7月25日,國家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)召開新聞(wen)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)會介紹我國能(neng)源(yuan)形(xing)勢。國家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)發(fa)(fa)展規劃司司長李福龍表示,上半年(nian),我國經(jing)濟運行(xing)總體(ti)平(ping)穩,高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展取得(de)積(ji)極進展,能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)保障能(neng)力不斷提(ti)升,能(neng)源(yuan)民(min)生(sheng)保障持(chi)續改(gai)善(shan)。
原油產量扭轉下滑態勢
據統(tong)計,今(jin)年上半年,我國(guo)油氣(qi)增儲上產(chan)取得積(ji)極進展(zhan)。全國(guo)原油產(chan)量9539萬(wan)噸,同(tong)比增長(chang)0.8%,扭轉了近3年的下滑態勢;天然氣(qi)產(chan)量864.1億立方(fang)米(mi),同(tong)比增長(chang)10.3%。
電力方(fang)面,上半年,全國累計新增電力裝機4074萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)。其中,水(shui)電182萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),風電909萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),光伏(fu)發(fa)電1140萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),核(he)電125萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa),非化石能源發(fa)電裝機占(zhan)增量的58.4%。
非(fei)化(hua)石能源(yuan)發電比(bi)(bi)(bi)重持續提升(sheng)。截至(zhi)6月底(di),全國6000千(qian)瓦及以上發電裝(zhuang)機中,非(fei)化(hua)石能源(yuan)裝(zhuang)機占比(bi)(bi)(bi)達37.2%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)去年同期提高1.2個百(bai)分點;非(fei)化(hua)石能源(yuan)發電量占比(bi)(bi)(bi)27.3%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)去年同期提高2.1個百(bai)分點。
能源(yuan)補(bu)短板領域投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)大(da)幅(fu)增(zeng)(zeng)長。今年(nian)上半(ban)年(nian),油氣開采業投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長34.1%,較去年(nian)同期(qi)加快(kuai)31.3個百分點。可(ke)再生能源(yuan)發電投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長36.3%。能源(yuan)行業投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)對全社會投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)的貢獻上升。上半(ban)年(nian),能源(yuan)行業累計投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長1.9%,占全國固(gu)定投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)比(bi)(bi)重提(ti)高至4.5%。
用電量增速回落
用電(dian)量是經濟的(de)(de)“晴雨表(biao)”。今年上半年,全社(she)會用電(dian)量同比增長5.0%,低于2018年8.5%的(de)(de)全年用電(dian)增速。對此(ci),李(li)福(fu)龍表(biao)示(shi),雖然用電(dian)增速較(jiao)(jiao)去年有所回落,但仍然是近(jin)年來相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)增速。近(jin)年來,我國產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構不斷優(you)化,服務(wu)業(ye)比重持續提升(sheng),經濟結(jie)構的(de)(de)變(bian)化在電(dian)力消費方(fang)面表(biao)現得尤為(wei)明顯。
從用(yong)電(dian)結(jie)構看(kan),今年(nian)上(shang)(shang)半年(nian),三產和(he)居民(min)生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)比(bi)重合計為(wei)31%,比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)同期提高1.2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian);二產用(yong)電(dian)比(bi)重為(wei)68%,較去(qu)年(nian)同期下(xia)降1.2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。從貢獻(xian)率看(kan),三產和(he)居民(min)生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)合計上(shang)(shang)拉用(yong)電(dian)增長(chang)2.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian),貢獻(xian)率為(wei)56.5%,比(bi)去(qu)年(nian)同期提高14個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。
從新(xin)舊動能轉換看,今年上(shang)半年,先進制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、高(gao)新(xin)技(ji)術產業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)保(bao)持較快增(zeng)長,如專用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、電(dian)氣(qi)機械和器(qi)材制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)增(zeng)速均(jun)超過或(huo)接近6%,信息(xi)傳輸(shu)/軟件和信息(xi)技(ji)術服務業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)增(zeng)長超過13%,帶動新(xin)興(xing)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)增(zeng)長4.9%,高(gao)于制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)增(zeng)速1.5個百分點。
李福龍表示,從(cong)國(guo)際經驗看(kan),產業(ye)結構轉型(xing)、服(fu)務業(ye)比重提升的過(guo)程通(tong)常(chang)伴隨著(zhu)用電(dian)(dian)增速下降,因此,當前和今后一段時間(jian),用電(dian)(dian)量從(cong)前些年的高速增長(chang)階(jie)(jie)段“換擋(dang)”至(zhi)當前的中速增長(chang)階(jie)(jie)段是必然(ran)趨勢。
棄水棄風棄光狀況持續緩解
今年(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian),國家能源(yuan)局通過(guo)建立健全可(ke)(ke)再生能源(yuan)電(dian)力消(xiao)納保障機制,進一步完善新能源(yuan)發電(dian)項目競爭性配置機制,積極采取措施加大力度消(xiao)納可(ke)(ke)再生能源(yuan),棄(qi)水棄(qi)風棄(qi)光狀(zhuang)況持續緩解。
在裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)方(fang)面,截至6月(yue)底,我國(guo)可再生能(neng)源發電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)達(da)7.5億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa),同比增長9.5%。其中(zhong),水(shui)電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)3.54億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)為(wei)2999萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa));風電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)1.93億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa);光伏發電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)1.86億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa);生物質(zhi)發電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)1995萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。
在可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源利用水平方(fang)面,今(jin)年(nian)上(shang)半年(nian),可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源發電量(liang)達8879億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)14%。其中,水電5138億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)11.8%;風電2145億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)11.5%;光伏發電1067億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)30%;生(sheng)(sheng)物質發電529億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)21.3%。與此同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi),全國棄(qi)風率(lv)4.7%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比下降(jiang)4個(ge)百分點;棄(qi)光率(lv)2.4%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)比下降(jiang)1.2個(ge)百分點。
今年5月,國家(jia)能(neng)源局(ju)(ju)發(fa)布了《關(guan)于2019年風電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目建設(she)有關(guan)事項的通(tong)知》,啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)了2019年光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)國家(jia)補(bu)貼競價(jia)項目申(shen)報工作。“實行光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)補(bu)貼競價(jia)是光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)建設(she)管理政(zheng)(zheng)策的一次重大改革和創新。”國家(jia)能(neng)源局(ju)(ju)新能(neng)源和可再生能(neng)源司副司長李(li)創軍表(biao)示,該政(zheng)(zheng)策推動(dong)(dong)了光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目補(bu)貼退坡,今年納入補(bu)貼競價(jia)范(fan)圍項目名(ming)單(dan)平均度電(dian)(dian)補(bu)貼強度約為0.0645元/千瓦(wa)時,與采用指(zhi)導價(jia)相比下降了50%以上。