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強化系統本質安全持續保障穩定運行

中國工程院院士  舒印彪

習近平總書記強調(diao)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)保障和(he)(he)安(an)全事關國計(ji)民生(sheng)，是須(xu)臾不可忽視(shi)的“國之(zhi)大(da)者”。黨中央提出“雙(shuang)碳”目標以來，各行各業迅速行動，積極推動建(jian)設(she)(she)清潔低碳、安(an)全充裕、經濟(ji)高(gao)效、供需協同、靈活(huo)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的新型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)生(sheng)產結(jie)構、運行機(ji)理(li)、功能(neng)(neng)形態等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)深刻復(fu)雜變化(hua)，面(mian)臨(lin)電(dian)力(li)保供與系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定兩大(da)安(an)全挑戰(zhan)。一方面(mian)，電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構由(you)可控(kong)(kong)連續出力(li)的煤電(dian)裝機(ji)占主導向(xiang)(xiang)強不確定性、弱(ruo)可控(kong)(kong)出力(li)的新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝機(ji)占主導轉變，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)“靠天吃飯”，對電(dian)力(li)保障支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)，同時未來較長一段時期(qi)內(nei)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)費仍將剛性增(zeng)長，負荷特性由(you)剛性、純消(xiao)費型向(xiang)(xiang)柔性、生(sheng)產與消(xiao)費兼具型轉變，發(fa)電(dian)和(he)(he)負荷隨(sui)機(ji)性、波動性增(zeng)強，電(dian)力(li)供需形勢日趨復(fu)雜，供應安(an)全面(mian)臨(lin)長期(qi)壓力(li)。另一方面(mian)，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、直(zhi)流(liu)等(deng)大(da)量(liang)替代(dai)常規機(ji)組，電(dian)動汽車、分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、儲能(neng)(neng)等(deng)交互式(shi)用能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備廣泛應用，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)呈(cheng)現高(gao)比例可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、高(gao)比例電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)設(she)(she)備的“雙(shuang)高(gao)”特征，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)轉動慣量(liang)和(he)(he)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)力(li)下降，抗擾(rao)動能(neng)(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)，故障特性和(he)(he)連鎖(suo)反(fan)應更加復(fu)雜，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)安(an)全運行面(mian)臨(lin)挑戰(zhan)。

國家發展改(gai)革委、國家能(neng)源局、國家數(shu)據局印發《加快構建新型電力系(xi)統(tong)行(xing)(xing)動方(fang)案（2024—2027年(nian)）》（以下(xia)簡稱《行(xing)(xing)動方(fang)案》），提出9大(da)專項行(xing)(xing)動，其中“電力系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)保障行(xing)(xing)動”聚焦系(xi)統(tong)兩大(da)安全(quan)問題(ti)，從源、網、荷、技術四方(fang)面，明確了(le)下(xia)階段(duan)新型電力系(xi)統(tong)安全(quan)保障總(zong)體要求(qiu)和(he)重(zhong)點(dian)任務，為(wei)各地區和(he)能(neng)源電力行(xing)(xing)業進(jin)一步夯實系(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)運行(xing)(xing)的物理(li)基(ji)礎，提供了(le)重(zhong)要的指導作用。

從電網側看，要優化加強主網架，打造清潔能源優化配置平臺。

推進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清潔低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型，關鍵(jian)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)快發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，尤其風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。我國95%左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過轉(zhuan)化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)以利用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)連接(jie)生產(chan)和(he)(he)消(xiao)費，是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)送(song)得出(chu)、用得好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)平(ping)臺，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)基(ji)礎(chu)，是(shi)(shi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)。隨著我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速增(zeng)(zeng)長和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速轉(zhuan)型，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)局部(bu)地區還存在(zai)薄弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，骨干網(wang)架(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脆弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)控制復雜程(cheng)度顯著增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)化(hua)配置資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)仍需(xu)(xu)進一(yi)(yi)步增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)。《行動(dong)方案》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)了(le)優(you)(you)化(hua)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)，補齊結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)短板，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)可靠(kao)供(gong)(gong)應和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質量(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)方面要(yao)(yao)完(wan)善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)機制。目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)各環(huan)節(jie)(jie)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)還不(bu)夠，尤其是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)常規(gui)(gui)(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)整體效率。要(yao)(yao)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)政府主(zhu)管部(bu)門、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業等(deng)建(jian)立溝通(tong)機制，科學(xue)統(tong)籌制定(ding)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機規(gui)(gui)(gui)模、結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、布局和(he)(he)建(jian)設(she)時序，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲協(xie)(xie)同(tong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)方案安(an)全穩(wen)定(ding)和(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充裕(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)論證，提(ti)(ti)升規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)(xing)。另一(yi)(yi)方面要(yao)(yao)持續補強(qiang)(qiang)特(te)高(gao)壓交直流(liu)網(wang)架(jia)。當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)還存在(zai)強(qiang)(qiang)直弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)交問題，交直流(liu)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)整體安(an)全，也(ye)不(bu)利于輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮。要(yao)(yao)完(wan)善(shan)區域特(te)高(gao)壓交流(liu)主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)，優(you)(you)化(hua)500千伏網(wang)架(jia)，實(shi)現(xian)區域內各500千伏分(fen)區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)余缺互(hu)濟。加(jia)快特(te)高(gao)壓直流(liu)（含柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)直流(liu)）建(jian)設(she)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)沙戈荒等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地外送(song)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)受端(duan)負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)應能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。結(jie)合(he)交流(liu)網(wang)架(jia)承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，合(he)理(li)控制同(tong)送(song)同(tong)受直流(liu)群(qun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模。此外，要(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)抵御自(zi)然(ran)災害(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。近(jin)年來極端(duan)天氣、自(zi)然(ran)災害(hai)頻發，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全運(yun)(yun)行，影(ying)響(xiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)尖峰(feng)負荷(he)，供(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)確定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)。要(yao)(yao)在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)條件(jian)惡(e)劣、密集通(tong)道(dao)、同(tong)一(yi)(yi)氣象帶(dai)、凍雨覆冰等(deng)區域，針對重(zhong)點區段、重(zhong)點部(bu)位提(ti)(ti)升桿塔(ta)、地線等(deng)輸變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異化(hua)設(she)計(ji)，提(ti)(ti)升工程(cheng)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)抵御災害(hai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。同(tong)時，深(shen)化(hua)極端(duan)情況下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)平(ping)衡分(fen)析，及時提(ti)(ti)出(chu)保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)措(cuo)施建(jian)議。

從電源側看，要提升新主體涉網性能，提高對系統穩定運行的支撐能力。

電動(dong)汽車、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)等主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)快速發(fa)展，各(ge)類(lei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉(she)(she)網(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)差異化明(ming)顯，弱抗擾動(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)弱支(zhi)撐性(xing)(xing)(xing)對于系(xi)統穩定運行(xing)(xing)帶來極大風險。未(wei)(wei)來新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)成為供(gong)給主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，負荷側新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)素不(bu)斷涌現，必須(xu)提(ti)升(sheng)涉(she)(she)網(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，增強(qiang)(qiang)對電力保供(gong)和(he)(he)運行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)全的(de)支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，推動(dong)公平承擔(dan)安(an)(an)全和(he)(he)成本責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。《行(xing)(xing)動(dong)方案》提(ti)出(chu)了制(zhi)修訂(ding)相(xiang)關標(biao)準(zhun)與(yu)管(guan)理要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，提(ti)高新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉(she)(she)網(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、加強(qiang)(qiang)入(ru)(ru)網(wang)(wang)(wang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)重點(dian)工(gong)作舉(ju)措。一(yi)(yi)方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)強(qiang)(qiang)化技術與(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)引領。充(chong)(chong)分發(fa)揮標(biao)準(zhun)對于新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術發(fa)展的(de)指導作用，深化集中式(shi)/分布式(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電動(dong)汽車充(chong)(chong)電基(ji)礎設施等新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電力系(xi)統的(de)交互影響(xiang)研究，構(gou)(gou)建新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，加快推進相(xiang)關標(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)修訂(ding)。另一(yi)(yi)方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強(qiang)(qiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)涉(she)(she)及眾多生產(chan)廠家海(hai)量型(xing)(xing)號，嚴把設備入(ru)(ru)網(wang)(wang)(wang)關是保障(zhang)其涉(she)(she)網(wang)(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)關鍵環節。需要(yao)(yao)(yao)明(ming)確新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)流程(cheng)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技術標(biao)準(zhun)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)資(zi)質要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，持續完善新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)、電動(dong)汽車充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電設施接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)手段。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)實(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)管(guan)理責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。當前新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)尚未(wei)(wei)形成明(ming)確的(de)安(an)(an)全管(guan)控責(ze)(ze)任(ren)邊(bian)界。亟需落實(shi)電網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)、相(xiang)關業(ye)主(zhu)、設備制(zhi)造單位在新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)(xing)管(guan)理全流程(cheng)中的(de)職責(ze)(ze)，構(gou)(gou)建集型(xing)(xing)式(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗、到貨(huo)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)、電站調(diao)試(shi)(shi)、并(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、建模仿(fang)真、運行(xing)(xing)維護(hu)與(yu)評價為一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)安(an)(an)全與(yu)質量全流程(cheng)管(guan)控體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。

從新技術看，要推進構網型技術應用，提升系統整體安全效率水平。

沙戈(ge)(ge)荒(huang)風(feng)(feng)光基地(di)(di)(di)(di)大都(dou)分布在遠離主(zhu)(zhu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)無人(ren)區(qu)或(huo)少人(ren)區(qu)，本地(di)(di)(di)(di)支撐(cheng)較為薄弱(ruo)；受(shou)端(duan)負(fu)荷中心(xin)多(duo)直流饋入替(ti)代(dai)同(tong)步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)不足，“空心(xin)化”問題突出，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調頻和動(dong)態(tai)無功支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力減弱(ruo)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)送端(duan)“沙戈(ge)(ge)荒(huang)”高比例新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)、受(shou)端(duan)“空心(xin)化”地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)均有廣泛的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用需求(qiu)。《行(xing)動(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案》提出要(yao)(yao)(yao)針(zhen)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行(xing)需求(qiu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)控(kong)制技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)總體要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)控(kong)制策略與(yu)參數的(de)靈活性使其可(ke)以適(shi)用于(yu)多(duo)場景穩(wen)定(ding)問題。要(yao)(yao)(yao)明(ming)確不同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)矛盾，在沙戈(ge)(ge)荒(huang)等高比例新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)外送地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)可(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抑制暫態(tai)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在負(fu)荷中心(xin)可(ke)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)提升系(xi)(xi)統(tong)短路容(rong)量，在弱(ruo)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)可(ke)試點配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)提升保供能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和有功快速調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)加強對(dui)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)管控(kong)。構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)各廠家性能(neng)(neng)(neng)差異大，設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)間不協調可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)存在弱(ruo)阻尼振蕩等穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)積極、穩(wen)妥地(di)(di)(di)(di)推動(dong)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)試點落地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用，依據(ju)實際應(ying)(ying)(ying)用效果，加快推動(dong)一(yi)批構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標準(zhun)，規范構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。此外，要(yao)(yao)(yao)完善支持構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用的(de)機(ji)制建設(she)(she)(she)(she)。目前，構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)快速發展，但相關配(pei)套機(ji)制較為滯后。要(yao)(yao)(yao)進一(yi)步健(jian)全適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)體開(kai)展交易和調度的(de)基本規范，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輔助服務(wu)市場產品(pin)體系(xi)(xi)、準(zhun)入條件(jian)、交易方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式和補償標準(zhun)，體現(xian)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)支撐(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻率、功角穩(wen)定(ding)和新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)消納(na)的(de)多(duo)維(wei)度價(jia)值。

從負荷側看，要持續提升電能質量，適應新型負荷的隨機性波動性。

大量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子逆變器(qi)主導(dao)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)負荷(he)持續接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，負荷(he)特性多變，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提出了更高挑(tiao)戰。同時(shi)，隨著(zhu)分(fen)布式新(xin)能源快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)用(yong)能形式不斷涌現，配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有源化(hua)特征明(ming)顯，局部區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越限(xian)、設備(bei)反(fan)向重過載(zai)等問(wen)題(ti)突出。《行動(dong)方(fang)(fang)案》提出了壓(ya)實各方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)責(ze)任(ren)，加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)常(chang)態化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)總體工(gong)作部署(shu)。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)攻關新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)防治(zhi)技術。當(dang)(dang)前防治(zhi)技術主要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)單(dan)一干擾源，對(dui)于(yu)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝備(bei)耦合帶來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)手段(duan)不足(zu)。要(yao)(yao)組織電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)科(ke)研(yan)院所(suo)開(kai)展新(xin)能源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)大規模接入后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越限(xian)、寬頻振蕩(dang)及諧波綜合防治(zhi)技術研(yan)究，研(yan)制(zhi)諧波/振蕩(dang)抑制(zhi)裝置，提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)水平。另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)構建(jian)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)技術標(biao)準體系(xi)。當(dang)(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)相關標(biao)準對(dui)于(yu)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)主體并網下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)評估適應性方(fang)(fang)面(mian)尚需(xu)完善。需(xu)要(yao)(yao)修訂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏差、諧波等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)限(xian)值標(biao)準，分(fen)行業(ye)(ye)細化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)評估標(biao)準。此外(wai)，要(yao)(yao)壓(ya)實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)各方(fang)(fang)責(ze)任(ren)。加強發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)特性檢測(ce)認證，壓(ya)實發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中的(de)主體責(ze)任(ren)，遵(zun)循“誰干擾，誰治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)”的(de)原則及時(shi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)問(wen)題(ti)，建(jian)立(li)常(chang)態化(hua)管(guan)(guan)控機制(zhi)和規范(fan)化(hua)流(liu)程。

總的(de)來(lai)看，《行(xing)動方案》對(dui)加快推動新型(xing)電力系統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)保障工作(zuo)作(zuo)出了系統(tong)部署，提出的(de)各項行(xing)動舉措務實有力，為實現我(wo)國能源加速轉型(xing)背景下電力系統(tong)安全穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)運行(xing)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)了堅實基礎。