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近日，繼《財政(zheng)部發(fa)布關(guan)(guan)于光(guang)伏補貼拖欠問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的答復》后，國家發(fa)改委(wei)也對政(zheng)協委(wei)員(yuan)、人大代表提出的有關(guan)(guan)光(guang)伏補貼拖欠問(wen)(wen)題(ti)進行(xing)了答復，其中(zhong)主要(yao)涉(she)及以下兩(liang)份提案：

1、制發(fa)日(ri)期2019-08-22：《關于政協十三屆全(quan)國(guo)委員會(hui)第二次(ci)會(hui)議第3836號(hao)(工交郵電類421號(hao))提(ti)案(an)答復(fu)的函(han)》答復(fu)《關于加快解決光(guang)伏補貼(tie)拖欠(qian)問題的提(ti)案(an)》;

2、制(zhi)發日(ri)期2019-09-13 ：《對(dui)十(shi)三屆全國人大二(er)次(ci)會議第8439號建議的答(da)復(fu)》答(da)復(fu)《進一步優化能源補貼結構(gou)，落實平衡能源發展(zhan)缺口的提(ti)案》。

以下為文件原文：

關于政協十三屆全國委員會第二次會議

第3836號(hao)（工交郵電類421號(hao)）提(ti)案答(da)復的函

??您提出(chu)的《關(guan)于加快解決光(guang)伏(fu)補(bu)貼拖欠(qian)問題的提案》收悉(xi)。經商財政部(bu)(bu)、能源(yuan)局(ju)，現答(da)復如下。??黨中央和國(guo)(guo)務院高度重視可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)發展。按照(zhao)《中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)法》的規定，國(guo)(guo)家發展改革(ge)委、財政部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)于2006年建立了對可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)發電(dian)的補(bu)貼政策(ce)。經過“十一五”以來的持(chi)續政策(ce)支持(chi)，我國(guo)(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)產業從無到(dao)有并發展壯大，取得了巨大成就(jiu)。?

一、現行光伏電價政策??

2019年4月，我委(wei)(wei)出臺印發《國(guo)家發展(zhan)改(gai)革委(wei)(wei)關(guan)于完(wan)善(shan)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)有關(guan)問題的(de)通知(zhi)》（發改(gai)價格(ge)〔2019〕761號），文件明確(que)：一是完(wan)善(shan)集中式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成機制(zhi)。將(jiang)集中式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站標(biao)桿上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價改(gai)為(wei)指導價。將(jiang)納入(ru)國(guo)家財(cai)政(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)范圍的(de)Ⅰ~Ⅲ類資源區新(xin)增集中式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站指導價分別確(que)定為(wei)每千瓦(wa)時0.4元（含稅，下同）、0.45元、0.55元。二是適當降低新(xin)增分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)標(biao)準(zhun)。納入(ru)2019年財(cai)政(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)規模(mo)，采用(yong)(yong)“自發自用(yong)(yong)、余量(liang)(liang)上網”模(mo)式(shi)的(de)工商業分布式(shi)（即除戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)以外的(de)分布式(shi)）光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目，全發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)標(biao)準(zhun)調整(zheng)為(wei)每千瓦(wa)時0.10元；納入(ru)2019年財(cai)政(zheng)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)規模(mo)，采用(yong)(yong)“自發自用(yong)(yong)、余量(liang)(liang)上網”模(mo)式(shi)和“全額上網”模(mo)式(shi)的(de)戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)補貼(tie)(tie)(tie)標(biao)準(zhun)調整(zheng)為(wei)每千瓦(wa)時0.18元。

下(xia)一步，我們將繼續推動風電(dian)、光(guang)伏等可再生(sheng)能源發電(dian)主要通(tong)過市場形成上(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)(jia)或通(tong)過競(jing)爭性等招標方式形成補貼標準，平穩實現全面(mian)平價(jia)(jia)上(shang)網。??

二、關于出臺可再生能源配額制，建立“綠證”市場，啟動“綠證”強制性約束交易??

2019年5月，國(guo)家(jia)發展改革委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局聯合印發《關于建立(li)健全(quan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)保(bao)障機制的(de)(de)通知》（發改能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2019〕807），明(ming)確提出建立(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)保(bao)障機制。承擔消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任的(de)(de)市場(chang)主體(ti)實際消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)難以完成消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)(liang)責任權(quan)重對應的(de)(de)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)(liang)情況下(xia)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選擇通過消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)(liang)轉讓和自(zi)愿認購(gou)綠證兩種方式完成消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任權(quan)重。政策的(de)(de)出臺有利于促(cu)進(jin)各(ge)省級行政區域優先消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，同時(shi)促(cu)使各(ge)類承擔消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任的(de)(de)市場(chang)主體(ti)公(gong)平承擔消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)責任，推動建立(li)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)費引領(ling)的(de)(de)長效發展機制，促(cu)進(jin)清潔、低碳、安全(quan)、高效的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)建設。??關于簡化可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)價附加的(de)(de)征收(shou)和補貼申報、審(shen)批(pi)、撥付方式、發行國(guo)債、提高可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)補貼征收(shou)標準等(deng)建議我(wo)們(men)積(ji)極支持。??我(wo)們(men)同意您關于推進(jin)“綠證”交(jiao)易(yi)制度的(de)(de)建議。此前，我(wo)們(men)配合相(xiang)關部門(men)，已經開展了“綠證”自(zi)愿交(jiao)易(yi)工(gong)作。

下(xia)一步，我們將繼續加大(da)推進(jin)可(ke)再生能源電力配(pei)額及“綠證”強制交易工作開(kai)展力度。?

三、關于免除可再生能源電價附加在征收、發放過程中的各種稅費?

營改增(zeng)以來，我國不(bu)斷擴大納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)可抵扣進項稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)范圍，逐步(bu)將(jiang)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)購進的貨物、服務(wu)、固(gu)定資產、不(bu)動產納(na)入抵扣范圍，電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業等(deng)原(yuan)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)一直享受(shou)凈減(jian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的改革紅利。2018年5月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)起(qi)，我國將(jiang)電(dian)力(li)產品(pin)原(yuan)適用(yong)的17%稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)下(xia)調(diao)至16%，今年4月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)進一步(bu)下(xia)調(diao)至13%，在(zai)近(jin)一年的時間里，電(dian)力(li)產品(pin)增(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)由17%下(xia)調(diao)至13%，降(jiang)幅高達23.5%。下(xia)一步(bu)，我們(men)將(jiang)認真研究您提出的建議(yi)，并在(zai)今后工作中(zhong)統籌考慮。??

四、關于提高可再生能源電價附加標準??

近年(nian)來，針對可再生(sheng)能(neng)源發展(zhan)(zhan)基金缺口較大問題，可再生(sheng)能(neng)源電價(jia)附(fu)加(jia)征(zheng)收(shou)標準已多次調整，從最(zui)初的0.2分/千(qian)瓦時上(shang)調至現(xian)行(xing)的1.9分/千(qian)瓦時，提(ti)高了(le)近10倍。近年(nian)來，國家實(shi)施了(le)一(yi)系列減(jian)稅降費(fei)政策，持續減(jian)輕(qing)企業負(fu)擔。當(dang)前形(xing)勢下，暫無法提(ti)高電價(jia)附(fu)加(jia)征(zheng)收(shou)標準。下一(yi)步(bu)，我(wo)們將積極配合(he)相關部(bu)門結合(he)行(xing)業發展(zhan)(zhan)情況、企業承受能(neng)力(li)等因素適(shi)時研(yan)究有(you)關政策。??

感謝您對發展改革工作(zuo)的關心和支持(chi)。?

國家發展改革委

2019年(nian)8月22日

對十三屆全國人大二次會議第8439號建議的答復

??您提(ti)(ti)出的關于進一步優(you)化能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)結(jie)構，落實(shi)平衡能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)缺(que)口的建議，全國人大交由財政(zheng)部(bu)和我委(wei)分別辦理，現(xian)就(jiu)涉及我委(wei)職能(neng)的事項(xiang)答復如下。??近(jin)年來，我國風電、光伏(fu)等可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)取得舉世矚目的成績(ji)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電裝機(ji)和發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電量高速(su)增長(chang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電技術處(chu)于世界領先地位，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電成本不(bu)斷下降，一些(xie)地區不(bu)少新建項(xiang)目已(yi)經可(ke)以實(shi)現(xian)平價(jia)上網。可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)帶來了(le)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資金(jin)缺(que)口擴大的問題(ti)。為彌補(bu)(bu)補(bu)(bu)貼(tie)資金(jin)缺(que)口，可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電價(jia)附加征(zheng)收標準連續(xu)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高，已(yi)由最初的每千(qian)瓦時(shi)0.1分提(ti)(ti)高至1.9分。??

為了(le)(le)解(jie)決補(bu)貼資(zi)金(jin)缺口不斷(duan)擴大的(de)矛盾，除(chu)了(le)(le)前述(shu)提高可再(zai)生能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)附加外(wai)(wai)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)采取(qu)了(le)(le)綠(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力證(zheng)書、可再(zai)生能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納保(bao)障機制(zhi)等措施，但利用(yong)(yong)燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)標(biao)桿(gan)(gan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)中的(de)脫硫、脫硝、除(chu)塵(chen)等環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)空間難以操作。主要原(yuan)(yuan)因是(shi)(shi)(shi)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)對燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)實行(xing)政府(fu)定(ding)價(jia)時(shi)，脫硫、脫硝、除(chu)塵(chen)等環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)彌(mi)補(bu)燃(ran)(ran)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)投資(zi)建設(she)和運行(xing)維護(hu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)設(she)施的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)標(biao)桿(gan)(gan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)。考慮脫硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行(xing)時(shi)間，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)原(yuan)(yuan)本(ben)(ben)(ben)計劃適當(dang)降低(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)2016年(nian)第四季度(du)(du)以來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤價(jia)格大幅(fu)上漲且(qie)持續高位運行(xing)，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行(xing)業普遍經(jing)營困(kun)難，按照目(mu)前的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤價(jia)格測算需要較大幅(fu)度(du)(du)提高燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)標(biao)桿(gan)(gan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。考慮經(jing)濟(ji)下(xia)行(xing)壓力，燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)標(biao)桿(gan)(gan)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)沒(mei)有相應(ying)提高，擬降低(di)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)遠不能(neng)彌(mi)補(bu)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)需提高幅(fu)度(du)(du)。同時(shi)，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場化改革推進，大部(bu)分(fen)燃(ran)(ran)煤機組(zu)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)都(dou)通(tong)過與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶直(zhi)接交易形成(cheng)(cheng)價(jia)格，原(yuan)(yuan)來單獨核算的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)也遵循外(wai)(wai)部(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)內(nei)部(bu)化的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，由發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶協商交易電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)時(shi)一并考慮，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)不再(zai)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶籌集資(zi)金(jin)彌(mi)補(bu)燃(ran)(ran)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)資(zi)金(jin)空間自然也就無法利用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)。??

下一步(bu)，我們將配合財政部積極采取開源節流的措施，籌集可再(zai)生能源補(bu)貼(tie)資金，盡快緩解補(bu)貼(tie)資金缺口不斷(duan)擴大的矛(mao)盾。??

感(gan)謝您對發(fa)展改革(ge)工作的關心和(he)支持。??歡(huan)迎登陸(lu)我委(wei)門戶網站（www.ndrc.gov.cn），了解國家經濟(ji)和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)展政策、經濟(ji)建設和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)展情況、經濟(ji)體制(zhi)改革(ge)方面的重要信(xin)息。

國家發展改革委

2019年(nian)9月13日(ri)