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伴(ban)隨著雙碳目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)政策推(tui)進，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)作為世界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭消(xiao)費國(guo)(guo)(guo)，是實(shi)現全(quan)球能源轉(zhuan)型、可持續發展的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。到2020年，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)裝機總量將達到11億千瓦，超過(guo)所有(you)(you)(you)其他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)總和(he)(he)。并且，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大多數(shu)燃煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠(chang)是在過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)十年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)投產(chan)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，與(yu)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)歐盟等地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)陳舊(jiu)設施(shi)相(xiang)比，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)現役煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠(chang)還有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)長的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。但是，為了實(shi)現人類共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)氣候目(mu)標，我們(men)需要對全(quan)球所有(you)(you)(you)——包括(kuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)——燃煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠(chang)進行(xing)迅速的(de)(de)(de)淘汰和(he)(he)深度減排(pai)。世界(jie)范圍內(nei)，燃煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)廠(chang)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)壽命(ming)也將成為歷(li)史(shi)。

圖(tu)1燃煤(mei)電廠光伏風電儲能綠色發展(zhan)路徑（圖(tu)片來自(zi)DLR）

煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相關(guan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組織提議，在“十(shi)四五(wu)”能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)（2021–2025年）以(yi)及2035年基礎建(jian)設規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中(zhong)，提高中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機上限。國(guo)(guo)網能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)研究(jiu)院(yuan)隸(li)屬于國(guo)(guo)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)用事業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司，預計(ji)到(dao)2030年，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)可能(neng)需(xu)要12億千(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機，以(yi)維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)穩定。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)聯合會是(shi)代(dai)表中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協會，建(jian)議煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機在2030年達到(dao)13億千(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)峰值。隸(li)屬中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設集(ji)團的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設計(ji)總(zong)院(yuan)，則認為煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機到(dao)2035年要達到(dao)14億千(qian)瓦(wa)才能(neng)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求。燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)如何能(neng)夠(gou)從灰色走向藍色最終實現(xian)綠(lv)色發展，本文根(gen)據三個階段(duan)進(jin)行(xing)探討燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)未來之路。

圖2燃煤(mei)電廠(chang)走(zou)向綠色發展的三個階段（摘自網(wang)絡）

基(ji)于燃煤機(ji)(ji)組的現(xian)實發展，目(mu)前(qian)還處在(zai)灰(hui)色一維時代，以(yi)機(ji)(ji)組本身(shen)為中心，以(yi)實現(xian)脫(tuo)硫(liu)脫(tuo)硝超低排放為目(mu)標，隨(sui)著近幾年綠色可再生(sheng)能(neng)源，特別是風電(dian)(dian)光伏(fu)裝機(ji)(ji)比(bi)例加大后，基(ji)于生(sheng)態文明建設需要(yao)，降(jiang)低棄(qi)風棄(qi)光比(bi)例的要(yao)求。燃煤機(ji)(ji)組開始悄然改(gai)變(bian)中，需要(yao)拿出渾身(shen)解數，利用自身(shen)的調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)，開展電(dian)(dian)源調(diao)峰。目(mu)前(qian)我國在(zai)運煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組一般最小出力(li)為45～60%，冬季供(gong)熱(re)(re)期(qi)僅能(neng)低至(zhi)65～85%。純(chun)凝機(ji)(ji)組靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)提升(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)要(yao)取決于鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)燃燒穩定性(xing)以(yi)及汽輪機(ji)(ji)和主(zhu)要(yao)輔機(ji)(ji)的適應性(xing)。目(mu)前(qian)國內推動試點示范項(xiang)目(mu)通過靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，最小技(ji)術(shu)(shu)出力(li)可低至(zhi)30%～35%額定容量(liang)，部分(fen)機(ji)(ji)組可以(yi)低至(zhi)20%～25%。熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)聯產(chan)機(ji)(ji)組靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)提升(sheng)(sheng)路線主(zhu)要(yao)包括：大規模熔鹽儲能(neng)調(diao)峰技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，熱(re)(re)水蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)調(diao)峰技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，固(gu)體電(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)熱(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)調(diao)峰技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)調(diao)峰技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，切除(chu)低壓(ya)缸技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，余熱(re)(re)回收(shou)供(gong)熱(re)(re)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，主(zhu)、再蒸汽減(jian)(jian)溫減(jian)(jian)壓(ya)供(gong)熱(re)(re)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)。改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)后，熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)聯產(chan)機(ji)(ji)組最小技(ji)術(shu)(shu)出力(li)達(da)到(dao)40%～50%額定容量(liang)，部分(fen)“熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)解耦”改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)最小技(ji)術(shu)(shu)出力(li)可進(jin)一步降(jiang)低。改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)后，機(ji)(ji)組能(neng)夠達(da)到(dao)現(xian)階段環保(bao)要(yao)求。煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)經濟上具有較好優勢。

圖3燃煤發電(dian)廠的20個(ge)子系統

目前靈活(huo)性改(gai)造(zao)單位千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)調峰容(rong)量成本約在(zai)500元～1500元之間(jian)，遠低(di)(di)于(yu)抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、獨立儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電站等其(qi)它調節手段。由于(yu)煤電機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)低(di)(di)負(fu)荷(he)運行(xing)時，煤耗增加、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效下降，在(zai)積(ji)極消(xiao)納風、光、核發電量后，綜(zong)合供電煤耗下降、社會(hui)整(zheng)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效和環(huan)保水平提(ti)升。另外，機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)低(di)(di)負(fu)荷(he)運行(xing)時，更(geng)大(da)規(gui)模的(de)百萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、60萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)超(chao)（超(chao)）臨(lin)(lin)界機(ji)組(zu)比60萬、30萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)亞臨(lin)(lin)界機(ji)組(zu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效下降更(geng)明顯，應優先考(kao)慮30萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)及以下、部分60萬千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)亞臨(lin)(lin)界機(ji)組(zu)進行(xing)靈活(huo)性改(gai)造(zao)，并對于(yu)此部分機(ji)組(zu)考(kao)慮延(yan)長壽命(ming)，滿足未來新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源為(wei)主體的(de)電力系統(tong)調峰供熱(re)需要，整(zheng)體綜(zong)合經濟(ji)效益(yi)和社會(hui)效益(yi)更(geng)好。

隨著碳達峰(feng)碳中和的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標實(shi)(shi)施，燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)也被無情的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)入(ru)藍(lan)色(se)二維新(xin)(xin)(xin)時代(dai)，更(geng)需要(yao)內生動力(li)(li)跨界應(ying)用，特別是(shi)思維改變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態，重構燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)定位，增加大(da)(da)規(gui)模熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術，從(cong)自身的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)負荷(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)輔助負荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變(bian)。響應(ying)習總(zong)書記新(xin)(xin)(xin)時代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源四個革(ge)命，一(yi)個合(he)(he)作的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)思想，落實(shi)(shi)滿足構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系，實(shi)(shi)現燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)升級(ji)高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，維護新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)態長期(qi)生存(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需要(yao)，以(yi)電(dian)力(li)(li)供給側與工業(ye)消費側融合(he)(he)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。逐步(bu)打(da)造新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需要(yao)，通過(guo)采用大(da)(da)規(gui)模熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技(ji)術，十四五到(dao)2030年碳達峰(feng)前，首先實(shi)(shi)現非供暖(nuan)季以(yi)深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)滿足新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)目(mu)標，融合(he)(he)風(feng)、光、儲(chu)、煤(mei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化融合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，以(yi)大(da)(da)規(gui)模熔鹽(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術為(wei)(wei)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補利用，先邁出一(yi)大(da)(da)步(bu)，實(shi)(shi)現非供暖(nuan)季新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)廠去煤(mei)化，以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)電(dian)源為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標，為(wei)(wei)進入(ru)全面綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段做好(hao)充分的(de)(de)(de)準備。基(ji)于(yu)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)供熱電(dian)源形(xing)式為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，當下(xia)必須要(yao)認真思考新(xin)(xin)(xin)上燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模大(da)(da)小(xiao)應(ying)該(gai)禁止(zhi)再上高參(can)數大(da)(da)機(ji)組(zu)，而是(shi)應(ying)該(gai)從(cong)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)遠(yuan)期(qi)考慮(lv)，重點以(yi)30-60萬千瓦(wa)亞臨界機(ji)組(zu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足未(wei)來(lai)(lai)火電(dian)深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)超(chao)低(di)負荷(he)運(yun)行綜合(he)(he)經濟性考慮(lv)。避免延續過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)高參(can)數大(da)(da)機(ji)組(zu)慣性思維，而是(shi)綜合(he)(he)考慮(lv)未(wei)來(lai)(lai)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)生存(cun)屬(shu)性，以(yi)靈活(huo)深(shen)調(diao)(diao)(diao)融入(ru)到(dao)大(da)(da)比例新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)系中，發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組(zu)內生新(xin)(xin)(xin)動力(li)(li)，跨界新(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)強支撐力(li)(li)量。

圖(tu)4燃煤電廠(chang)熔鹽儲能(neng)多能(neng)互補初(chu)級階段(duan)（圖(tu)片轉自中南電力設計院）

暢想碳達峰后的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)，如(ru)何從(cong)延長(chang)壽命階段到永(yong)續長(chang)期(qi)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)共存。勢必跨進(jin)(jin)綠色(se)三(san)維(wei)時代，在通(tong)過(guo)非供暖季去煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)后的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展時期(qi)后，完全(quan)進(jin)(jin)入新(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)無煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時代，通(tong)過(guo)構建強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)體(ti)(ti)系，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)為(wei)基礎(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)數字(zi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應用(yong)(yong)平臺。燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是指在傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)上，充分利用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)材料和(he)信息技術，進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)拓展電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)和(he)規模，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)完全(quan)替(ti)代煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭等終端化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)，推動全(quan)社會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平再(zai)(zai)度躍升，并促(cu)進(jin)(jin)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規模開發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)，最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)以(yi)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)導、以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)高度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)社會的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程。再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)根植于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)加速清(qing)潔(jie)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型(xing)、積(ji)極應對氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)程之(zhi)中(zhong)，與(yu)以(yi)往(wang)傳統工業化(hua)(hua)(hua)時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程有本質區別。清(qing)潔(jie)低(di)碳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，從(cong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產(chan)環節來看，傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)依靠(kao)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭、天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應，而再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)則伴隨著風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)規模開發(fa)(fa)和(he)利用(yong)(yong)，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)為(wei)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)替(ti)代和(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占一次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)比重的(de)(de)(de)提升。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)再(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工廠(chang)(chang)，是以(yi)現(xian)(xian)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)為(wei)基礎(chu)(chu)，通(tong)過(guo)綠色(se)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，逐步(bu)成為(wei)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)，屬于(yu)未來創新(xin)(xin)性(xing)可再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數字(zi)互聯網中(zhong)心(xin)，為(wei)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)自(zi)身永(yong)續生存的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展路徑，完全(quan)脫胎換骨為(wei)無煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務中(zhong)心(xin)。未來新(xin)(xin)型(xing)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)基于(yu)大(da)規模熔鹽(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應用(yong)(yong)，采用(yong)(yong)光熱(re)、光伏、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、熱(re)泵+X等多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補技術，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)冷、熱(re)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)聯供的(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務中(zhong)心(xin)。

圖5燃(ran)煤電廠(chang)大規模熔鹽儲能綠(lv)色(se)再電氣化(hua)新階段

熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)成(cheng)熟的光熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)應用領域(yu)，我(wo)司通(tong)(tong)過技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新、產業(ye)融(rong)合、產業(ye)鏈整合，開展(zhan)設(she)(she)計適(shi)用于(yu)燃煤電(dian)廠深(shen)度調峰(feng)(feng)、工業(ye)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)供熱(re)、清潔供暖領域(yu)新技(ji)(ji)術應用，滿足工業(ye)園區綠色(se)制(zhi)造低碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)要。儲能(neng)(neng)是支(zhi)撐(cheng)新型(xing)電(dian)力系統(tong)的重要技(ji)(ji)術和(he)基礎(chu)裝備，對推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠色(se)轉型(xing)、應對極端事件(jian)、保障能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全、促進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、實(shi)現碳(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)碳(tan)中和(he)具(ju)有重要意義。熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術蒸(zheng)汽(qi)系統(tong)主要由熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)材(cai)料、熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲罐、熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)泵、電(dian)加熱(re)器、換熱(re)器、除氧器、控制(zhi)系統(tong)和(he)各(ge)種水泵以(yi)及管(guan)道閥門等組成(cheng)。熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)系統(tong)采用冷熱(re)熔(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)雙罐設(she)(she)計，根據不同的運行模式，通(tong)(tong)過改變熔(rong)融(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)的流向，來決定(ding)系統(tong)是儲熱(re)還(huan)是放熱(re)。

燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)加速(su)綠(lv)色(se)(se)升級(ji)轉型(xing)，需(xu)要充(chong)分利用好現價(jia)段(duan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高速(su)增長的(de)(de)發展時(shi)期，充(chong)分利用好風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光伏新(xin)增儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)比例(li)的(de)(de)政策機遇，充(chong)分利用好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔助(zhu)服(fu)務市場及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現貨交易(yi)的(de)(de)政策轉變期，實現新(xin)業態內生動力(li)(li)和跨界應(ying)(ying)用，從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)商逐(zhu)步向(xiang)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補到再電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化的(de)(de)方向(xiang)發展。燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)一路(lu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠伴隨著新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)發展，從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)系的(de)(de)主導者(zhe)逐(zhu)步轉變為(wei)輔助(zhu)者(zhe)，到未來的(de)(de)服(fu)務者(zhe)的(de)(de)不同時(shi)代(dai)角(jiao)色(se)(se)轉變。大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)熔鹽儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術充(chong)分發揮自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)高安全、大(da)(da)容量(liang)、低成本、易(yi)回收諸多(duo)優(you)勢，助(zhu)力(li)(li)燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)從(cong)灰色(se)(se)踏入藍色(se)(se)，奔(ben)向(xiang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)新(xin)業態發展提供規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)支撐(cheng)，共同為(wei)燃(ran)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)實現深度調(diao)峰和機組延壽(shou)貢獻(xian)力(li)(li)量(liang)。

山西常晟(sheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源科技(ji)(ji)(ji)充分(fen)利用(yong)在光熱(re)發電(dian)領(ling)域大規模熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)，通過內(nei)生(sheng)動力和跨界(jie)應用(yong)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)思維(wei)，在原有(you)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)核心(xin)材料生(sheng)產制造優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)基礎上，聯合國內(nei)外熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)專家團(tuan)隊(dui)，開發具有(you)獨立(li)自主(zhu)知識(shi)產權的(de)新(xin)型熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)，攻克熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)化鹽(yan)、防凝、儲(chu)(chu)存諸(zhu)多技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)難題(ti)，采用(yong)增(zeng)設新(xin)型熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)化鹽(yan)系統、防凝、儲(chu)(chu)存技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)多重創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)(you)(you)化，實現(xian)熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在燃(ran)煤機組深度調峰，工業蒸汽應用(yong)領(ling)域的(de)核心(xin)優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)(shi)。

注：本文由山西常晟新能源科技王工（13810518839）供稿，愿攜手大家一起推動燃煤電廠的深度調峰與機組延壽的項目合作推動。