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10月12日(ri)，國家發(fa)(fa)改委發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《國家發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委關于(yu)進一(yi)步深化(hua)燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)改革(ge)的通(tong)知(zhi)》。通(tong)知(zhi)稱，有序放開(kai)全(quan)部燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量原則上(shang)全(quan)部進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)，通(tong)過市(shi)場(chang)交易在“基準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下(xia)浮動”范(fan)圍內形成上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。現行燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基準價(jia)(jia)繼(ji)續作為新能源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等價(jia)(jia)格形成的掛鉤基準。

擴大市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易電價(jia)上(shang)下浮(fu)動(dong)范圍。將燃煤發電市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易價(jia)格浮(fu)動(dong)范圍由(you)現(xian)行的(de)上(shang)浮(fu)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過10%、下浮(fu)原則(ze)上(shang)不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過15%，擴大為上(shang)下浮(fu)動(dong)原則(ze)上(shang)均不(bu)超(chao)(chao)過20%，高耗能企業(ye)市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易電價(jia)不(bu)受(shou)上(shang)浮(fu)20%限制。電力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)價(jia)格不(bu)受(shou)上(shang)述幅(fu)度限制。

推動(dong)工商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)都進入市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。各地要(yao)有(you)序推動(dong)工商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)全部(bu)進入電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，按(an)照市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)格購(gou)電(dian)(dian)，取(qu)消工商(shang)業目(mu)錄(lu)銷售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)。目(mu)前尚未進入市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，10千伏及以上的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要(yao)全部(bu)進入，其(qi)他用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)也要(yao)盡快進入。對暫未直接(jie)從電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)由(you)電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業代(dai)理(li)(li)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)，代(dai)理(li)(li)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格主(zhu)要(yao)通過(guo)場(chang)(chang)內集中(zhong)競價(jia)或(huo)競爭性招標(biao)方(fang)式形(xing)成，首次向代(dai)理(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)售電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，至少(shao)提前1個(ge)月(yue)通知用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)。已參與市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易(yi)、改為電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業代(dai)理(li)(li)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，其(qi)價(jia)格按(an)電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業代(dai)理(li)(li)其(qi)他用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格的(de)(de)1.5倍(bei)執(zhi)行。

鼓勵地方對小(xiao)微企業和個體工商戶用電實行階段性優惠(hui)政策。

以下為通知全文：

國(guo)家發展(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委關于進一步(bu)深化燃(ran)煤(mei)發電上網電價市場化改(gai)革(ge)的通(tong)知

發改價格〔2021〕1439號

各(ge)省(sheng)、自治區、直轄市及計劃單(dan)列市、新疆(jiang)生產(chan)建設兵團(tuan)發(fa)展改(gai)革委，華(hua)能(neng)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、大(da)唐集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、華(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)家能(neng)源集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)、國(guo)投(tou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力有(you)限公(gong)司(si)，國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)、南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)限責(ze)(ze)任公(gong)司(si)、內蒙(meng)古電(dian)(dian)(dian)力（集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)）有(you)限責(ze)(ze)任公(gong)司(si)：

為貫徹落實(shi)黨中(zhong)央、國務院決策部署，加快推進電(dian)價(jia)市場化(hua)改革(ge)，完善主要由市場決定電(dian)價(jia)的機制(zhi)，保障電(dian)力安(an)全穩定供(gong)應，現就進一步深化(hua)燃煤發電(dian)上網電(dian)價(jia)市場化(hua)改革(ge)及有關事宜通知(zhi)如(ru)下：

一、總體思路

按照(zhao)電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)改革(ge)“管住中(zhong)間、放開兩頭”總體(ti)要求，有(you)序放開全部燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)電(dian)量(liang)上網電(dian)價(jia)(jia)，擴大市(shi)場交易電(dian)價(jia)(jia)上下浮動(dong)范圍，推動(dong)工商業用(yong)戶(hu)都進(jin)入市(shi)場，取消工商業目錄(lu)銷售電(dian)價(jia)(jia)，保(bao)持(chi)居(ju)民、農業、公(gong)益(yi)性事業用(yong)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)格穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)，充分發(fa)(fa)揮市(shi)場在資源配置中(zhong)的決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性作(zuo)用(yong)、更(geng)好發(fa)(fa)揮政府作(zuo)用(yong)，保(bao)障電(dian)力安全穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)供應，促進(jin)產業結構(gou)優化升級，推動(dong)構(gou)建新型電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)，助力碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和目標實(shi)現。

二、改革內容

（一）有(you)序放開全部燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)電(dian)量(liang)上網電(dian)價(jia)。燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)電(dian)量(liang)原則上全部進入(ru)電(dian)力市場，通過市場交易在“基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)+上下浮動”范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)形(xing)成(cheng)上網電(dian)價(jia)。現行燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)繼續(xu)作(zuo)為新能源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)等(deng)價(jia)格形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)掛鉤基(ji)準(zhun)。

（二）擴大(da)市場(chang)交易(yi)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)下(xia)浮(fu)動范圍。將(jiang)燃(ran)煤發(fa)電(dian)市場(chang)交易(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格浮(fu)動范圍由現行的上(shang)浮(fu)不超(chao)過(guo)(guo)10%、下(xia)浮(fu)原(yuan)則上(shang)不超(chao)過(guo)(guo)15%，擴大(da)為上(shang)下(xia)浮(fu)動原(yuan)則上(shang)均(jun)不超(chao)過(guo)(guo)20%，高耗能企業市場(chang)交易(yi)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)不受上(shang)浮(fu)20%限(xian)制。電(dian)力現貨價(jia)(jia)(jia)格不受上(shang)述幅度限(xian)制。

（三）推(tui)動(dong)工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)都進(jin)入市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。各地要有序(xu)推(tui)動(dong)工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)全部進(jin)入電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，按照市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)，取消工(gong)商(shang)業目(mu)錄(lu)銷售電(dian)價(jia)。目(mu)前(qian)尚未進(jin)入市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，10千伏及以上(shang)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要全部進(jin)入，其(qi)他用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)也要盡快進(jin)入。對暫未直接從電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)由(you)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業代理(li)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)，代理(li)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)主要通過場(chang)(chang)內集中競(jing)價(jia)或競(jing)爭性招(zhao)標方式形成，首次向代理(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)售電(dian)時，至(zhi)少提前(qian)1個(ge)月通知用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)。已參與市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易、改為電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業代理(li)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，其(qi)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)按電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業代理(li)其(qi)他用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)1.5倍執行。

鼓勵地方對小(xiao)微企業和個體(ti)工商戶用電實行階段(duan)性優惠政(zheng)策。

（四）保(bao)持居(ju)民(min)、農業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格穩定(ding)。居(ju)民(min)（含執(zhi)(zhi)行居(ju)民(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的學校、社會福利機構、社區服務中心(xin)等公益性事業用(yong)(yong)戶）、農業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業保(bao)障(zhang)供應，執(zhi)(zhi)行現行目錄(lu)銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策。各(ge)地要優先將(jiang)低價(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源用(yong)(yong)于保(bao)障(zhang)居(ju)民(min)、農業用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

三、保障措施

（一）全(quan)面推進(jin)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設。加(jia)強政(zheng)策(ce)協(xie)同，適應工商業用戶(hu)全(quan)部(bu)進(jin)入電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)需(xu)要，進(jin)一步(bu)放開各類電(dian)源發(fa)電(dian)計劃；健全(quan)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)體系，加(jia)快(kuai)培育合格售電(dian)主(zhu)體，豐富中長期交易品種(zhong)，加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)力(li)現貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設，加(jia)強輔助服務(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設，探索建立市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化容量(liang)補償機制。

（二）加強與分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)銜接(jie)。各地(di)(di)要加快落實分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，建立尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制，引導(dao)用戶錯峰(feng)(feng)用電(dian)(dian)、削峰(feng)(feng)填谷(gu)。電(dian)(dian)力現貨市(shi)場(chang)未(wei)運行的地(di)(di)方，要做(zuo)好(hao)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)與分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的銜接(jie)，市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)合(he)同未(wei)申報用電(dian)(dian)曲線(xian)以及(ji)市(shi)場(chang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)比例(li)低于當(dang)地(di)(di)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)要求的，結算時(shi)(shi)(shi)購電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格按當(dang)地(di)(di)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段及(ji)浮動(dong)比例(li)執行。

（三）避免(mian)不(bu)合(he)(he)理行(xing)政干預。各地要嚴格(ge)按(an)照國家相(xiang)關政策要求推進電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場建設、制定并(bing)不(bu)斷完善市(shi)場交易規則，對電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶和發電(dian)(dian)企業進入電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場不(bu)得設置不(bu)合(he)(he)理門檻，不(bu)得組織開展電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)專場交易，對市(shi)場交易電(dian)(dian)價在規定范圍(wei)內的合(he)(he)理浮動(dong)不(bu)得進行(xing)干預，保(bao)障市(shi)場交易公(gong)平、公(gong)正、公(gong)開。國家發展改革委將會同(tong)相(xiang)關部門進一(yi)步加強指(zhi)導，對地方不(bu)合(he)(he)理行(xing)政干預行(xing)為，通(tong)過約談、通(tong)報等方式及時(shi)督促整改。

（四）加強煤電市(shi)場(chang)(chang)監管。各地(di)發展(zhan)改革部門要密切關(guan)注煤炭、電力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)動態(tai)和價(jia)(jia)格(ge)變化，積極會(hui)同(tong)相關(guan)部門及時查處(chu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體價(jia)(jia)格(ge)串通(tong)、哄抬價(jia)(jia)格(ge)、實施壟斷協議、濫用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)支配地(di)位等行為(wei)，電力(li)企(qi)業、交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機構參與電力(li)專場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)和結算電費等行為(wei)，以及地(di)方政府濫用(yong)行政權(quan)力(li)排除、限制(zhi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭等行為(wei)，對典型案例公開曝光(guang)，維護良(liang)好市(shi)場(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)序(xu)。指導發電企(qi)業特別是煤電聯營企(qi)業統籌考慮上下游(you)業務經營效益，合理(li)參與電力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)報價(jia)(jia)，促進市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)合理(li)形成(cheng)。

各地發展改(gai)革(ge)部門(men)要(yao)充分認識當前形勢下進一(yi)步(bu)深(shen)化(hua)燃煤發電上網電價市(shi)場化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)的重要(yao)意(yi)義(yi)，統一(yi)思想、明確(que)責任，會同相關(guan)部門(men)和電力企業精心做好組織(zhi)實施(shi)工(gong)作；要(yao)加(jia)強政策宣傳解讀，及時回應社會關(guan)切，增進各方面(mian)理(li)解和支持，確(que)保(bao)改(gai)革(ge)平穩出臺、落地見(jian)效。

本通(tong)知(zhi)自(zi)2021年10月15日起實施，現行政策(ce)與本通(tong)知(zhi)不符的，以本通(tong)知(zhi)規定為準。

國家發展改革委

2021年(nian)10月11日

專家解讀

保障(zhang)供需安全，促進市場發展

——《關于進一步(bu)深化燃煤發電上網電價(jia)市(shi)場化改革(ge)的通(tong)知》政(zheng)策解讀

文丨李成仁

“碳達峰、碳中和”目標提出后，電(dian)(dian)力供給結構、供需形勢(shi)將發(fa)生顯著(zhu)變化，需進一(yi)步發(fa)揮市(shi)場在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力資源優化配置中的作用(yong)。國家(jia)發(fa)改委近(jin)日印(yin)發(fa)了《關于(yu)進一(yi)步深化燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價市(shi)場化改革的通知》（以下簡稱《通知》），進一(yi)步推進了電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場化建設(she)，是改革進程中的又(you)一(yi)重大突破(po)。

《通(tong)(tong)知》提出(chu)(chu)全(quan)面放開(kai)燃煤(mei)(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和工商業(ye)(ye)目錄(lu)銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，并(bing)對(dui)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、用(yong)戶銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網代理購電(dian)(dian)(dian)等機(ji)制進(jin)行了調整及明確，更為客觀、科學、系統的(de)(de)指導新形勢下電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場改(gai)革的(de)(de)方向。短期(qi)來看，《通(tong)(tong)知》提出(chu)(chu)了通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場緩解現階段煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)矛盾、保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應安全(quan)的(de)(de)解決措施。長期(qi)來看，《通(tong)(tong)知》對(dui)推進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化建(jian)設、明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)責任(ren)、保(bao)障(zhang)居民農業(ye)(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)等方面進(jin)一步(bu)予以(yi)明確，并(bing)提出(chu)(chu)了具(ju)體舉(ju)措。具(ju)體來說，《通(tong)(tong)知》可以(yi)總結為對(dui)以(yi)下四(si)個(ge)方面進(jin)行了優化調整。

一(yi)、加大煤電價格(ge)浮動力度，解決短期煤電價格(ge)矛盾，保障今(jin)冬明春電力供(gong)應

通過(guo)市場機制確保(bao)發電(dian)企業“有錢買煤”以(yi)及持續健康(kang)發展，全力保(bao)障今(jin)冬明春的電(dian)力安全穩定(ding)供(gong)應。

今年1-8月(yue)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)供需(xu)持續趨緊，煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)供給量(liang)同(tong)比增(zeng)加(jia)4.4%，而全國煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)消費量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)了11%，形成了較大(da)的(de)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)供需(xu)缺口，導致(zhi)價(jia)格(ge)大(da)幅上(shang)(shang)漲。1-8月(yue)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)長(chang)協和現(xian)貨加(jia)權(quan)平(ping)均價(jia)格(ge)同(tong)比上(shang)(shang)漲約20%，9月(yue)份以(yi)來(lai)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)現(xian)貨價(jia)格(ge)已上(shang)(shang)漲至1200元以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，燃煤(mei)(mei)發電(dian)企業(ye)“買(mai)不(bu)到(dao)煤(mei)(mei)”、“買(mai)不(bu)起煤(mei)(mei)”矛盾凸顯，從而導致(zhi)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)企業(ye)缺煤(mei)(mei)停機并(bing)引發部分地(di)區限電(dian)，對經濟社會發展(zhan)帶(dai)來(lai)了較大(da)影響。

近期，隨著(zhu)供需形勢變化(hua)，多個地區燃煤(mei)發電市場(chang)交易(yi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)已(yi)在“基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)+上浮(fu)10%”的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)上漲(zhang)。《通(tong)知》中(zhong)明確擴大了煤(mei)電價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)浮(fu)動(dong)范(fan)圍(wei)至(zhi)正(zheng)負20%，基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)(jia)浮(fu)動(dong)比例能夠覆蓋目前煤(mei)炭長(chang)協與現貨價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)綜合漲(zhang)幅(fu)，有利(li)于(yu)進一步緩解煤(mei)電企業經(jing)營困難，確保發電企業持續健(jian)康發展，全(quan)力保障今年迎峰度(du)冬期間的(de)電力安全(quan)穩定供應。

二(er)、大力推(tui)進(jin)電力市場建設(she)，化解長期煤電價(jia)格矛盾，促進(jin)電力市場有(you)序發展

通過推動煤電、工商業用(yong)戶全部進(jin)(jin)入市場，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步擴大市場范圍，從而建立起順暢且閉環的價(jia)格傳導(dao)機制。

對(dui)煤(mei)電(dian)而言(yan)，2020年我(wo)國煤(mei)電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量占比60.7%，煤(mei)電(dian)市場化電(dian)量占煤(mei)電(dian)總發(fa)電(dian)量70%左右。通(tong)過(guo)推動(dong)煤(mei)電(dian)全部(bu)進(jin)入(ru)市場一方面解決了(le)煤(mei)電(dian)成(cheng)本長期有效回收的問題，同時也推動(dong)了(le)電(dian)力市場化進(jin)程(cheng)，標(biao)志著電(dian)力市場化改(gai)革進(jin)入(ru)新階(jie)段。

對工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶而(er)言，為(wei)促使工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，使其共享改革紅利、共擔市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)風險，《通知》要求(qiu)有(you)序推動工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶全部進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，取(qu)消工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)目(mu)錄(lu)銷售電(dian)價，能夠利用(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)價格信號(hao)引導用(yong)(yong)戶提高用(yong)(yong)能效率和優化用(yong)(yong)能習慣。同時，推進(jin)工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)全部進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)需(xu)兩端規模對等，形(xing)成(cheng)有(you)效的(de)競爭性(xing)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。也體(ti)現了我國電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化發展“分(fen)類施策、有(you)序推進(jin)”的(de)解決(jue)思路。

三、銜接電力市場價格(ge)機(ji)制，多措并舉穩定(ding)居民、農業用電價格(ge)，保障居民農業用電安全

對(dui)居民、農(nong)業(ye)用戶而言，短(duan)期內不(bu)適(shi)宜進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)力市場參與(yu)交易，用電(dian)繼續執行現行目錄(lu)電(dian)價政策。為(wei)(wei)堅決保障居民、農(nong)業(ye)用電(dian)價格穩定(ding)，文件要求(qiu)由(you)低(di)價電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)優先提供(gong)居民、農(nong)業(ye)用電(dian)來源(yuan)(yuan)。該舉(ju)措立足我(wo)國國情，穩定(ding)了我(wo)國居民農(nong)業(ye)交叉補(bu)貼來源(yuan)(yuan)，為(wei)(wei)建設具有(you)中(zhong)國特色(se)的(de)電(dian)力市場奠定(ding)良好(hao)基礎。

四、規范電網企(qi)業代理購電方式，明確電網企(qi)業責任

目(mu)前，我國(guo)已完成兩輪輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價改革工作，對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)實(shi)施嚴格的輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價監管(guan)。工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)目(mu)錄銷售電(dian)(dian)價取消且全部(bu)進(jin)入市場后，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)責任分工將(jiang)更加明(ming)(ming)確，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)收入構(gou)成更加清晰，工商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)(dian)價格結構(gou)也將(jiang)更加透明(ming)(ming)。

另一方面，電(dian)網企業社會責(ze)任也更加(jia)凸顯。《通知》允許電(dian)網企業扮演類似“保底售電(dian)公(gong)司”的角色參與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場，代理居民、農業和未直接從電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場買(mai)電(dian)的工商(shang)業用戶購電(dian)，形(xing)成了(le)完整的市(shi)(shi)場邏輯(ji)閉(bi)環，保證了(le)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場所有(you)(you)用戶“有(you)(you)電(dian)可買(mai)、有(you)(you)電(dian)可用”。

注：作者系國網能源研究院財會與審計研究所所長。

國家發展改革委新聞發布會就進一步深化燃煤發電上網電價市場化改革有關情況的介紹：

國家發展改革委價格司司長萬勁松先生：按(an)照電力體制改革“管(guan)住中間、放開兩(liang)頭”總(zong)體要求(qiu)，此次改革，在“放開兩(liang)頭”方面均取得重要進展，集(ji)中體現為兩(liang)個(ge)“有序放開”。

在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)，有(you)序放開全(quan)部(bu)(bu)燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。我(wo)國(guo)燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占比高，燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成中發(fa)揮著(zhu)“錨(mao)”的(de)(de)作用。目前，已經有(you)約70%的(de)(de)燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)通過參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場形成上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。此次改革，明確推(tui)動其余30%的(de)(de)燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場，這(zhe)樣將進一(yi)步帶動其他類別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)進入市(shi)場，為全(quan)面放開發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價奠定堅實基礎(chu)。

在用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側，有(you)序放開工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格。目(mu)前，大約44%的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量已通(tong)過(guo)參與(yu)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)形成(cheng)(cheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格。此次(ci)改(gai)革，明(ming)(ming)確提出有(you)序推(tui)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶都(dou)進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)(chang)，按照市場(chang)(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)格購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，取消工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)目(mu)錄(lu)銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)。尚未進(jin)入(ru)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶中，10千伏及以上的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大、市場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)條件好，全部進(jin)入(ru)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)；其(qi)他(ta)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶也要盡快(kuai)進(jin)入(ru)。屆時，目(mu)錄(lu)銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)只保留居民(min)、農業(ye)(ye)類別(bie)，基本實現(xian)“能(neng)放盡放”。同(tong)時，我(wo)們明(ming)(ming)確對暫(zan)未直接從電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)(chang)購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)代(dai)理購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，代(dai)理購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格通(tong)過(guo)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)方式形成(cheng)(cheng)；要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)首次(ci)向代(dai)理用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶售電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，至少提前1個月通(tong)知(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶，確保改(gai)革平穩過(guo)渡(du)。

這次改革(ge)確(que)實是電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場化(hua)改革(ge)又(you)邁出的(de)(de)重要(yao)一(yi)步，核心是真正建立起了“能跌能漲”的(de)(de)市(shi)場化(hua)電(dian)價(jia)機制。從當前(qian)看，改革(ge)有利于進(jin)一(yi)步理順“煤電(dian)”關系(xi)，保(bao)障電(dian)力(li)(li)安全穩定供應；從長遠看，將加快推動電(dian)力(li)(li)中(zhong)長期交易、現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)場和輔助服(fu)務(wu)市(shi)場建設發展，促進(jin)電(dian)力(li)(li)行業(ye)高質量發展，支撐新型電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統建設，服(fu)務(wu)能源綠色低碳轉型，并將對加快推動發用電(dian)計劃(hua)改革(ge)、售電(dian)側(ce)體制改革(ge)等電(dian)力(li)(li)體制其他改革(ge)發揮重要(yao)作(zuo)用。

堅決(jue)遏制“兩高”項目盲目發(fa)展是實現高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的內在要求。高耗能行(xing)業無序發(fa)展，會增加電力保供壓力，不利于綠色低(di)碳(tan)轉型發(fa)展。

這次改(gai)(gai)革，我們明(ming)確高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)企(qi)業市場(chang)交易電價(jia)不受上(shang)浮20%的(de)幅(fu)度限制，有(you)利于(yu)引(yin)導(dao)高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)企(qi)業市場(chang)交易電價(jia)多(duo)上(shang)浮一些，這樣(yang)可以更加充分地傳導(dao)發電成本上(shang)升(sheng)壓(ya)力(li)，抑制不合(he)理的(de)電力(li)消費、改(gai)(gai)善電力(li)供求(qiu)狀況(kuang)；也有(you)利于(yu)促進高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)企(qi)業加大技術改(gai)(gai)造投入、提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源利用效率，推(tui)動產業結構轉型升(sheng)級。

價格司副司長、一級巡視員彭紹宗：目(mu)前，關于燃(ran)煤發電，已(yi)經(jing)有70%的(de)電量參與了(le)電力市場，按照“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)”的(de)市場化價(jia)(jia)格機制，通過市場交易，在上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)不超(chao)(chao)過10%、下浮(fu)(fu)原則上(shang)不超(chao)(chao)過15%的(de)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)幅度(du)范圍內形成上(shang)網電價(jia)(jia)。近(jin)期煤炭價(jia)(jia)格明顯上(shang)漲后，一(yi)些地方電力市場的(de)燃(ran)煤發電交易電價(jia)(jia)已(yi)實(shi)現上(shang)浮(fu)(fu)，對緩解燃(ran)煤發電企業經(jing)營困難發揮了(le)積(ji)極作用。

此次改革明確(que)，有序推動(dong)全部燃煤發電(dian)電(dian)量進入(ru)市場(chang)形(xing)成市場(chang)交易(yi)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)，將上下(xia)浮(fu)動(dong)的范圍擴大為原則(ze)上均不(bu)超過20%，用電(dian)多(duo)的高耗(hao)能行業(ye)市場(chang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)不(bu)受(shou)上浮(fu)20%限制，有利于(yu)更(geng)好(hao)(hao)地(di)發揮市場(chang)機制作用，讓電(dian)價(jia)(jia)更(geng)靈活(huo)反(fan)映電(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)(xu)形(xing)勢(shi)和成本變化，在一定程度(du)上緩解燃煤發電(dian)企業(ye)經(jing)營困難、激勵企業(ye)增加電(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)應(ying)，抑(yi)制不(bu)合理電(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)求，改善電(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)求狀況，更(geng)好(hao)(hao)保障電(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)全穩定供(gong)應(ying)。

全面(mian)放開燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)，擴(kuo)大上(shang)下浮動(dong)范(fan)圍，在(zai)電(dian)力(li)供(gong)需偏緊的(de)情況下，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)價(jia)可(ke)能出現上(shang)浮，在(zai)一(yi)定程度(du)上(shang)推(tui)升工商業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)成(cheng)本。但(dan)需要分用(yong)戶類(lei)別來(lai)看，對高耗能企(qi)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易電(dian)價(jia)，規定其不(bu)受上(shang)浮20%限(xian)制(zhi)，這樣上(shang)浮不(bu)限(xian)，就是要讓用(yong)電(dian)多、能耗高的(de)企(qi)業(ye)多付費。

其他工商業用戶，單位產品生產用電少(shao)，用電成本(ben)在總(zong)成本(ben)中占(zhan)比總(zong)體(ti)(ti)較低，市場交易電價出現一定上浮，企業用電成本(ben)會(hui)有所增(zeng)加(jia)，但總(zong)體(ti)(ti)有限。

同(tong)時，我(wo)委考慮到不同(tong)用戶(hu)的情況，還作了針對性安排：一是(shi)(shi)各地根據(ju)情況有序推動工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用戶(hu)進入市場，并建立電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)代(dai)理購電(dian)(dian)機制，確(que)保平穩實(shi)施。二(er)是(shi)(shi)鼓勵地方(fang)通過采取階段性補(bu)貼等措施對小微(wei)企業(ye)(ye)和個體工(gong)商戶(hu)實(shi)行優惠。三是(shi)(shi)繼續落實(shi)好(hao)已經出臺的支持民營企業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展、中小微(wei)企業(ye)(ye)融資(zi)、制造業(ye)(ye)投資(zi)等一系列(lie)惠企紓困措施。