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CSPPLAZA光熱發電網訊：近日，在由中(zhong)國電(dian)力(li)工(gong)程(cheng)顧(gu)問(wen)集團西北電(dian)力(li)設計(ji)院(yuan)有(you)限公(gong)司、國家太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光熱產業技術創(chuang)新戰略聯盟(meng)、CSPPLAZA光熱發(fa)電(dian)平臺共同主辦、首航高(gao)科能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術股份有(you)限公(gong)司聯合主辦的(de)2022中(zhong)國風光熱互補新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地(di)開(kai)發(fa)大會上(shang)，全國工(gong)程(cheng)設計(ji)大師(shi)、中(zhong)國電(dian)機工(gong)程(cheng)學會太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)專委(wei)會副主任委(wei)員兼秘書(shu)長(chang)、電(dian)力(li)規劃設計(ji)總院(yuan)高(gao)級顧(gu)問(wen)孫(sun)銳就風光熱儲新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地(di)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)方式和技術原則作了主題報告。

圖：孫銳作主題發言

孫(sun)銳指出，在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)新能(neng)源(yuan)為主體(ti)(ti)的新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)儲能(neng)的主要作(zuo)用是消納超(chao)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負荷需(xu)求的風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)，并承擔系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)支撐(cheng)功(gong)能(neng)。光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是集發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和儲能(neng)為一體(ti)(ti)的具(ju)有同(tong)步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出特性的非(fei)常寶貴(gui)的調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，具(ju)有長時(shi)儲能(neng)的優勢，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)連續(xu)24小時(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，持續(xu)的為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供轉(zhuan)動慣量和旋轉(zhuan)備用，它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)隨時(shi)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的需(xu)求來調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)，在(zai)負荷高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)時(shi)段可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使出力(li)達到百分之(zhi)百，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)不需(xu)要的時(shi)候(hou)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)把功(gong)率降到15%，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)替代煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組。這些特性目前的抽水蓄能(neng)、壓(ya)縮空氣儲能(neng)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲能(neng)都無法與之(zhi)媲美。

圖：電網側儲能和光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電在系統中(zhong)的作(zuo)用示意圖

當(dang)前青海、甘肅、新疆、吉林等地正在推進(jin)一(yi)批包(bao)含光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)風光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲一(yi)體(ti)化項目，對此孫銳表示，在缺乏光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價傳導機制的(de)情況(kuang)下，采用(yong)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)、光(guang)伏(fu)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)打捆的(de)多能互補方式(shi)(shi)，按(an)照當(dang)地的(de)燃煤(mei)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價上網(wang)，通過風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)利潤空間來彌補光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)虧損，這樣的(de)做法可(ke)以(yi)短期解決光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)市場(chang)需求，緩(huan)解光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產業鏈發(fa)(fa)生斷(duan)裂(lie)的(de)危機。同(tong)時孫銳也指(zhi)出了目前采用(yong)的(de)風光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲一(yi)體(ti)化項目建設模式(shi)(shi)，在投資方的(de)投資收益、光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組的(de)運行調度方式(shi)(shi)、光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統配置、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力送出線路的(de)匯集等方面暴露出一(yi)些問題(ti)。

針對(dui)(dui)上述問(wen)題(ti)，對(dui)(dui)于風光熱(re)儲(chu)一體化(hua)(hua)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，孫(sun)銳(rui)給出了一系列專業化(hua)(hua)建議(yi)：1）不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)零(ling)散的(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補一體化(hua)(hua)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)方式和技術原則照搬到新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)上，而要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)滿(man)足(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)整(zheng)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出特性要(yao)(yao)(yao)求作為首要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)目標，根據當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)條件(jian)，系統研究各(ge)(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)合(he)理配比，特別(bie)是對(dui)(dui)其中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和調節功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)容量(liang)和功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)研究清(qing)楚(chu)。2）要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，分別(bie)進行(xing)各(ge)(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)競價招標，通(tong)過(guo)市場(chang)(chang)競爭(zheng)方式確定各(ge)(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。3）在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成機制完成市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革之前(qian)，參(can)照抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)兩部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價模(mo)式，對(dui)(dui)光熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)超(chao)出燃煤基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價的(de)(de)部分給予容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價補貼并(bing)傳導至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價中(zhong)，這是簡單易行(xing)的(de)(de)解決(jue)辦法。【詳(xiang)見(jian)如(ru)下演講(jiang)全文】

更多精彩內容，請閱讀下面刊出的孫銳的演講全文：

孫銳：尊敬的(de)(de)各(ge)位專家，全體與(yu)會嘉賓(bin)，大家下午好！很(hen)高興接(jie)受會議主辦方(fang)的(de)(de)邀請，利用這次(ci)大會的(de)(de)機會，和大家共同探討一(yi)下風光熱儲(chu)新(xin)能源(yuan)基地開發方(fang)式和技術(shu)原則(ze)。今天主要講三(san)個問題：

第一、電力發展的趨勢以及面臨的挑戰

1、國(guo)家電力發展(zhan)的現狀及趨勢

2021年底，全國(guo)電(dian)源總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量達到了23.8億千瓦，其中(zhong)非(fei)化石能源發(fa)電(dian)占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)達到45%，風電(dian)和太陽能裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)達到了26.7%，但是從發(fa)電(dian)量上看，風電(dian)和太陽能發(fa)電(dian)量的占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)為11.7%，這與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容量占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)有一個差距(ju)，這個大家也能理(li)解，就是風電(dian)和光(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)的利用(yong)小時(shi)數(shu)比(bi)較(jiao)低。

按照(zhao)我們國家(jia)提出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2030年碳(tan)達峰，2060年碳(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)，清華大學牽(qian)頭(tou)組(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團(tuan)(tuan)隊對(dui)這(zhe)個路徑進行了(le)深(shen)(shen)入(ru)地研究(jiu)(jiu)，結論是(shi)(shi)：2050年全部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二氧化碳(tan)要(yao)實(shi)現凈零(ling)排放，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統要(yao)實(shi)現負排放。2050年能(neng)源(yuan)總(zong)量需求約51噸標(biao)準(zhun)煤，非化石能(neng)源(yuan)占比(bi)超(chao)過85%。按照(zhao)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)發展戰略目標(biao)，由周(zhou)孝(xiao)信院(yuan)士牽(qian)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團(tuan)(tuan)隊對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)進行了(le)深(shen)(shen)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)，因(yin)為數據比(bi)較(jiao)多，我簡單說一(yi)下：2050年風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比(bi)要(yao)達到(dao)(dao)60%，2050年風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量占比(bi)要(yao)達到(dao)(dao)79%。所以大家(jia)可以想象，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)機(ji)里面(mian)接近80%是(shi)(shi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統來說，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個非常巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰。所以，黨中(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)國務院(yuan)明確(que)提出(chu)要(yao)構建以新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統。

2、儲能和光熱發電在電力系統中的作(zuo)用

大(da)家知道(dao)，光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和風電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)出力(li)(li)具有隨機性(xing)，波動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和間歇性(xing)。隨著容量(liang)占比的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)增大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)不(bu)斷(duan)下(xia)；隨著火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)轉動(dong)(dong)慣(guan)量(liang)越來(lai)越小，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安全性(xing)的(de)不(bu)利影響越來(lai)越大(da)；具有同步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸出功率特性(xing)的(de)靈活(huo)調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源容量(liang)占比不(bu)斷(duan)下(xia)降(jiang)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)平衡難以保(bao)證。

為了(le)滿足電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全穩(wen)定供電(dian)的(de)(de)需求，儲能將會(hui)與電(dian)源、電(dian)網、負荷并(bing)列，成為新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統不可或(huo)缺的(de)(de)第四(si)要素。傳統系(xi)統電(dian)力(li)發供用(yong)(yong)同時完成的(de)(de)特性將被改變，原來電(dian)力(li)負荷是剛(gang)性的(de)(de)，現在由于用(yong)(yong)戶側儲能的(de)(de)加入也變成了(le)具有彈性；分布在電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統各個環(huan)節的(de)(de)各種儲能設備和儲能系(xi)統，將創造(zao)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)量(liang)平衡新(xin)的(de)(de)機(ji)制和模式。

具有同步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率輸出特性(xing)的(de)低碳靈活調節電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)構建新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)不可或缺(que)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)支撐。抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)、光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)等，這(zhe)些(xie)都將(jiang)在未來(lai)的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)中發(fa)揮重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)些(xie)儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組在系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)主要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)什么？按照安裝地點劃分(fen)，分(fen)成(cheng)用(yong)戶側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)（也叫負荷側(ce)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)）、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)和(he)電(dian)(dian)網側(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)。

首(shou)先看用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)側(ce)的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)側(ce)儲能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)安裝位(wei)置在用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)計量關(guan)口表的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)端，它(ta)的(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)方(fang)式完全由用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自己(ji)根(gen)據用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況(kuang)和峰(feng)谷(gu)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)進行(xing)(xing)控制。在電(dian)(dian)力系統負荷低谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)來(lai)儲能(neng)(neng)，在用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)需要電(dian)(dian)力時(shi)(shi)段(duan)釋能(neng)(neng)。這主要靠出臺(tai)的(de)(de)峰(feng)谷(gu)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)作為激(ji)勵，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)節(jie)約用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本為目的(de)(de)，可以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據當地的(de)(de)峰(feng)谷(gu)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)來(lai)決策(ce)是否安裝儲能(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)及它(ta)的(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)策(ce)略，對電(dian)(dian)力系統而(er)言(yan)，它(ta)可以(yi)(yi)起到削(xue)峰(feng)填谷(gu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。比較適宜的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)方(fang)式，目前(qian)來(lai)看就(jiu)是蓄電(dian)(dian)池，也包(bao)括儲熱、蓄冰(bing)制冷，還包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)動車等。

再看電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)位置在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)計量關口(kou)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)應該(gai)說可以(yi)(yi)(yi)劃分成(cheng)(cheng)兩個階(jie)段，目(mu)前階(jie)段，因為儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)本還是(shi)比較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)現在很多省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司已經提出風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏(fu)項目(mu)必須配置10-20%容(rong)量、1-2小時的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。按照(zhao)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)配比，目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)消除風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)短時間、小幅度的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)波動，使出力曲線(xian)(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠變的(de)(de)(de)平滑一(yi)(yi)些(xie)。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量占比較(jiao)低，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)無法(fa)做到(dao)按照(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)定功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)(xian)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)運行(xing)特點(dian)是(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和釋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切換頻繁(fan)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)比較(jiao)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)調度是(shi)不(bu)直(zhi)接單(dan)獨調用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)，而(er)是(shi)與(yu)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)整(zheng)體調度。第(di)二個階(jie)段是(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)本下(xia)降到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定程度，上(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制市(shi)場(chang)化改(gai)革完成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)按照(zhao)系(xi)統要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)(xian)運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量占比就比較(jiao)高了。這(zhe)種情況下(xia)，不(bu)是(shi)按照(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)自己(ji)確定的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)(xian)運行(xing)，而(er)是(shi)按照(zhao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)(xian)運行(xing)。比較(jiao)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式是(shi)壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、儲(chu)熱(re)型光熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池等

再看電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)就是(shi)(shi)安裝在公共的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)里(li)面(mian)的(de)，傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)方式是(shi)(shi)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)負荷低谷時段(duan)(duan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，高峰(feng)時段(duan)(duan)釋能(neng)(neng)，即削(xue)峰(feng)填谷。隨(sui)著(zhu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏容量占(zhan)比的(de)加大，棄風(feng)、棄光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量會(hui)越來(lai)越大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)會(hui)有一些變化(hua)，它(ta)要(yao)(yao)吸納棄風(feng)、棄光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，削(xue)峰(feng)填谷的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)逐漸向用(yong)(yong)戶側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)移，因(yin)此，將來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)主要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)吸收風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏溢出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，同時，為(wei)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力支撐。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)由系統(tong)(tong)(tong)調度根據系統(tong)(tong)(tong)負荷的(de)變化(hua)情況隨(sui)時進行調用(yong)(yong)。比較(jiao)適宜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)方式是(shi)(shi)抽(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)、壓縮空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，還(huan)有儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)熱型(xing)光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

光(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)是集發電(dian)(dian)(dian)和長時(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能為一體的(de)(de)具(ju)有同步發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出特性的(de)(de)非常寶貴的(de)(de)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，它因為它具(ju)有長時(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能的(de)(de)優(you)勢，所以可(ke)(ke)以連續24小時(shi)(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，持續的(de)(de)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)提供(gong)(gong)轉動(dong)慣(guan)量并(bing)作為旋轉備(bei)用，可(ke)(ke)以隨時(shi)(shi)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求來(lai)調峰(feng)，在負荷的(de)(de)高峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)可(ke)(ke)以使機(ji)組功率達到(dao)百(bai)分之(zhi)百(bai)，當系統(tong)不需(xu)(xu)要電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)可(ke)(ke)以把功率降(jiang)到(dao)15%，它可(ke)(ke)以替代煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組，作為旋轉備(bei)用和提供(gong)(gong)轉動(dong)慣(guan)量，這些優(you)良特性是抽水蓄能、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲(chu)能都無法與之(zhi)相媲美的(de)(de)。

今年的(de)5月份(fen)，國家發改委(wei)和能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局發布了475號文(wen)，提出(chu)了獨(du)(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)概念。原文(wen)是(shi)：“具備獨(du)(du)立(li)計量、控制等(deng)技術條件(jian)(jian)，接入調(diao)(diao)度(du)自(zi)動化系統可(ke)被(bei)電(dian)網(wang)監控和調(diao)(diao)度(du)，符合(he)相關標準(zhun)規范和電(dian)力市(shi)場運營機構等(deng)有(you)關方面要求(qiu)，具有(you)法人資格的(de)新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目(mu)，可(ke)轉(zhuan)為(wei)獨(du)(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，作為(wei)獨(du)(du)立(li)主體參與電(dian)力市(shi)場”。獨(du)(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時什(shen)么(me)概念？就(jiu)是(shi)不(bu)管是(shi)裝(zhuang)在(zai)用戶(hu)側，還(huan)是(shi)裝(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)側，只要滿足上(shang)述這(zhe)些條件(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)可(ke)以作為(wei)一個獨(du)(du)立(li)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目(mu)參與電(dian)力市(shi)場。文(wen)件(jian)(jian)中鼓(gu)勵現在(zai)電(dian)源(yuan)側和用戶(hu)側的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，經過改造，轉(zhuan)化為(wei)獨(du)(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。為(wei)什(shen)么(me)？就(jiu)是(shi)只有(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)掌握(wo)在(zai)調(diao)(diao)度(du)的(de)手里，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發揮更(geng)大的(de)作用，獨(du)(du)立(li)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)和調(diao)(diao)度(du)方式與電(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)相同的(de)。

二、風光熱儲一體化項目的現狀

1、多能互補一(yi)體化項目(mu)的(de)背景

2020年(nian)初，財(cai)(cai)政部、發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)、能(neng)源局聯合頒布一個(ge)(ge)(ge)文件(jian)明確：2021年(nian)底以(yi)后新增的(de)(de)(de)(de)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不再納入(ru)中(zhong)央財(cai)(cai)政的(de)(de)(de)(de)補貼(tie)范圍；隨后2021年(nian)，發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)又發(fa)(fa)文明確，2021年(nian)起，新核(he)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)由(you)當地(di)省級(ji)價(jia)格主管部門(men)制定(ding)(ding)，上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)高于當地(di)燃(ran)煤基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)以(yi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司結(jie)算。這個(ge)(ge)(ge)文件(jian)將光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)權授予了省級(ji)地(di)方政府，但是高出當地(di)燃(ran)煤基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)沒有辦(ban)法向后面傳導，那只能(neng)由(you)地(di)方財(cai)(cai)政來補貼(tie)。光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎都(dou)分(fen)布在欠(qian)發(fa)(fa)達(da)地(di)區，地(di)方財(cai)(cai)政根本(ben)就沒有能(neng)力對它進行補貼(tie)。所(suo)以(yi)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)政策出來以(yi)后，馬上抑制了光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需求，整個(ge)(ge)(ge)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)陷(xian)入(ru)了低谷，光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)生存岌岌可(ke)危。

另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，隨著風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏占比的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統對新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)和(he)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)需求愈加(jia)迫切。所(suo)以(yi)國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)根(gen)據這種情(qing)況出臺(tai)了多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補一(yi)體化(hua)項(xiang)目政(zheng)策。就是可以(yi)將光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或光(guang)(guang)伏打(da)捆作(zuo)(zuo)為一(yi)體化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目，通過(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)利潤(run)空(kong)間(jian)來彌(mi)補光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)虧損(sun)。這個政(zheng)策在緩解光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產業鏈的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存危機方(fang)面(mian)(mian)發揮了作(zuo)(zuo)用，也見到(dao)了成(cheng)效。但我認為這項(xiang)政(zheng)策是在缺乏(fa)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價傳(chuan)導機制情(qing)況下的(de)(de)(de)權宜(yi)之策。隨著這些項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)進展，一(yi)些負面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)問題逐漸(jian)就被暴露出來了。

2、多能互補一體化項目存在的主要問題(ti)

第一個問(wen)(wen)題是(shi)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)難以保(bao)障。對(dui)于多能(neng)互補(bu)一體(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，甘肅按(an)照(zhao)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃煤基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)，青(qing)(qing)海和(he)(he)新(xin)疆按(an)照(zhao)當地光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)基準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)，因為執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)不同，光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量配(pei)比也(ye)就產生了(le)差異。甘肅的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比要(yao)求(qiu)1：6，青(qing)(qing)海和(he)(he)新(xin)疆因為上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)比較(jiao)低，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比就要(yao)1：9。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比完全是(shi)以現(xian)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)為基礎，在滿足投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低收(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)要(yao)求(qiu)條件下，將風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量壓到最低來(lai)(lai)確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)。問(wen)(wen)題是(shi)：在計算投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)時，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量都是(shi)按(an)照(zhao)100%的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量可以上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)來(lai)(lai)計算的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并沒有計算棄(qi)風(feng)和(he)(he)棄(qi)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量對(dui)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)理想(xiang)狀況是(shi)很能(neng)實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即使(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配(pei)置了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)系(xi)統來(lai)(lai)儲(chu)存無法上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，也(ye)要(yao)損失掉近(jin)三分之二，從而導(dao)致投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)益(yi)(yi)難以保(bao)障。

第二個(ge)問(wen)題是(shi)光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組的運(yun)行調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)方式不(bu)正確。按照目前多能(neng)互補一體化(hua)項目的原則是(shi)對一體化(hua)項目整體實行統(tong)一調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)，不(bu)單獨調(diao)(diao)(diao)用光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)。光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)優勢是(shi)長時(shi)(shi)間的儲(chu)能(neng)，可以(yi)連續(xu)24小時(shi)(shi)發(fa)電(dian)，可以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為旋轉備用持續(xu)的提(ti)供轉動慣量并隨時(shi)(shi)為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)提(ti)供電(dian)力支撐，但是(shi)如果(guo)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)不(bu)能(neng)單獨調(diao)(diao)(diao)用它，它在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的作(zuo)(zuo)用就(jiu)難以(yi)發(fa)揮了。前面(mian)講到，現在(zai)鼓勵將電(dian)源側和負荷側的儲(chu)能(neng)通過改(gai)造(zao)轉變成成獨立儲(chu)能(neng)，一定要調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)直(zhi)接(jie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)用，才能(neng)在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)里發(fa)揮更大的作(zuo)(zuo)用。所(suo)以(yi)我認為要充分發(fa)揮光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的作(zuo)(zuo)用，將其改(gai)為獨立的儲(chu)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)項目是(shi)大勢所(suo)趨。

第三(san)個問題是光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)配置原則不合理。由于在(zai)整個多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補一體化項目里面，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是虧(kui)損的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，所以投資方從投資收益上來(lai)考慮，就(jiu)盡可能(neng)(neng)(neng)削(xue)減(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)投資，這是投資方的(de)(de)無奈之舉(ju)。這樣一來(lai)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)削(xue)減(jian)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)規模(mo)，現在(zai)同(tong)容量(liang)(liang)機組(zu)的(de)(de)聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)規模(mo)比第一批示(shi)范項目減(jian)少了(le)近一半，那它的(de)(de)整年發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)還有(you)調節功能(neng)(neng)(neng)就(jiu)大(da)打(da)折扣(kou)，有(you)的(de)(de)項目年發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)還沒有(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)多(duo)(duo)。可以預見，這批項目投運以后，系統(tong)(tong)調度對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會有(you)所失(shi)望，因為聚(ju)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)規模(mo)的(de)(de)限制，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)像其他新(xin)型儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)作用(yong)一樣，每(mei)天在(zai)負荷高峰(feng)時段發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)幾個小(xiao)時，而不能(neng)(neng)(neng)連續24小(xiao)時作為旋轉備用(yong)、持續為系統(tong)(tong)提供轉動慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)，喪失(shi)了(le)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)長時儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)技術優勢。

第四個問(wen)題是送出(chu)的(de)(de)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方式不(bu)合理(li)。按照一體化項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)原則(ze)，要(yao)求項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中的(de)(de)各種電(dian)源都要(yao)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)一起，一個計量關口接入(ru)系統。但是往(wang)往(wang)風電(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)和光(guang)熱發電(dian)的(de)(de)站址之間有(you)一定的(de)(de)距離，如果都要(yao)先(xian)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)到(dao)(dao)一起，再接入(ru)系統，會提高(gao)匯(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)成(cheng)本；如果有(you)多個項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中在一個區域，匯(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線路也(ye)會交(jiao)叉(cha)零亂。因此，按照不(bu)同的(de)(de)地理(li)區域分別匯(hui)(hui)(hui)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更加合理(li)，只不(bu)過增(zeng)加計量關口表(biao)數量而(er)已。

三、風光熱儲能源基地開發方式及技術原則。

1、風光熱儲能源(yuan)基地(di)開發要點(dian)

風(feng)光(guang)熱(re)儲發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方式(shi)與前(qian)(qian)(qian)面講到的(de)(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)互補一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)上(shang)千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦，如果把(ba)它分成十多個(ge)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)(mu)，按照(zhao)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方式(shi)來(lai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展建設是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)出(chu)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)。兩者的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)差(cha)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)：目(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)項目(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)受制(zhi)于(yu)當前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)著眼點是(shi)(shi)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)上(shang)，并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)輸出(chu)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)提出(chu)硬性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。而發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)：在(zai)不依賴電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統已有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件下，基(ji)(ji)地(di)自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)輸出(chu)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，經(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)則是(shi)(shi)在(zai)確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)輸出(chu)特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二個(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素。因(yin)此(ci)我認為風(feng)光(guang)熱(re)儲發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)方式(shi)有(you)(you)如下幾個(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點：首(shou)(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對基(ji)(ji)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展系統研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，根據當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件和(he)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，來(lai)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)確(que)定(ding)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)基(ji)(ji)地(di)各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)配比，特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)把(ba)具(ju)有(you)(you)儲能(neng)和(he)靈活調節功(gong)(gong)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)清楚(chu)，例如：基(ji)(ji)地(di)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)24小時連續運(yun)行，在(zai)極端天氣條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件下，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)沒(mei)有(you)(you)出(chu)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)用天然(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保證一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率輸出(chu)。這(zhe)(zhe)些要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過系統研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)后確(que)定(ding)，也是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件。當系統研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)完成以后，第二個(ge)環節就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)確(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同種(zhong)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和(he)容(rong)量(liang)分別(bie)進行招(zhao)標(biao)(biao)，擅(shan)長做光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)商就(jiu)(jiu)投(tou)資(zi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)，擅(shan)長做風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)投(tou)資(zi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，擅(shan)長做光(guang)熱(re)就(jiu)(jiu)投(tou)資(zi)光(guang)熱(re)，在(zai)滿(man)足技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)提下誰(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價低誰(shui)中(zhong)標(biao)(biao)。

第三個環節就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)網公司(si)與中(zhong)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)開發商簽訂具(ju)有法(fa)律約束力的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期購電(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)同(tong)，招標(biao)文件中(zhong)對電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)要求和考核辦法(fa)及罰則都要寫(xie)入合(he)(he)同(tong)中(zhong)。最后的(de)(de)(de)環節就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)按照雙方簽訂的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)同(tong)來(lai)履約。嚴格履約合(he)(he)同(tong)條款，對防止電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開發商通過降低(di)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)功能(neng)實現低(di)價中(zhong)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)至關重要的(de)(de)(de)。

上面講的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個新能(neng)源(yuan)發電基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發要(yao)點，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建立在電源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上網電價(jia)(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機制完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)場化改革基(ji)礎上的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在缺乏(fa)上網電價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳導機制情(qing)況下，就很難實(shi)施。我(wo)國要(yao)實(shi)現碳中(zhong)和(he)，我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，雖(sui)然現在風(feng)電和(he)光伏的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本已經低(di)于燃(ran)煤發電，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疊加(jia)系統為(wei)它配套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本后就要(yao)比(bi)燃(ran)煤發電高(gao)多了。按照市(shi)場經濟(ji)規律，發電成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)向用(yong)(yong)電側(ce)傳導的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當然，地(di)方(fang)政府是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)根據自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)財政能(neng)力(li)，對需(xu)要(yao)補貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)進行補貼(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這些電力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)方(fang)納稅人(ren)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)金的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻者(zhe)。

關(guan)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)，今年2月10號，發改委、國家能源(yuan)局聯合發布(bu)的(de)(de)《關(guan)于完(wan)(wan)善綠色(se)低碳轉型體制(zhi)和政策措施意見》里面提出(chu)，要(yao)完(wan)(wan)善支持太陽能熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)和儲(chu)能等(deng)調節性電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)補(bu)償機制(zhi)。現在(zai)(zai)按(an)照燃煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)來(lai)采購光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不合理的(de)(de)，通過(guo)一(yi)體化項目(mu)中的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏和風電(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)彌補(bu)光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)虧損，并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)久(jiu)之計(ji)。按(an)照目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)做(zuo)法，政府部門先確(que)定了一(yi)個不合理的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，開發商(shang)再來(lai)根據上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)確(que)定光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)功能，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)末倒置的(de)(de)。所(suo)以，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形成機制(zhi)的(de)(de)市場(chang)化改革是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)務之急。這一(yi)改革需要(yao)一(yi)定的(de)(de)時(shi)間，在(zai)(zai)完(wan)(wan)成市場(chang)化改革之前(qian)，參照抽水蓄能兩部制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)方式(shi)，對光(guang)(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)給予一(yi)定的(de)(de)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)補(bu)貼并(bing)向后(hou)端傳導(dao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較簡單易行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)辦(ban)法。

2、風光熱儲(chu)能源基地(di)開發技術原則

風光熱儲能源基(ji)地開發技術(shu)原則主要有這(zhe)么幾點：

1）根據當地(di)的(de)(de)資源(yuan)情況和(he)特高壓(ya)輸(shu)電通道(dao)設計的(de)(de)功(gong)率曲線，包括輸(shu)電量，輸(shu)電功(gong)率，時(shi)間上的(de)(de)分(fen)布，合理選擇風(feng)電和(he)光(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)配比，因為風(feng)電與光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電存在季節出(chu)(chu)力互補性和(he)日出(chu)(chu)力互補性。

2）根據(ju)輸(shu)(shu)電通(tong)道(dao)最(zui)低的(de)(de)保障(zhang)(zhang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)要(yao)求，來確(que)定光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電和儲能(neng)的(de)(de)裝機(ji)容量(liang)，因為光(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)保障(zhang)(zhang)幾乎是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)的(de)(de)，風電的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)保障(zhang)(zhang)也就(jiu)10%。例如：一條輸(shu)(shu)電通(tong)道(dao)輸(shu)(shu)送功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)800萬千瓦(wa)，最(zui)低保障(zhang)(zhang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)60%，接近(jin)500萬千瓦(wa)，這一功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)必須靠光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電或者(zhe)儲能(neng)的(de)(de)裝機(ji)容量(liang)來保障(zhang)(zhang)。在極端氣象條件(jian)下(xia)，如果(guo)仍然需(xu)要(yao)一定的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)輸(shu)(shu)送，光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)組要(yao)配置(zhi)備(bei)用的(de)(de)天(tian)然氣系統，這個備(bei)用成本與備(bei)用燃汽輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)組相比要(yao)低得(de)多，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)配置(zhi)燃用天(tian)然氣的(de)(de)熔(rong)鹽加熱爐，后面(mian)的(de)(de)系統全是(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)(fa)電自身具有(you)的(de)(de)。

3）基(ji)地還需要(yao)適當(dang)配置其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)新型儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)系統(tong)，如：壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)說性能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)地有(you)(you)了光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，就不(bu)需要(yao)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)了，因為大家(jia)都知道，利(li)用光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)要(yao)把風電(dian)(dian)和光(guang)伏的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)轉成熱儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)起來(lai)，再轉成電(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)沒問(wen)題，但是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)是(shi)(shi)比較大的(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)損(sun)失(shi)2/3；而(er)相對來(lai)說，壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)轉換效(xiao)率(lv)可以做(zuo)(zuo)到70%，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)高(gao)可以做(zuo)(zuo)到80%，當(dang)然，系統(tong)轉化效(xiao)率(lv)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)唯一的(de)(de)(de)衡量(liang)因素(su)，關(guan)(guan)鍵還是(shi)(shi)要(yao)看儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)成本。任何(he)一項技術都是(shi)(shi)即有(you)(you)長(chang)處(chu)、又有(you)(you)短處(chu)，各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)用處(chu)，關(guan)(guan)鍵是(shi)(shi)如何(he)做(zuo)(zuo)好各(ge)(ge)種儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)配比，使其(qi)各(ge)(ge)盡(jin)所(suo)能(neng)。

4）在光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)裝機容量確定(ding)后(hou)，光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)內部的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)要(yao)依據發電(dian)(dian)基地對光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)定(ding)位確定(ding)。主要(yao)是對聚(ju)光(guang)集熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)規模(mo)和儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)容量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)深入的(de)(de)(de)優化。聚(ju)光(guang)集熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)規模(mo)和儲能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)容量對光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)影響非常大，同(tong)一地點相同(tong)容量的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)項目，由于系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，電(dian)(dian)站具備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)和調(diao)節功能(neng)(neng)可能(neng)(neng)是天(tian)壤(rang)之別(bie)。因此，光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)站內的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)必須要(yao)以(yi)滿(man)足發電(dian)(dian)基地對其要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)為要(yao)務(wu)。例如：發電(dian)(dian)基地要(yao)求光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)站全年要(yao)24小時(shi)連續發電(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)具有6小時(shi)滿(man)功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力。那么在確定(ding)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)站系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置(zhi)時(shi)，就要(yao)考慮在不(bu)同(tong)季節、光(guang)資源條件(jian)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，仍(reng)然可以(yi)滿(man)足要(yao)求。在極端天(tian)氣條件(jian)下(xia)，通(tong)過(guo)天(tian)然氣備(bei)用系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，也可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)輸出。

5）要(yao)(yao)(yao)注重對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)保護(hu)。不少地方(fang)政府在第一(yi)批光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范項(xiang)目開(kai)展以后(hou)，都開(kai)展了光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的(de)(de)規(gui)劃工作。大家知道光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)選址(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)比風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求高(gao)得多，所(suo)以這些資源非常寶(bao)貴。但是現在開(kai)展風光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)儲一(yi)體(ti)化項(xiang)目建(jian)設以后(hou)，很多風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)站址(zhi)(zhi)占用了已規(gui)劃的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)站址(zhi)(zhi)，那么將來(lai)如果這些地方(fang)再(zai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)擴(kuo)大光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)規(gui)模，選址(zhi)(zhi)就比較(jiao)困難了。相對而言，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏的(de)(de)選址(zhi)(zhi)比較(jiao)靈活，選址(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)容(rong)易得多，沒(mei)有必要(yao)(yao)(yao)占用光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)站址(zhi)(zhi)。

最后總結一下:

1、今年3月(yue)22號，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改委、國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)聯合(he)發(fa)(fa)布的《“十(shi)四五”現代(dai)能(neng)(neng)源體系規(gui)劃》中(zhong)明(ming)確，積極發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，因地(di)制宜建(jian)設天然氣調峰電(dian)(dian)站和發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)儲熱型太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，推動氣電(dian)(dian)，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)與(yu)風電(dian)(dian)，光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)融合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，聯合(he)運行(xing)，光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)作為新型電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的重(zhong)要支撐(cheng)技術(shu)之(zhi)一，必將(jiang)大有作為。

2、建設風光(guang)(guang)熱儲新(xin)(xin)能源基(ji)地(di)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對新(xin)(xin)能源基(ji)地(di)開(kai)展系(xi)(xi)統(tong)研究，合理確定(ding)各種(zhong)電(dian)源的(de)容量配比，明確主要(yao)(yao)調節電(dian)源的(de)功(gong)能；根據新(xin)(xin)能源基(ji)地(di)對光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)的(de)功(gong)能要(yao)(yao)求，合理配置光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)的(de)各個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)規模；光(guang)(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)以獨立電(dian)源方式上網(wang)，對于滿足電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)調峰、轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣量和旋轉(zhuan)備用(yong)等需(xu)求更為(wei)有利(li)。

3、要使光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)得到更好的發(fa)展，必須解決(jue)上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價的傳導機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)問題。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的上網電(dian)(dian)(dian)價形成機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)市場化改革完成之前，可以參照抽水蓄能兩部制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價模(mo)式，給予(yu)光(guang)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一定(ding)的容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，是最簡單易行(xing)的解決(jue)辦法。

謝謝各位！