国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

內容概要：近年來，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)飛(fei)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝機規(gui)(gui)模(mo)由2018年的238MW持(chi)續增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)至2022年的588MW，年復合(he)增(zeng)(zeng)長率達19.83%。隨著(zhu)國(guo)家積極開(kai)展光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展研(yan)究工(gong)作，鼓(gu)勵新疆、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、甘肅、青海等(deng)地推(tui)進光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)規(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)加(jia)(jia)速推(tui)進。2023年以(yi)來，青海、新疆、甘肅、西藏(zang)等(deng)地多個光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，2023年8月31日，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)建(jian)(jian)拉薩(sa)(sa)當(dang)雄250MW光(guang)(guang)伏+100MW光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)(mu)正式開(kai)工(gong)。該項目(mu)(mu)為西藏(zang)拉薩(sa)(sa)當(dang)雄“綠色陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)”的標(biao)志性示范項目(mu)(mu)，同時也是(shi)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)拉薩(sa)(sa)最(zui)大的新能(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)，該項目(mu)(mu)的推(tui)進標(biao)志著(zhu)拉薩(sa)(sa)當(dang)雄新能(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)項目(mu)(mu)邁上新臺階(jie)。總體來看，隨著(zhu)以(yi)上項目(mu)(mu)有序推(tui)進，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)行業(ye)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展進程加(jia)(jia)快。

關鍵詞：能源電(dian)力(li)、太陽能、光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)、光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)裝機容量(liang)

一、光熱發電優勢明顯，塔式技術是我國主流聚光形式

光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)叫聚(ju)焦(jiao)性(xing)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即通過(guo)大量反(fan)射(she)鏡以(yi)聚(ju)焦(jiao)方(fang)式將太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直射(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)聚(ju)焦(jiao)起來，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)工(gong)質并產(chan)生高(gao)溫高(gao)壓蒸汽，以(yi)此驅動(dong)汽輪機發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。它(ta)是將光(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)后(hou)，通過(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)循(xun)環(huan)做功發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)技術。光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)是利(li)用(yong)太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量進行發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)同(tong)時可(ke)以(yi)將多余的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存在(zai)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)晚間或陰(yin)雨天時釋放，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)證24小時連續穩定發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。而傳(chuan)統(tong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是利(li)用(yong)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板吸收太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)形(xing)成光(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)這種發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式易受(shou)天氣影響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出波動(dong)性(xing)大，易對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網產(chan)生沖擊。與光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相比，光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)連續發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本、穩定性(xing)、安全(quan)性(xing)、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)性(xing)及使用(yong)壽命等(deng)方(fang)面具有優勢。

光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)站一般由集熱(re)系(xi)統、儲(chu)熱(re)系(xi)統、蒸(zheng)汽產(chan)生(sheng)系(xi)統及發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝置組成。目前(qian)，主流的光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統有槽式(shi)(shi)、菲涅爾式(shi)(shi)、塔式(shi)(shi)、碟式(shi)(shi)光(guang)熱(re)系(xi)統。從各(ge)技(ji)術(shu)特性對比看，塔式(shi)(shi)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統效率高、規(gui)模大，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)優勢明顯(xian)。

根據聚光(guang)形勢的(de)不同(tong)，在(zai)全球主(zhu)(zhu)要國(guo)(guo)家和地區(qu)的(de)太陽能(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)累計裝機容量(liang)中，槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)(shi)技(ji)術(shu)路(lu)線(xian)是(shi)全球主(zhu)(zhu)流發(fa)展模式(shi)(shi)，占(zhan)(zhan)比約(yue)76%，塔式(shi)(shi)和線(xian)菲(fei)式(shi)(shi)分別占(zhan)(zhan)比20%和4%。而在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)各類(lei)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)中，塔式(shi)(shi)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)行業主(zhu)(zhu)流應用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)，其占(zhan)(zhan)比約(yue)63.1%，槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)比約(yue)25.5%，線(xian)菲(fei)式(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)比約(yue)11.4%。總體來看，塔式(shi)(shi)和槽(cao)(cao)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)商(shang)用(yong)更為廣泛。

二、多項光熱項目有序推進，行業裝機規模持續擴大

光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以很好地彌(mi)補太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)間接性(xing)，白天能(neng)夠充分(fen)地利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，將太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)所(suo)燒熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)介質儲存(cun)在巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)容器中，在太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽落(luo)山后仍能(neng)帶(dai)動汽(qi)輪發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，達到調峰的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統供(gong)應(ying)安全。因其發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)優(you)勢(shi)明顯(xian)，目前成為全球(qiu)(qiu)備受關注的(de)(de)一種太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，和光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)共(gong)同(tong)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)。近年來(lai)(lai)，在全球(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，推動太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)(yong)下，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業呈現高速(su)增長(chang)態(tai)勢(shi)。數據顯(xian)示，2018-2022年，全球(qiu)(qiu)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)持續(xu)(xu)增長(chang)，截至(zhi)2022年底，全球(qiu)(qiu)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累計裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量約7050MW。從(cong)國(guo)內市(shi)場看，自“十三五”規劃以來(lai)(lai)，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業飛速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展。我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)由2018年的(de)(de)238MW持續(xu)(xu)增加(jia)(jia)至(zhi)2022年的(de)(de)588MW，年復合增長(chang)率達19.83%。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累計裝(zhuang)機(ji)規模(mo)占全球(qiu)(qiu)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)累計裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量的(de)(de)比重也持續(xu)(xu)提升，占比由2018年的(de)(de)3.90%增加(jia)(jia)至(zhi)2022年的(de)(de)8.34%，累計增加(jia)(jia)4.44個(ge)百分(fen)點。

從行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)歷程看，2006年(nian)(nian)，科(ke)技(ji)部(bu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)高(gao)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計(ji)劃(hua)（863計(ji)劃(hua)）先(xian)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)源技(ji)術(shu)領域啟動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)“太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)及(ji)系(xi)(xi)統示(shi)范”重點項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，開(kai)啟了(le)(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)全系(xi)(xi)統集成(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)示(shi)范工作，為我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)奠定了(le)(le)(le)基礎(chu)。2021年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一個太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)工程項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)——鄂爾多(duo)斯(si)50MW槽式(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)完成(cheng)特(te)(te)許權示(shi)范招標。中(zhong)標電(dian)(dian)價過低，該項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)建設(she)，但(dan)特(te)(te)許權項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)引發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)(le)更廣泛的(de)市場關注和(he)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)期待，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)華能(neng)(neng)、華電(dian)(dian)、中(zhong)廣核等(deng)國(guo)(guo)企及(ji)龍騰光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)、中(zhong)海陽等(deng)民(min)營企業(ye)開(kai)始布局光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)。隨著電(dian)(dian)力需求持續增(zeng)加(jia)，電(dian)(dian)力安(an)全供應形勢越(yue)發(fa)(fa)嚴峻，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)“十二五(wu)(wu)”電(dian)(dian)力規劃(hua)中(zhong)提出，到2015年(nian)(nian)實(shi)現光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機容量100萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。2012年(nian)(nian)7月，科(ke)技(ji)部(bu)“十二五(wu)(wu)”主題(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，“太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)槽式(shi)(shi)集熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)與示(shi)范”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)啟動(dong)(dong)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)開(kai)始對(dui)兆瓦及(ji)槽式(shi)(shi)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)示(shi)范。2016年(nian)(nian)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源局正式(shi)(shi)確定首批(pi)20個光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)示(shi)范項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，并(bing)獲國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)共(gong)同提出了(le)(le)(le)“十三五(wu)(wu)”期間(jian)5GW的(de)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機目(mu)(mu)(mu)標，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)產業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)入新臺階。

2023年(nian)4月(yue)，國(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布《國(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)綜合司關于推動光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有關事項(xiang)》，通知(zhi)強調要(yao)(yao)積極開展(zhan)(zhan)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)研(yan)究(jiu)工作。要(yao)(yao)求力爭(zheng)“十四五”期(qi)間，全(quan)國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電每(mei)年(nian)新增開工規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)達(da)到3GW左右；內蒙古、甘肅、青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)、新疆等(deng)(deng)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電重點省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)份已上報共(gong)2.8GW項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)盡快落地(di)。在國(guo)家大力支(zhi)持光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)背景下，青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)等(deng)(deng)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)的地(di)區也出(chu)(chu)臺了支(zhi)撐光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的政策措施。其中(zhong)，2023年(nian)7月(yue)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)會同國(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)(ju)西(xi)北監(jian)管局(ju)(ju)、青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和改革委員(yuan)會等(deng)(deng)相關部門(men)制定印發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了《關于推動“十四五”光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的通知(zhi)》。該政策從(cong)規(gui)(gui)劃布局(ju)(ju)、競爭(zheng)配置、要(yao)(yao)素保障、電價支(zhi)持、參與市場、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)、調度運營、生態效(xiao)率八個方面對青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)作出(chu)(chu)了制度化安排。隨著各項(xiang)政策有序推進(jin)，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電行業將迎來發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)快車道。

在(zai)國(guo)家相關政(zheng)策的指導和支持(chi)下(xia)，多(duo)地(di)政(zheng)策開(kai)始布局大型風電(dian)光伏基地(di)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。據統計(ji)，各地(di)列(lie)入(ru)名(ming)單(dan)的太陽能熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)數(shu)(shu)量共計(ji)29個，總(zong)(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量約330萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。這(zhe)些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)按照規劃(hua)將(jiang)在(zai)2023年到(dao)2024年相繼投產。分地(di)區(qu)看，我國(guo)光熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)主要集中在(zai)新疆、青(qing)海、甘肅、吉林等太陽能資源較(jiao)為豐富的地(di)區(qu)。其中，新疆列(lie)入(ru)名(ming)單(dan)的光熱發(fa)電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)最多(duo)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)數(shu)(shu)量達13個，總(zong)(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量135萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)；青(qing)海位居(ju)第(di)二(er)，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)數(shu)(shu)量為9個，總(zong)(zong)(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容量130萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。

隨(sui)著國(guo)家積極開展光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展研究(jiu)工(gong)作，鼓勵(li)新(xin)疆(jiang)、內蒙古(gu)、甘(gan)肅(su)、青海(hai)等(deng)地推進光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目規(gui)劃建設(she)，我(wo)國(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目加速(su)推進。2023年(nian)以來，青海(hai)、新(xin)疆(jiang)、甘(gan)肅(su)、西藏等(deng)地多(duo)個光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目開工(gong)建設(she)。其中(zhong)，2023年(nian)8月31日(ri)，中(zhong)國(guo)能建拉薩(sa)當(dang)雄250MW光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+100MW光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目正式(shi)開工(gong)。該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目為西藏拉薩(sa)當(dang)雄“綠色(se)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)”的(de)標(biao)志性示范項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目，同時也是目前拉薩(sa)最大的(de)新(xin)能源項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目，該(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)推進標(biao)志著拉薩(sa)當(dang)雄新(xin)能源產(chan)業項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目邁上新(xin)臺階。總體來看，隨(sui)著以上項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目有序推進，我(wo)國(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電行(xing)業規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展進程加快。

從產(chan)業(ye)鏈情況(kuang)看(kan)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)體系(xi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、設(she)計、制造、安裝(zhuang)、運維等(deng)環(huan)節。由(you)于光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)是技術和(he)資(zi)金雙密(mi)集(ji)型行(xing)業(ye)，產(chan)業(ye)鏈長，設(she)計學科多，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)復(fu)雜，當前從事產(chan)業(ye)鏈研(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生產(chan)服務(wu)的(de)企業(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)少(shao)。據不完全統(tong)(tong)(tong)計，目前我國從事光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)相(xiang)(xiang)關產(chan)業(ye)鏈產(chan)品和(he)服務(wu)的(de)單位數量(liang)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)600家左右，其中從事聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)領域的(de)企業(ye)數量(liang)最(zui)多，約(yue)有170家。從光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)投資(zi)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)看(kan)，電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建造成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)太陽島(dao)(dao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)島(dao)(dao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、儲熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、場(chang)地準備發(fa)(fa)(fa)、電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)配套(tao)及基礎(chu)設(she)施費用等(deng)。以7小時儲熱(re)(re)(re)(re)50MW塔式光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)投資(zi)結構看(kan)，太陽島(dao)(dao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)占比(bi)最(zui)多，成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)占比(bi)約(yue)61%。其中，太陽島(dao)(dao)主(zhu)要(yao)包括聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，核(he)心產(chan)品定目鏡(jing)占太陽島(dao)(dao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)75%左右，電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)整(zheng)體經濟性有待提高(gao)。

三、電力消費需求穩步增長，為光熱發電行業發展提供強勁動力

電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)是經濟社(she)(she)會穩定運行(xing)的基(ji)礎保障。隨著(zhu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟穩健(jian)發展，2022年我(wo)(wo)國(guo)全(quan)社(she)(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)達8.6萬億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.6%。2023年隨著(zhu)國(guo)內宏觀環境(jing)恢復向好，工業(ye)(ye)(ye)制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)等生(sheng)產積極性(xing)逐步提升，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)需(xu)求穩步增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。2023年1-8月，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)全(quan)社(she)(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)累(lei)計60826億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)5.0%。分(fen)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)看，第一、二、三(san)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為859億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)、39511億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)和(he)11079億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)速分(fen)別(bie)為11.7%、5.0%和(he)9.3%；城鄉(xiang)居民生(sheng)活用電(dian)量(liang)9377億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)下(xia)降0.1%。從電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)給情(qing)況看，近年來(lai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)在保障電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)安全(quan)供(gong)給情(qing)況下(xia)，大力(li)(li)(li)推進可再(zai)生(sheng)能源行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展，并推動(dong)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系建設(she)。2023年1-8月，全(quan)國(guo)各類電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)發電(dian)總量(liang)為58662.6億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.6%。從電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需(xu)情(qing)況看，當前我(wo)(wo)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消費增(zeng)速整(zheng)體(ti)高于電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)產增(zeng)速，電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市場供(gong)需(xu)仍然偏緊，為光熱(re)發電(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展提供(gong)強(qiang)勁動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)。