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當前，我國正(zheng)處于能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)治(zhi)體(ti)系(xi)構建完善的(de)(de)關鍵時期(qi)，能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)恰(qia)逢其時。本(ben)次《能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)（征求意見稿）》邁出(chu)促進能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)的(de)(de)堅(jian)實一(yi)步，能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)能夠更好發揮法(fa)治(zhi)固根本(ben)、穩預期(qi)、利長遠的(de)(de)保障(zhang)作用，促進國家能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰略、能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展、能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)、能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)民生等重大(da)決策(ce)法(fa)律(lv)化、制度化，推(tui)動能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治(zhi)理體(ti)系(xi)和治(zhi)理能力現(xian)代化。

《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（征求意見稿）》結構合理、內容全面，遵循了(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)客觀規律(lv)，全面考量了(le)我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)現(xian)狀。特別是(shi)(shi)本法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第二條第二款“其他法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利用及(ji)監督管(guan)理另有(you)規定(ding)的(de)(de)，適用其規定(ding)”適用范圍的(de)(de)規定(ding)務(wu)實管(guan)用，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》與其他能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)相互補(bu)充的(de)(de)思路，實現(xian)了(le)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》與其他能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)單行(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)調(diao)整對象的(de)(de)各(ge)有(you)側(ce)重，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規范的(de)(de)無縫銜(xian)接,是(shi)(shi)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)工作與時俱(ju)進(jin)的(de)(de)突(tu)出表現(xian)。

能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關系(xi)國家(jia)(jia)安全與基本民生(sheng)，涉及(ji)面(mian)(mian)廣泛(fan)、行業眾多(duo)，面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)的(de)形勢和問(wen)題具有多(duo)樣性(xing)和復雜性(xing)，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法需統籌(chou)和考量(liang)的(de)因素較多(duo)，包括(kuo)：要(yao)(yao)落實(shi)國家(jia)(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略政策，協調一、二次能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種相互關系(xi)；要(yao)(yao)做到能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法與能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改革有效銜接；要(yao)(yao)協調好政府、企業、用(yong)戶(hu)等(deng)多(duo)元能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主體之間權責關系(xi)；要(yao)(yao)構(gou)建完善能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略、規劃(hua)、供應、使用(yong)等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)節的(de)制度安排；要(yao)(yao)保障國內能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應，加強能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)國際(ji)合(he)作，維護國家(jia)(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全等(deng)。

立足于能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)乎(hu)基本(ben)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)屬性，保(bao)護(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)原則(ze)應(ying)(ying)是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)的(de)(de)根本(ben)。《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》應(ying)(ying)固化(hua)我國“始終(zhong)把保(bao)障民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)放在首(shou)位”的(de)(de)原則(ze)，明確(que)保(bao)護(hu)公民(min)(min)(min)(min)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)的(de)(de)立法(fa)導(dao)向。黨的(de)(de)十九大(da)報(bao)告(gao)強調“堅持以人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)為中心的(de)(de)發展(zhan)思(si)想”，“使(shi)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)獲得感(gan)、幸福感(gan)、安(an)全感(gan)更(geng)(geng)加充實、更(geng)(geng)有保(bao)障、更(geng)(geng)可持續”。滿足人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)美好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)需要，確(que)保(bao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾“用(yong)上(shang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、用(yong)好(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)”是以人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)為中心的(de)(de)發展(zhan)思(si)想在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要體現，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立法(fa)應(ying)(ying)更(geng)(geng)加注重(zhong)保(bao)障和改(gai)善(shan)公民(min)(min)(min)(min)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)，將保(bao)護(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)理念貫穿立法(fa)始終(zhong)。

明確保護能源開發利用主體的合法權益的立法目的

《能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法》作為能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)法律，立法目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)不宜僅(jin)包括規范(fan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發利用(yong)和監督管理，還應注重保護能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發利用(yong)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)法權益(yi)。這是構(gou)建能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市場、保障和規范(fan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全、平衡(heng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)利益(yi)關系的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。鑒于維(wei)護能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)體(ti)合(he)法權益(yi)重要(yao)(yao)性和導向性，建議在(zai)立法目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)中旗幟(zhi)鮮(xian)明(ming)予以明(ming)確，為能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)民生保障制度安(an)排、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)各(ge)主(zhu)體(ti)各(ge)權利義務平衡(heng)等指明(ming)方向。

完善能源普遍服務制度保障公民基本生活用能需要

征求意見稿首次規定(ding)(ding)了能(neng)(neng)源普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)，同時強調(diao)連(lian)續穩定(ding)(ding)供(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)，即“承擔電力、燃氣和(he)熱力等能(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)企業(ye)，應(ying)(ying)當保障營業(ye)區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)的(de)(de)用戶獲得安全(quan)、持續和(he)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，沒有法定(ding)(ding)或(huo)者(zhe)約定(ding)(ding)事由不得拒絕或(huo)者(zhe)中斷能(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)”，進一步(bu)保護公(gong)民(min)享(xiang)有基本(ben)能(neng)(neng)源服(fu)務(wu)(wu)權(quan)益(yi)，回應(ying)(ying)社會關(guan)切，對保障民(min)生能(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)具有深遠影響。綜合考察能(neng)(neng)源發展歷史和(he)各國實踐，能(neng)(neng)源普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)屬于國家基本(ben)公(gong)共服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，政府(fu)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)源普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)責任(ren)主體(ti)，公(gong)民(min)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)源普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)對象。

提供能源普遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)范圍應限定(ding)(ding)為基本生活(huo)需求，超過基本生活(huo)以外的(de)用能需求不應由國家保(bao)障(zhang)。普遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)可以由政(zheng)府直接(jie)提供，也可以通過各類企業落實。國家應制定(ding)(ding)政(zheng)策標準，建立(li)完善企業實施普遍(bian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)成本補償機制。

建(jian)議《能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)》立法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)保(bao)護公民享有(you)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)權益(yi)作(zuo)為出發點，進(jin)一步明(ming)確和細化能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)內涵、主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)及權責，更好地(di)保(bao)障公民享有(you)基本(ben)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應與服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。基于(yu)此，建(jian)議優(you)化能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)制(zhi)度規定(ding)“國(guo)家健全能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機制(zhi)，保(bao)障公民獲(huo)得生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需的(de)最基本(ben)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應與服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。”“各(ge)級政府及能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)承擔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)責任(ren)，保(bao)障所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)公民能(neng)(neng)夠以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)理價格獲(huo)得生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)需的(de)最基本(ben)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應與服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)可以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)企(qi)業實施(shi)，國(guo)家對提供(gong)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)企(qi)業，采取措施(shi)給予補償。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)(pu)遍(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)補償的(de)具體(ti)辦法(fa)(fa)，由國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)會同國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)有(you)關部(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定(ding)。”

發揮立法的規范指引作用豐富能源主體用能選擇權

黨的(de)十八屆三中(zhong)(zhong)全會決定(ding)(ding)指(zhi)(zhi)出“使(shi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)在資源配置中(zhong)(zhong)起決定(ding)(ding)性(xing)作用(yong)。”堅定(ding)(ding)不移推進(jin)改革，還(huan)原能(neng)源商品屬性(xing)，構建(jian)有(you)效競爭(zheng)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)結構和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)體(ti)系是能(neng)源改革的(de)主要方向。當(dang)前正處于(yu)能(neng)源市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化建(jian)設初(chu)期，能(neng)源市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)在不斷設計和完(wan)(wan)善。應充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮能(neng)源立法對(dui)改革的(de)規范和保障作用(yong)，避免過渡階段因市(shi)(shi)場(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)設計不完(wan)(wan)備(bei)等(deng)因素(su)，損害用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)能(neng)權益。應充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮能(neng)源立法的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)引(yin)作用(yong)，豐富用(yong)戶(hu)對(dui)能(neng)源品種和供應商的(de)選擇。

一(yi)是做好能源(yuan)立法(fa)與改(gai)革(ge)有效(xiao)(xiao)銜接(jie)。《中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)關于全面推進依法(fa)治(zhi)國若(ruo)干重大問題的(de)決定》指出，要實現(xian)立法(fa)和(he)(he)改(gai)革(ge)決策相銜接(jie)，做到重大決策于法(fa)有據，立法(fa)主動(dong)適應(ying)改(gai)革(ge)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)需要。實踐(jian)證明(ming)行(xing)(xing)之有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)，要及時(shi)上升(sheng)為法(fa)律；實踐(jian)條件(jian)還不成(cheng)熟、需要“先行(xing)(xing)先試”的(de)，要按照(zhao)法(fa)定程序(xu)(xu)作出授權。《能源(yuan)法(fa)》應(ying)當做好與能源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)發展(zhan)相銜接(jie)，推動(dong)能源(yuan)體制改(gai)革(ge)，發揮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)在(zai)資源(yuan)配置中(zhong)的(de)決定性作用。建議立法(fa)工作中(zhong)嚴格遵(zun)循(xun)中(zhong)央(yang)制定的(de)改(gai)革(ge)方(fang)案和(he)(he)意見，保障(zhang)改(gai)革(ge)積(ji)極(ji)、穩妥、有序(xu)(xu)地推進落實，對于各方(fang)已達成(cheng)共(gong)識(shi)的(de)改(gai)革(ge)成(cheng)果應(ying)及時(shi)在(zai)能源(yuan)立法(fa)中(zhong)予以(yi)(yi)固化(hua)，對于改(gai)革(ge)試點仍在(zai)探討的(de)問題待條件(jian)成(cheng)熟后再予以(yi)(yi)體現(xian)。

二(er)是(shi)對能(neng)源市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的概念可予以(yi)界定，避(bi)免引起混淆。目前征求(qiu)意(yi)見稿有諸多關(guan)于能(neng)源市場(chang)(chang)(chang)的表述，其中第(di)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉(she)及(ji)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體。第(di)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)八章第(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)４條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉(she)及(ji)國際、國內能(neng)源市場(chang)(chang)(chang)。第(di)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉(she)及(ji)能(neng)源市場(chang)(chang)(chang)運行秩序。第(di)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉(she)及(ji)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)關(guan)系、市場(chang)(chang)(chang)供(gong)求(qiu)狀態。第(di)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)涉(she)及(ji)投資經營市場(chang)(chang)(chang)準入、市場(chang)(chang)(chang)規則。

三(san)是(shi)將“能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺”修改(gai)為(wei)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺”，避(bi)免產生混淆。征求意(yi)(yi)見稿第(di)六(liu)十五條(tiao)“國(guo)家(jia)區(qu)分不(bu)同能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)種特(te)性(xing)，推(tui)動(dong)煤炭、電(dian)力、石(shi)油、天然氣等能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建(jian)設(she)，建(jian)立主(zhu)體多元、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)開放、競(jing)爭有(you)序、有(you)效監管的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場體系，實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)在更大(da)范圍(wei)的(de)優(you)(you)化配(pei)置。國(guo)家(jia)推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)立功能(neng)(neng)(neng)完(wan)善、獨立運(yun)營(ying)、規(gui)范運(yun)行(xing)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺，鼓勵發展各種有(you)效的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)方式(shi)和交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)品(pin)種。”本條(tiao)第(di)一(yi)(yi)款規(gui)定能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建(jian)設(she)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是(shi)“實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)在更大(da)范圍(wei)的(de)優(you)(you)化配(pei)置”。第(di)二款規(gui)定建(jian)立交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場建(jian)設(she)的(de)手段之一(yi)(yi)。因(yin)此(ci)，“能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺”比“能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構或交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)平臺”的(de)表意(yi)(yi)更加準(zhun)確。

四是增加用(yong)戶(hu)對供應(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)。還原能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)商(shang)品屬(shu)性有(you)利于擴大(da)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)，實現(xian)人民(min)群眾由(you)“用(yong)上能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”向“用(yong)好能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主體(ti)(ti)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)包括能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)戶(hu)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)和(he)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)，目前(qian)《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法》已(yi)有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)的(de)(de)規(gui)定，但沒有(you)對用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)相關闡述。建(jian)議在(zai)六(liu)十五(wu)條第二款規(gui)定“國(guo)家推動(dong)建(jian)立(li)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完善、獨立(li)運(yun)營、規(gui)范運(yun)行的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機構或交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)平臺，鼓勵(li)發展各種(zhong)有(you)效的(de)(de)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)方式(shi)和(he)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)品種(zhong)，推動(dong)用(yong)戶(hu)對供應(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)自主選(xuan)(xuan)擇權(quan)。”

規范能源互聯網建設和發展滿足用戶多元的能源訴求

能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網（智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)）是能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型升(sheng)級和現(xian)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系建設(she)的重點，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)用戶多元的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)訴求，豐富(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)用戶的體(ti)驗，符(fu)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命(ming)與數字革(ge)命(ming)的趨勢，已經成為(wei)世界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行業內外的共(gong)識，建議在《能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)法》中增加規范和保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網建設(she)的法律(lv)規制，為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型升(sheng)級和現(xian)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系建設(she)提供(gong)立(li)法指引。

同(tong)時，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設引領能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產清潔化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)智慧化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)治理現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)合作國(guo)際化(hua)(hua)(hua)，也必(bi)然導(dao)致法律(lv)關系多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、法律(lv)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)復雜化(hua)(hua)(hua)，需要(yao)與之(zhi)(zhi)相配套(tao)的(de)(de)法律(lv)規(gui)(gui)制(zhi)予以規(gui)(gui)范和(he)保障(zhang)。建(jian)議(yi)(yi)明晰政(zheng)府部門(men)、傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企業、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主體、用(yong)戶等各方(fang)權責，提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)等傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)絡資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)配置能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)特別(bie)是(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，解決能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)清潔低碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)轉型加速與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)投資(zi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)大、建(jian)設周期長之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。建(jian)議(yi)(yi)識別(bie)分析防(fang)范能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)商業模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)法律(lv)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)，創設保障(zhang)市(shi)場(chang)安全的(de)(de)法律(lv)制(zhi)度，適(shi)應(ying)業態創新對市(shi)場(chang)驅動要(yao)求高與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)商業模(mo)式(shi)還不完善之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾。

規范政府監管職責邊界保障用戶用能權利

加強(qiang)政(zheng)府部(bu)門監管是《能源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》立(li)法(fa)的重要內容(rong)，推進簡政(zheng)放(fang)權是國(guo)家(jia)釋放(fang)能源(yuan)(yuan)市場(chang)活力和社(she)會創(chuang)造力的重要手(shou)段，《能源(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》立(li)法(fa)應(ying)當平衡兩者間(jian)的關系。首先明確政(zheng)府監管職責邊(bian)界，注重發揮市場(chang)機制和社(she)會自律，保護能源(yuan)(yuan)開發利(li)用主體的合法(fa)權益，從而有效保障和規(gui)范能源(yuan)(yuan)開發利(li)用秩序。

一是建(jian)議進(jin)一步對(dui)照中央改革(ge)政(zheng)策文件，明確(que)政(zheng)府(fu)的職責(ze)范圍、權力邊(bian)界(jie)，重點明確(que)政(zheng)府(fu)的權力邊(bian)界(jie)與政(zheng)府(fu)以外(wai)的市(shi)場主體(ti)禁止(zhi)性行為。公(gong)開征求(qiu)意見稿涉及不同(tong)層級、十余個政(zheng)府(fu)部門(men)，建(jian)議對(dui)政(zheng)府(fu)主體(ti)的部分(fen)表述予以明確(que)，避免《能源法》適(shi)用中的交(jiao)叉監(jian)管(guan)或監(jian)管(guan)空白。

本(ben)稿涉及的政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要包括：國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、縣級(ji)以(yi)上地方人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)依(yi)照本(ben)法和本(ben)級(ji)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府（第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)標準化行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和有(you)關(guan)行(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展改革部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。省級(ji)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；有(you)關(guan)省級(ji)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府（第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、價格(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）、管理節能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作的部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自然資源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及其他有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)指定(ding)的部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和省級(ji)教育行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及相關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)投資主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和國(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；監管機構（第(di)(di)(di)(di)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）；計量行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)（第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)百(bai)零(ling)六條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)）等。

中(zhong)國特色(se)社會主義法(fa)治建(jian)設的(de)根本目的(de)是(shi)保障人(ren)民(min)(min)權益，“用上能(neng)、用好(hao)能(neng)”是(shi)滿(man)足人(ren)民(min)(min)日益增長的(de)美(mei)好(hao)生活需要的(de)重要組(zu)成。要優化和(he)完善《能(neng)源(yuan)法(fa)》對能(neng)源(yuan)民(min)(min)生的(de)立法(fa)目的(de)、立法(fa)原則、制度安排的(de)規定，進一步(bu)豐富我國關乎基本民(min)(min)生的(de)法(fa)律(lv)制度體(ti)系，不(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)人(ren)民(min)(min)群眾獲得感、幸福感和(he)安全感。