国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

自新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成立以(yi)來，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)電力(li)工(gong)業管理(li)部門的(de)名稱幾經(jing)(jing)變化，從中(zhong)可以(yi)觀察出中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電力(li)工(gong)業發展的(de)脈絡，也可以(yi)看(kan)出從國(guo)(guo)家層面對我國(guo)(guo)電力(li)體(ti)制改革的(de)探索。為什么電力(li)局(ju)、供電局(ju)、電業局(ju)的(de)叫法(fa)在很多地方(fang)已(yi)成為歷史，但在普通民眾之間還流傳甚(shen)廣？實際(ji)上這種叫法(fa)是(shi)延續了很長時間的(de)，普通民眾對其已(yi)經(jing)(jing)成為一(yi)種習慣，甚(shen)至曾經(jing)(jing)國(guo)(guo)人口中(zhong)的(de)“供電局(ju)”比大多人理(li)解中(zhong)的(de)供電局(ju)的(de)含義更加廣泛。

很(hen)多人(ren)認為，從(cong)供電(dian)局(ju)到電(dian)網企業的變化，始自于2002年(nian)電(dian)力行業“廠(chang)網分離”后國(guo)家電(dian)網、南方電(dian)網和五大(da)發電(dian)集團的成立，實際(ji)上(shang)這種(zhong)認識并不全(quan)面(mian)。

一、電力工業管理部門名稱變化

首(shou)先我(wo)們來看看新中國成立后直(zhi)到1998年撤銷(xiao)電力(li)工業部，我(wo)國電力(li)工業管理部門(men)名(ming)稱的變(bian)遷史：

1955年7月30日(ri)，中華人民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)電力工業部成立。

1958年2月11日，水利部與(yu)電力工業部合并，成立中華人民共和國水利電力部。

1979年(nian)2月23日(ri)，水(shui)利電(dian)力部分設為水(shui)利部和電(dian)力工業部。

1982年3月8日，《關(guan)于國務(wu)院(yuan)機(ji)構改革(ge)問(wen)題的(de)決議》再次將水(shui)利部和電(dian)力工(gong)業部合并，第(di)二(er)次設立(li)水(shui)利電(dian)力部。

1988年，撤(che)銷水利電力部(bu)，成立能源部(bu)和(he)水利部(bu)。

1993年(nian)3月，八屆第一次全國人(ren)民代表大會(hui)通過決(jue)議，撤銷能源部，第三次成立(li)電力工(gong)業部。

1997年1月16日，國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)力(li)公司(si)正式成立。根據(ju)《國(guo)(guo)務院關于(yu)組建國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)力(li)公司(si)的(de)通知》確(que)定的(de)原則，按照政企分開的(de)要求，將電(dian)(dian)力(li)工業部(bu)所屬(shu)的(de)企事業單位劃歸國(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)力(li)公司(si)管理(li)。

1998年3月，九屆全(quan)國人大一次會(hui)議批準國務院(yuan)機(ji)構改革方(fang)案(an)，撤(che)銷電力(li)工業(ye)(ye)部，電力(li)工業(ye)(ye)的(de)政(zheng)府管理職(zhi)能并入國家經(jing)濟(ji)貿易委員會(hui)。國家電力(li)公司作為(wei)國務院(yuan)出資(zi)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)單(dan)獨運營，標志著我國電力(li)工業(ye)(ye)管理體(ti)制由計(ji)劃(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)向社會(hui)主義市場經(jing)濟(ji)轉變，實現政(zheng)企(qi)分開的(de)歷(li)史性轉折。

由此可見，雖然(ran)(ran)名字幾經變化(hua)，但是(shi)在(zai)1998年(nian)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)，在(zai)幾十年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間里我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)實(shi)質上都(dou)是(shi)根正(zheng)苗紅(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政府職(zhi)能部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)，中(zhong)央(yang)層面因為有(you)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)，省級地方政府當(dang)(dang)然(ran)(ran)也會有(you)對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)”，地市級及(ji)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)則稱(cheng)為“供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)”或(huo)(huo)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)”，因為各(ge)個(ge)地方改(gai)(gai)革同步性不同和地方特色，個(ge)別(bie)地區還存在(zai)過農電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)等稱(cheng)呼。這(zhe)說明，在(zai)1998年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)撤銷以(yi)(yi)前(qian)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)稱(cheng)呼身邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)為供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)是(shi)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)局(ju)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)(jiao)法(fa)經久(jiu)不衰(shuai)并延續至今，是(shi)因為曾經廣義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)都(dou)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)一個(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，那就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)之前(qian)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)者國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革后的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天人(ren)(ren)們(men)依然(ran)(ran)習慣于(yu)將(jiang)自己(ji)直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)并進行辦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)對接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網和南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司下(xia)屬(shu)(shu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司稱(cheng)為“供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)”。當(dang)(dang)然(ran)(ran)可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因還有(you)：南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司地市級以(yi)(yi)下(xia)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司現在(zai)也還叫(jiao)(jiao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)局(ju)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)以(yi)(yi)后也存在(zai)過區域性的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)如華北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)局(ju)等。

二、電改過程中中央企業調整

作為一(yi)個巨無霸的(de)(de)企業，國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)力公司(si)自(zi)1997年1月成(cheng)立至2002年12月被拆分僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)存在了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)到6年時間(jian)，這或許(xu)也說明國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)力公司(si)在設(she)置之初就是一(yi)個過渡性的(de)(de)制(zhi)度安排。隨著(zhu)我國社會主義市(shi)場經濟改革的(de)(de)推進，上層(ceng)建筑需要和(he)經濟基礎相(xiang)適應，為了(le)(le)(le)改革阻礙生產力發展的(de)(de)制(zhi)度因素，曾經與鐵路(lu)、民航、通(tong)訊(xun)并稱四大壟斷行業的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力行業，從2002年開始實施了(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)市(shi)場化改革，改革的(de)(de)過程是涉及政企分離、廠網(wang)分離和(he)主輔分離的(de)(de)漫長進程。

下面我們再來梳理自2002年至今，由(you)國家電力公(gong)司(si)拆分和重組而成的(de)電力企業(ye)。

2002年12月29日，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)新組建（改組）公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)成立(li)大(da)會在人民大(da)會堂召(zhao)開，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)南方(fang)電(dian)(dian)網有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)華(hua)能(neng)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)唐集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)華(hua)電(dian)(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)投資集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)程顧問集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程顧問集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)建設集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)葛洲壩(ba)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)等(deng)11家公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)正式宣(xuan)告成立(li)。2003年，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)力(li)監管(guan)委員會成立(li)，行使電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)監管(guan)職能(neng)。以此為標志，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)化改革目標初步實現。

圖：2002年電(dian)力體制改革(ge)成立電(dian)網企業格局

至(zhi)此，中國的電(dian)力(li)體制改(gai)革在(zai)形式上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)了政企分(fen)離(li)，即電(dian)力(li)工業從(cong)政府(fu)部(bu)門(men)中脫離(li)，全部(bu)由公(gong)司(si)制的企業來運行(xing)(xing)；形式上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)了廠網(wang)分(fen)離(li)，拆分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)兩個電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司(si)和五(wu)個發(fa)電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)，電(dian)廠和電(dian)網(wang)分(fen)離(li)，發(fa)電(dian)企業的市場化(hua)，競價上(shang)網(wang)；形式上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)了主輔(fu)(fu)分(fen)離(li)，成(cheng)(cheng)立了四大(da)輔(fu)(fu)業集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)。

但(dan)是實際(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力體制改革(ge)遠比(bi)想象的(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)，考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)供電(dian)安全和(he)(he)電(dian)力供應、中(zhong)國加入WTO相關條款、各方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)利益等因素，廠(chang)網分離(li)和(he)(he)主(zhu)輔分離(li)不(bu)可能完全徹(che)底地一刀切，那(nei)樣(yang)會對(dui)我國已經(jing)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較完整的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力工業(ye)(ye)造成(cheng)很大傷害(hai)。這也是為什么這么多(duo)年以來電(dian)力體制改革(ge)最(zui)為復雜(za)，時間最(zui)久，各方(fang)爭議也最(zui)大。2002年的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)改5號文(wen)到(dao)2015年的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)改9號文(wen)，從(cong)國家層(ceng)面(mian)對(dui)電(dian)力體制改革(ge)進行了很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)探索(suo)，電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重組和(he)(he)兼并也遠沒有結束。

圖：中國電力企業重(zhong)組(zu)過(guo)程

2011年(nian)9月29日(ri)，經國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批準，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)顧問(wen)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公(gong)(gong)司(si)所(suo)屬(shu)14個省（區、市(shi)）勘測(ce)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)企(qi)業、施(shi)工企(qi)業、修(xiu)造企(qi)業重(zhong)組(zu)，組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葛(ge)洲壩(ba)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工程(cheng)顧問(wen)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公(gong)(gong)司(si)所(suo)屬(shu)15個省（區、市(shi)）勘測(ce)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)企(qi)業、施(shi)工企(qi)業、修(xiu)造企(qi)業重(zhong)組(zu)，組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監督管理委員會代表國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)履行出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)職責(ze)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)顧問(wen)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)全資(zi)(zi)子公(gong)(gong)司(si)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)葛(ge)洲壩(ba)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工程(cheng)顧問(wen)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能源(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)集(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)全資(zi)(zi)子公(gong)(gong)司(si)，不再(zai)列入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)產監督管理委員會履行出資(zi)(zi)人(ren)職責(ze)的(de)企(qi)業名單。

2015年5月29日，中國電力投(tou)(tou)資集團公(gong)司與(yu)國家核電技術有限(xian)公(gong)司合并重組，成立國家電力投(tou)(tou)資集團有限(xian)公(gong)司。

2017年(nian)8月28日，經報(bao)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)批準，中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)公司（下(xia)稱(cheng)“國(guo)(guo)電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)”）與神(shen)華集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有限責任公司（下(xia)稱(cheng)“神(shen)華集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)”）合并重(zhong)組為國(guo)(guo)家能源(yuan)投資集(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)有限責任公司。

圖：中國電力企業現有格局

三、電力體制改革極為復雜

從(cong)上述對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)(li)行業國(guo)有(you)(you)(you)企業的(de)(de)(de)介紹可以看(kan)出，電(dian)力(li)(li)體制改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜程度和牽涉(she)面超(chao)乎很多(duo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)象(xiang)。自2002年到今天(tian)，接近20年的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間里，對(dui)(dui)于電(dian)力(li)(li)體制改(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)進度有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)滿(man)意，有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)滿(man)，有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)結果是好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei)改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)更不(bu)(bu)好(hao)了。在(zai)利(li)益訴求和經濟元素更加多(duo)元化的(de)(de)(de)今天(tian)，對(dui)(dui)于每個群體來(lai)說都完美的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)改(gai)政策似乎是不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)，從(cong)全局考慮國(guo)際形(xing)勢和我國(guo)國(guo)情、電(dian)網安全再去做決策就(jiu)更不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易了。

舉個(ge)例子(zi)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)之初，人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)拆(chai)分的(de)(de)呼(hu)聲很(hen)(hen)高，但(dan)一直到(dao)(dao)今天國(guo)(guo)(guo)內也(ye)只有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)“兩張網(wang)”，有(you)人(ren)(ren)認為改(gai)革是(shi)失敗(bai)的(de)(de)。其(qi)(qi)實在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)成立(li)(li)時，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)經(jing)營(ying)范圍(wei)內確(que)實設立(li)(li)了包括(kuo)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)、華中、華東(dong)(dong)等幾(ji)個(ge)區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，但(dan)是(shi)實際執行(xing)起來(lai)，發(fa)現(xian)即便將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)進行(xing)拆(chai)分，在(zai)(zai)區(qu)域范圍(wei)內依(yi)然是(shi)獨(du)立(li)(li)壟斷(duan)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，不(bu)可能將南(nan)方的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)送到(dao)(dao)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)去競(jing)爭，考慮到(dao)(dao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)這也(ye)并不(bu)是(shi)最好的(de)(de)方案，即便是(shi)南(nan)網(wang)的(de)(de)分離(li)也(ye)是(shi)有(you)其(qi)(qi)當(dang)時特定的(de)(de)歷史條件的(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際上也(ye)并沒有(you)可以借鑒的(de)(de)例子(zi)，很(hen)(hen)多發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)包括(kuo)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)都是(shi)廠網(wang)不(bu)分、輸配(pei)(pei)不(bu)分，對(dui)于主輔(fu)分離(li)則要(yao)牽涉(she)到(dao)(dao)輔(fu)業單位的(de)(de)劃轉和地(di)方政府利益的(de)(de)問題。所以對(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制(zhi)改(gai)革而(er)言，要(yao)和整個(ge)社會的(de)(de)進步、社會可承受度相匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)，同(tong)時也(ye)要(yao)和其(qi)(qi)它領域的(de)(de)改(gai)革相匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)幾(ji)個(ge)區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，也(ye)隨(sui)著華北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)拆(chai)分成為國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)華北(bei)(bei)分部和國(guo)(guo)(guo)網(wang)冀北(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)有(you)限公司(si)而(er)全(quan)部解體。

國(guo)內(nei)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)千差萬別，用(yong)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)概(gai)念包(bao)裝計劃(hua)思維的(de)(de)(de)觀點比比皆(jie)是，利用(yong)各種(zhong)概(gai)念去影響輿論(lun)以達成自己的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)人很多。在電(dian)(dian)改這件事上(shang)，幾乎所有的(de)(de)(de)當事方，包(bao)括各中(zhong)央政(zheng)府部門、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業、地方政(zheng)府和用(yong)戶，都有不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)訴求，研究一個統一的(de)(de)(de)認識理論(lun)就(jiu)(jiu)顯得格外(wai)重(zhong)(zhong)要。我們期待一個既尊重(zhong)(zhong)經濟規律，又尊重(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)改革(ge)結(jie)果，到時候無論(lun)我們對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力企業、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業報以何種(zhong)稱呼，就(jiu)(jiu)都顯得不(bu)那么重(zhong)(zhong)要了。