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近日，國家發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)(gai)革(ge)委發(fa)(fa)布《關(guan)于深化燃煤發(fa)(fa)電上網電價(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的指(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)》（以下簡稱(cheng)《指(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)》），將(jiang)現(xian)(xian)行(xing)燃煤發(fa)(fa)電標桿電價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)為“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)+上下浮(fu)(fu)動”的市場化價(jia)(jia)格機制(zhi)。在過渡期，基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)按當地現(xian)(xian)行(xing)燃煤發(fa)(fa)電標桿上網電價(jia)(jia)確(que)定，浮(fu)(fu)動幅(fu)度范圍為上浮(fu)(fu)不(bu)超過10%、下浮(fu)(fu)原則上不(bu)超過15%，國家發(fa)(fa)改(gai)(gai)委根據(ju)市場發(fa)(fa)展適時對基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)和浮(fu)(fu)動幅(fu)度范圍進行(xing)調整。這是電價(jia)(jia)市場化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的又一重(zhong)要舉措(cuo)。

一、“燃煤發電標桿上網電價+煤電價格聯動”機制的積極作用和存在問題

現行燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)及(ji)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)聯動(dong)機(ji)制，在(zai)(zai)廠(chang)網(wang)分開后(hou)至(zhi)開展大(da)規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直接交易之(zhi)前的十余(yu)年間，有(you)效地促進了(le)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)管制規范(fan)化，以(yi)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)為(wei)基礎的核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)以(yi)及(ji)跨區送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)體系(xi)形成(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)一定程度上疏(shu)導了(le)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)矛盾(dun)。在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨(huo)市場機(ji)制的情況下，起到(dao)了(le)保(bao)障絕大(da)部分發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量成(cheng)本回收的作用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)實行有(you)序放(fang)開發用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力中長(chang)期市場建設后(hou)，燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)桿上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)還被視為(wei)市場參考價(jia)格(ge)。

但是，作為(wei)政府定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)及(ji)其價(jia)(jia)格調整機制，“燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)+煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格聯(lian)動”機制存在不(bu)能及(ji)時、有效反映市場(chang)供需的弊端。目前，大約50%的燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)都(dou)已(yi)經通過市場(chang)交(jiao)易機制形(xing)成，原有核(he)定(ding)(ding)燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的基礎參數(shu)都(dou)發(fa)生了變化(hua)(hua)。同(tong)時，隨著(zhu)放開(kai)發(fa)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)計劃改革的深化(hua)(hua)，在尚未(wei)建立電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨市場(chang)的情況下(xia)，一般工商(shang)(shang)業電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)（或代(dai)理其購電(dian)(dian)的售電(dian)(dian)公司，以下(xia)同(tong)）進(jin)入市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)后采用(yong)(yong)與大工業電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)同(tong)樣的電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制，會引(yin)起新(xin)(xin)的交(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼等問題。要(yao)破解這些難題，迫切(qie)需要(yao)對燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)動機制進(jin)行市場(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革，為(wei)工商(shang)(shang)業用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)進(jin)入市場(chang)設計開(kai)辟新(xin)(xin)的路(lu)徑。

二、建立“基準價+上下浮動”機制有助于促進電力乃至能源市場體系建設

實行(xing)“基準價(jia)+上下浮動(dong)”機制(zhi)有(you)(you)別于(yu)原有(you)(you)的“燃煤發電(dian)標桿(gan)上網電(dian)價(jia)+煤電(dian)價(jia)格聯動(dong)機制(zhi)”，實質在于(yu)，上下浮動(dong)幅(fu)度(du)是(shi)由市場機制(zhi)形成(cheng)的，不(bu)是(shi)政府調價(jia)行(xing)為，是(shi)市場主體自愿(yuan)交易的結果(guo)；不(bu)僅能有(you)(you)效反映電(dian)力(li)生產(chan)成(cheng)本，還能有(you)(you)效反映電(dian)力(li)需求彈性，而且時(shi)效性強，有(you)(you)助于(yu)促進(jin)電(dian)力(li)上下游(you)全產(chan)業鏈的市場機制(zhi)的協同和完善。

用市場形成價(jia)格機制取代了以煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)動為(wei)基(ji)礎的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)調整(zheng)機制，不再執行煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格聯(lian)動機制，更有利于促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力上(shang)下游(you)產(chan)業及(ji)其市場的(de)協(xie)同(tong)發展(zhan)，促進我國現(xian)代能源(yuan)(yuan)市場體系的(de)構(gou)建、發展(zhan)和完(wan)善。同(tong)時，考慮到平穩(wen)(wen)過渡以及(ji)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)形成機制的(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)，基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)在(zai)過渡期(qi)按當地現(xian)行燃(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)桿(gan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)水平確定(ding)(ding)，原先各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)參(can)(can)考當地燃(ran)煤標(biao)桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)確定(ding)(ding)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)，改為(wei)參(can)(can)考基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)。

三、現有電力市場體系下“基準價+上下浮動”機制可促進發用電計劃放開、加快電力市場建設

目前，我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)尚未建立，大(da)(da)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格(ge)(ge)，普遍是通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)期市場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)現(xian)貨(huo)市場(chang)(chang)運行前，仍然是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)化的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)階段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)期市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)價格(ge)(ge)不(bu)能反映不(bu)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)（特別(bie)是大(da)(da)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)）用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)所(suo)致的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本差(cha)異。在(zai)這種情(qing)況(kuang)下，如果大(da)(da)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)期交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，就會(hui)(hui)是同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)(ge)水(shui)平(ping)，那么，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面會(hui)(hui)造成(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價交(jiao)叉(cha)補貼問題，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面，在(zai)全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量供需相(xiang)對(dui)寬松、燃煤(mei)機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小時數低于(yu)(yu)正常水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢(shi)下，就會(hui)(hui)造成(cheng)已經(jing)進(jin)入市場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格(ge)(ge)上升(sheng)，或者煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)無法回收容量成(cheng)本、嚴(yan)重(zhong)虧損。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)實(shi)行“基準(zhun)價+上下浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)”機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，可以(yi)使(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)長(chang)期交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)價格(ge)(ge)在(zai)相(xiang)對(dui)合理范圍（即上浮(fu)不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)10%、下浮(fu)不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)15%），防止價格(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)幅度波(bo)動(dong)(dong)，落實(shi)有序(xu)放開(kai)發(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)，有利于(yu)(yu)與交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)體(ti)系較(jiao)完善的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)價格(ge)(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)有機(ji)銜接，促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)平(ping)穩(wen)、可持續發(fa)展。

四、“基準價+上下浮動”機制包含多種具體的合同價格形式或合同定價公式

“基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)”機(ji)制，是一種靈活的(de)、中長(chang)期(qi)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)制，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以演(yan)化為(wei)很多具體的(de)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)形式(shi)。對(dui)于(yu)場內中長(chang)期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，這個機(ji)制相當于(yu)限(xian)定了市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)限(xian)和下(xia)(xia)限(xian)。對(dui)于(yu)雙邊合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以通過合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)約定為(wei)固(gu)定值，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以是與場內中長(chang)期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)掛鉤的(de)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)公式(shi)，或(huo)者(zhe)是與上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)游產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)（指數）掛鉤等(deng)(deng)定價(jia)(jia)公式(shi)。實際上(shang)(shang)(shang)，在(zai)簽訂(ding)電(dian)力(li)中長(chang)期(qi)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，利用(yong)靈活的(de)“基準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)”合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)機(ji)制，發電(dian)企(qi)業可(ke)(ke)(ke)以降低(di)因(yin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游煤炭市(shi)(shi)(shi)場價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)造成(cheng)履(lv)約合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而虧損的(de)風險，電(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)(ke)以在(zai)自(zi)身(shen)產(chan)品(pin)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場形勢(shi)不佳時提(ti)升(sheng)一定的(de)競爭力(li)，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

五、“基準價+上下浮動”機制的執行范圍和形式應因地制宜

“基準價(jia)+上(shang)下(xia)(xia)浮(fu)動”機制，主(zhu)要是針對(dui)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)由發電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業、售電(dian)(dian)公司(si)、電(dian)(dian)力用戶等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)通過場(chang)(chang)外雙(shuang)邊交(jiao)易(yi)或場(chang)(chang)內集中競(jing)價(jia)（含(han)掛牌交(jiao)易(yi)）等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化方式形(xing)成的(de)電(dian)(dian)力中長(chang)期合同；具(ju)體(ti)(ti)執(zhi)行范圍和形(xing)式，應因地(di)(di)制宜。以下(xia)(xia)兩種情況對(dui)應的(de)燃(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量，仍執(zhi)行基準價(jia)：一(yi)是暫不(bu)具(ju)備市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)條件(jian)或沒有(you)參(can)與市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)工商業用戶用電(dian)(dian)對(dui)應的(de)燃(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量；二是居(ju)民(min)、農業用戶用電(dian)(dian)對(dui)應的(de)燃(ran)煤(mei)發電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量。各地(di)(di)、各市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)還可根據(ju)本地(di)(di)、本企(qi)業實際選擇適宜的(de)合同價(jia)格形(xing)式或合同定價(jia)公式。

六、配套改革政策明確

“基準價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下(xia)浮動(dong)”機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取代“燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)+煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格聯(lian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是針對市場化燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)價(jia)(jia)格機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)，但(dan)我國發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策、各類型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、跨省(sheng)跨區送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、銷售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輔助服務價(jia)(jia)格形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和交叉(cha)補貼調整機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，都是在燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基礎上(shang)建立的(de)，因此，《指導意見》明確了相(xiang)應的(de)配套改革(ge)(ge)措施來保(bao)(bao)障燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)標桿(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)具有可實(shi)施性，具體包括：

對環保電(dian)價(jia)(jia)，《指(zhi)導意(yi)見》明確指(zhi)出，執(zhi)行“基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)+上(shang)下浮動”價(jia)(jia)格機制(zhi)的(de)燃煤發電(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)量，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)包含(han)脫(tuo)硫(liu)、脫(tuo)硝、除塵(chen)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)。仍(reng)由(you)電(dian)網(wang)企業保障供應的(de)電(dian)量，在執(zhi)行基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，繼(ji)續(xu)執(zhi)行現行超(chao)低排放電(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策。燃煤發電(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)量和(he)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)完全放開(kai)由(you)市(shi)場形成的(de)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)包含(han)脫(tuo)硫(liu)、脫(tuo)硝、除塵(chen)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)超(chao)低排放電(dian)價(jia)(jia)。

對各類型電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)上網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)和跨(kua)省跨(kua)區送電(dian)價(jia)格形成機(ji)制，《指(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)》明確指(zhi)出，新能源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)上網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)，高出當地基(ji)(ji)準價(jia)的(de)部分，按程(cheng)序申請(qing)國家可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)基(ji)(ji)金補貼(tie)；其余部分，由省級電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)結(jie)算(suan)。核電(dian)、燃(ran)氣(qi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)和跨(kua)省跨(kua)區送電(dian)價(jia)格形成機(ji)制，參考(kao)燃(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)標桿(gan)上網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)價(jia)的(de)，改(gai)為參考(kao)基(ji)(ji)準價(jia)。

對電力(li)輔助服務價(jia)格形(xing)成機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，《指導(dao)意見》明確指出(chu)，燃(ran)煤機(ji)組(zu)參(can)與的調峰、調頻、備用、黑(hei)啟動等輔助服務，要通(tong)過市場機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)成價(jia)格，以補償(chang)燃(ran)煤機(ji)組(zu)合理(li)成本。對于燃(ran)煤機(ji)組(zu)發(fa)電利用小時數嚴(yan)重偏(pian)低的省(sheng)份(fen)，可建立容(rong)(rong)量(liang)補償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，容(rong)(rong)量(liang)電價(jia)和電量(liang)電價(jia)通(tong)過市場化(hua)方式形(xing)成。

對(dui)銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制(zhi)，《指導(dao)意見(jian)》明確指出，今后銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)成機制(zhi)主(zhu)要有(you)兩類：一(yi)是(shi)通過(guo)市場化(hua)方式(shi)形(xing)成上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)（即通過(guo)市場機制(zhi)購電(dian)(dian)）的(de)工商業用戶(hu)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格，由市場化(hua)方式(shi)形(xing)成的(de)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)（即購買電(dian)(dian)能量的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格）、輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)（含交叉補貼和線(xian)損）、政府(fu)性基(ji)金，不再(zai)執行目錄電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。二是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)網企業保(bao)障供應的(de)用戶(hu)用電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格，繼(ji)續(xu)執行各地目錄電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，保(bao)持居民、農(nong)業用電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格基(ji)本穩定。

對交叉補(bu)貼調整機(ji)制，《指(zhi)導意見(jian)》明(ming)確指(zhi)出，為了保障居民、農業(ye)用(yong)電價格的(de)基本(ben)穩定，在實行“基準價+上下浮動”價格機(ji)制后，引起(qi)的(de)電網企業(ye)新增損益，計入交叉補(bu)貼費用(yong)，在核定電網輸配(pei)電價時(shi)統籌考慮。