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近日，全國工(gong)商聯報送了《關(guan)于碳(tan)中和(he)目標背景下大(da)力發展光熱發電產業的(de)提案》，建議大(da)力扶持光熱發電產業發展。

提案指(zhi)出，太陽能光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有多個優點(dian)，比如：在整個生(sheng)命周期中，光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)每度電(dian)(dian)(dian)的碳排放遠低(di)于(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏，僅為光(guang)(guang)伏的1/6；光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)自帶大規模、廉價(jia)、安全(quan)環保的儲(chu)能系統(tong)，能明顯降低(di)未(wei)來電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)對于(yu)儲(chu)能的需求；光(guang)(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的就業人(ren)數是光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的10倍等。

為此，全(quan)國工商聯建議，多策并舉，支持(chi)光(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電產業可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在“十四五(wu)”期間，中(zhong)央財政繼續對光(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電項目給予(yu)補貼等(deng)。

光熱電站就業人數是光伏電站10倍

2020年9月，在第75屆聯合國大會期(qi)間，中(zhong)國提高國家自主貢獻承(cheng)諾：二氧化碳(tan)(tan)排放力(li)爭于2030年前(qian)達到峰值，努力(li)爭取(qu)2060年前(qian)實現碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和。

提案指出(chu)，該承諾不(bu)僅(jin)向世界傳遞了中國綠色低碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型的決心(xin)，也(ye)為(wei)(wei)我國新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展指明方向。光熱發(fa)電是一種高品質的清(qing)潔電力(li)，其發(fa)電原理與(yu)傳統(tong)火電相似，采用成熟的儲熱技術，可(ke)實現全天24小(xiao)時穩定(ding)持續發(fa)電，具有電力(li)輸出(chu)穩定(ding)可(ke)靠、調(diao)(diao)節靈(ling)活(huo)等(deng)特性，能夠承擔電網基(ji)荷和調(diao)(diao)峰職能，降低高比例(li)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)系統(tong)對大儲能容量的要求。作為(wei)(wei)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型新(xin)途徑(jing)，太陽(yang)能光熱發(fa)電未來將會為(wei)(wei)實現我國“碳(tan)中和”目標貢獻重要力(li)量。

全國工商聯(lian)介(jie)紹，太(tai)陽能光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)具有(you)較多優點，包(bao)括：在整個(ge)生命周期(qi)中，光(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站每度電(dian)(dian)的(de)碳排放遠(yuan)低(di)于光(guang)伏(fu)，僅為光(guang)伏(fu)的(de)1/6；與光(guang)伏(fu)和(he)風電(dian)(dian)相比，光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)是電(dian)(dian)網友好型的(de)清(qing)潔電(dian)(dian)源，大(da)規模并網不會(hui)增加(jia)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)的(de)額外成本；建設光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)站需(xu)要消(xiao)耗普通(tong)鋼材、玻璃、鹽和(he)水泥(ni)等大(da)量傳統(tong)(tong)材料，有(you)助于化解(jie)傳統(tong)(tong)行業(ye)過(guo)剩產能；設計、制造光(guang)熱電(dian)(dian)站所用的(de)技術設備與傳統(tong)(tong)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)幾乎(hu)相同，有(you)助于在能源轉型過(guo)程中幫助傳統(tong)(tong)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)產業(ye)鏈企業(ye)獲得新(xin)生。

同時，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站自帶大(da)規(gui)模、廉(lian)價、安(an)全(quan)(quan)環(huan)保(bao)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，能(neng)明顯降低(di)未來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)需求；光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具有很大(da)轉動慣量，有利(li)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)頻率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩定(ding)，能(neng)夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)運行提供重要支撐；光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)多建(jian)在(zai)荒漠化土地上，有利(li)于(yu)(yu)當(dang)地生態改(gai)善(shan)；中國優質光(guang)(guang)資源主要在(zai)西北，通過(guo)規(gui)模化建(jian)設光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，有利(li)于(yu)(yu)擴(kuo)大(da)當(dang)地就(jiu)業(ye)（光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站就(jiu)業(ye)人(ren)數是(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)10倍），可明顯拉(la)動西北落后地區經濟(ji)發展；經過(guo)一定(ding)年限的(de)規(gui)模推廣，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不僅(jin)可擺(bai)脫對國家補貼的(de)依賴，且經濟(ji)性(xing)和環(huan)保(bao)性(xing)均優于(yu)(yu)天(tian)然氣(qi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)(guang)伏+化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)，上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價也可降到當(dang)前煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水平。

光熱發電處于起步發展階段

目前(qian)，發(fa)展(zhan)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)存在(zai)一些(xie)困難(nan)，包括光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)處于發(fa)展(zhan)初期，沒有規(gui)模效應，與光(guang)(guang)伏相比價格較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)；光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)經濟性與其規(gui)模緊密相關(guan)，只有較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)規(gui)模的(de)電(dian)站(zhan)才具(ju)有良好(hao)的(de)經濟性，因此，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站(zhan)投資額遠大(da)于光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)站(zhan)；光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站(zhan)建設(she)周期較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長，工程技術較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)，涉及多個工程門類(lei)，調試、運維都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)；雖然(ran)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)價值已得到不少(shao)專家(jia)認可，但因目前(qian)國內擁有大(da)量煤電(dian)機(ji)組，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)價值和作用短(duan)期還無(wu)法(fa)得到體現(xian)等(deng)。

2020年1月，財(cai)政部、國家發改(gai)委和國家能源局聯合發布(bu)《關于促(cu)進(jin)非水可(ke)再生能源發電健(jian)康發展的若干(gan)意見》指出(chu)，新增海上(shang)風電和光熱項目(mu)不再納入中央財(cai)政補貼范圍。

全(quan)國工商(shang)聯認(ren)為，當前，無(wu)(wu)論(lun)國內國外，光熱發電都處于(yu)起步發展階段，發電成本較高，如果簡單地直(zhi)接取消國家補貼，將無(wu)(wu)法在價格(ge)競(jing)爭中立足。

為此(ci)，提(ti)(ti)案(an)建議，在(zai)“十(shi)四五”規(gui)劃(hua)中(zhong)，安排一定容量的(de)新增裝機；同時(shi)，在(zai)西(xi)北地區的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送通(tong)(tong)道上各配置(zhi)1GW~2GW的(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組來代替燃煤機組，提(ti)(ti)高外(wai)送通(tong)(tong)道中(zhong)可再生能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)比重；在(zai)“十(shi)四五”期間，中(zhong)央(yang)財(cai)政繼續對光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)給予補(bu)貼，鼓勵銀行提(ti)(ti)供低息(xi)貸款(kuan)，減(jian)免土地使用稅等相(xiang)關稅費；改革(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制，將需(xu)求(qiu)側的(de)峰(feng)谷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)差(cha)(cha)向發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側傳導，使上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)體現電(dian)(dian)(dian)源品質差(cha)(cha)異和市(shi)場供求(qiu)關系，從而發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)儲能調峰(feng)優勢，大幅度減(jian)少(shao)國家財(cai)政補(bu)貼壓力。

此外，提案建(jian)議，首批(pi)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目中尚有12個項(xiang)目處于停建(jian)狀態(tai)。為此，政(zheng)府(fu)有關部門(men)應盡快(kuai)明(ming)確2018年(nian)(nian)以后(hou)投運(yun)的(de)(de)光熱發電(dian)項(xiang)目上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)價政(zheng)策。對原(yuan)投資方已(yi)明(ming)確退出的(de)(de)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目，應允許(xu)地方政(zheng)府(fu)選擇合適的(de)(de)投資方繼續(xu)建(jian)設(she)，并將機(ji)組(zu)投運(yun)時(shi)間延期至(zhi)2022年(nian)(nian)底(di)，以保證示(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)期。