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智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網是對電(dian)(dian)網未來(lai)發展(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)態的(de)探索(suo)和實(shi)踐(jian)，需順應(ying)能源轉型發展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢(shi)和能源革命要求，全(quan)面加快新形(xing)勢(shi)智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)(she)，實(shi)現能源電(dian)(dian)力的(de)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)。發展(zhan)(zhan)智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網應(ying)聚焦電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)本質(zhi)安全(quan)、整體(ti)效率、公(gong)共事(shi)業屬(shu)性，充分發揮其作為產業平臺的(de)優勢(shi)。同時(shi)，推進智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)(she)需要政府、電(dian)(dian)網企業及全(quan)社會(hui)共同參與、統籌協調(diao)、形(xing)成合力。

新(xin)中國(guo)成立以來，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業經歷(li)了由小到(dao)大、由弱變(bian)強、從(cong)落后走向先進的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展歷(li)程，奠定了堅(jian)實的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展基(ji)礎。1949-2019年，我國(guo)全社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到(dao)7.2萬億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)超過1900倍(bei)；全國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量(liang)達到(dao)20億千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)超過1000倍(bei)；電(dian)(dian)網規模迅猛發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，35kV及(ji)以上輸電(dian)(dian)線路長(chang)(chang)度(du)達到(dao)190萬千(qian)(qian)米、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)達到(dao)70億千(qian)(qian)伏安(an)，電(dian)(dian)壓等級已(yi)達到(dao)1100千(qian)(qian)伏的世界最高水平。電(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業的巨大發(fa)(fa)(fa)展成就，為我國(guo)經濟社會(hui)的高速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展提供了堅(jian)實的電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應保障。

十九(jiu)大后，中(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義進(jin)入新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代，我國經(jing)濟由高速增長(chang)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉向高質量發展(zhan)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。在(zai)(zai)能源轉型的總體趨勢和(he)日益復(fu)雜的國際形(xing)勢下，面對新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代的新(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)勢新(xin)(xin)(xin)要求(qiu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科技革命和(he)產業變革的新(xin)(xin)(xin)機遇(yu)，我國電(dian)力(li)工業發展(zhan)呈現新(xin)(xin)(xin)特征(zheng)、孵化新(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)態(tai)、涌(yong)現新(xin)(xin)(xin)業態(tai)。傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)信息化、自動化、互(hu)動化的驅(qu)動下，通過集成(cheng)(cheng)先進(jin)技術應用，逐步形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一代電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)——智能電(dian)網。

在(zai)此(ci)基礎上，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業不斷演化升(sheng)級，數字化、物聯網及5G等新技術突破催生電(dian)力(li)物聯網；電(dian)網智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化水平提升(sheng)帶(dai)動(dong)多種能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)優(you)化互(hu)補，促進綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、智慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)；“互(hu)聯網+”理念衍生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯網等發展(zhan)新形(xing)態。新時代(dai)背景(jing)下，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)網在(zai)現代(dai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系(xi)中的戰略定(ding)位更加重要，需順應能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型發展(zhan)趨勢和能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命要求(qiu)，全面加快(kuai)新形(xing)勢智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)網建設，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)的高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)。

能源電力轉型對電網發展提出新要求

進(jin)(jin)(jin)入工業(ye)文(wen)明(ming)以來(lai)，化石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)使用大大促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了人類文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)程(cheng)，但同(tong)時也帶來(lai)了資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)枯竭、環境污染、氣候變化、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)等現(xian)實(shi)問(wen)題。在(zai)全(quan)球新一(yi)輪科技革(ge)命和(he)產業(ye)變革(ge)中，互聯網(wang)理念、先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)信(xin)息技術與(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)深度融合，也對(dui)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)發展(zhan)產生了深遠的(de)(de)影(ying)響。進(jin)(jin)(jin)入新時代，我(wo)國積(ji)極推進(jin)(jin)(jin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)與(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命，著力構(gou)建清潔(jie)低(di)碳、安全(quan)高(gao)效的(de)(de)現(xian)代能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系，對(dui)電網(wang)發展(zhan)提出了新要(yao)求。

電(dian)力消(xiao)費增(zeng)長仍(reng)具潛力，電(dian)氣化(hua)水(shui)平持(chi)續(xu)提升(sheng)(sheng)，電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)(xu)規模與質量(liang)(liang)并重。新時代要處(chu)理(li)好人民日益(yi)增(zeng)長的(de)美好生活需(xu)(xu)要和(he)不平衡不充分發(fa)展(zhan)之間(jian)的(de)矛盾，需(xu)(xu)要繼續(xu)堅持(chi)經濟的(de)高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。對比世界(jie)發(fa)達國家發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平，我國未來用電(dian)需(xu)(xu)求增(zeng)長仍(reng)有較大潛力。隨(sui)著我國經濟結構調整(zheng)的(de)深(shen)化(hua)和(he)終端(duan)能源消(xiao)費的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)級，電(dian)氣化(hua)水(shui)平將持(chi)續(xu)提升(sheng)(sheng)。電(dian)網(wang)規模尤其是中低壓電(dian)網(wang)建設仍(reng)將持(chi)續(xu)擴大，電(dian)力供應的(de)可(ke)靠性及供電(dian)質量(liang)(liang)需(xu)(xu)求也將進一(yi)步提升(sheng)(sheng)。

新時代電(dian)力(li)安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障及綠色發展(zhan)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)網提出(chu)更(geng)高(gao)要求(qiu)。在新時代國家總體(ti)安全(quan)(quan)觀的要求(qiu)下，能源電(dian)力(li)供應安全(quan)(quan)的重要性逐步凸顯，電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的安全(quan)(quan)穩(wen)定運行(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)于保(bao)障國民經濟平穩(wen)發展(zhan)發揮著關鍵作用。可再生(sheng)能源比例持(chi)續提升，更(geng)大范圍(wei)、更(geng)大規模的交直流混聯電(dian)網建設(she)都(dou)(dou)在不同程度(du)地影響(xiang)電(dian)網的運行(xing)(xing)特性，電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場化改革的深入推進也(ye)會產生(sheng)更(geng)為(wei)復雜多樣的系(xi)統運行(xing)(xing)方式，這些(xie)都(dou)(dou)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)網的安全(quan)(quan)運行(xing)(xing)和管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平提出(chu)了(le)更(geng)高(gao)要求(qiu)。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)未來發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形態的探索和實(shi)踐(jian)。近年來，“數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)”“堅強智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)”“泛(fan)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)物(wu)聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)”“能(neng)(neng)源互聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)”等新概(gai)念層(ceng)出(chu)不窮(qiong)，但其實(shi)質都是對(dui)新需求下電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形態的探索和嘗試，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標一致(zhi)，只(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)表述(shu)上各(ge)有側重。我國早在(zai)(zai)2015年就(jiu)發(fa)布了《關于促進智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的指(zhi)導意(yi)見》，明(ming)確大(da)力(li)推進智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)。在(zai)(zai)不斷實(shi)踐(jian)的過程中也逐步(bu)發(fa)現，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)不應(ying)僅局(ju)限于電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)、信(xin)息化(hua)等范疇，而應(ying)從未來能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的高度著眼，統籌(chou)研(yan)判電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向和路線；在(zai)(zai)建(jian)設(she)過程中，既要百花(hua)齊(qi)放，也要重點突出(chu)，聚焦電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的中心定位，著力(li)解(jie)決核(he)心問(wen)題。

加快智能電網發展要把握四個要點

智能電網(wang)(wang)建設是(shi)一項復雜的系(xi)統性(xing)工程，涵蓋電力(li)系(xi)統的全(quan)環節、全(quan)領域，對能源行業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、城市(shi)轉型升級(ji)及經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)都(dou)起(qi)著舉足輕重的作用。發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)智能電網(wang)(wang)應立(li)足長遠、高點站位，從我國新時(shi)代高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)局(ju)出(chu)發(fa)，研判(pan)未來能源電力(li)行業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)趨勢，準(zhun)確把握(wo)我國電網(wang)(wang)的發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方向和演(yan)進(jin)路(lu)線(xian)，加(jia)快推進(jin)智能電網(wang)(wang)建設。

聚(ju)焦電(dian)力系統的本質安全，提(ti)高駕馭復(fu)雜大電(dian)網(wang)運行調控水平。國(guo)家(jia)總體安全觀(guan)對大電(dian)網(wang)安全提(ti)出了新要求，高質量(liang)發展新形態催生了負荷側(ce)新需求，大電(dian)網(wang)安全與用(yong)戶供(gong)電(dian)質量(liang)是不可分割(ge)的兩個(ge)方面。

隨著西電(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)送發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和可再生(sheng)能源(yuan)大規模開發(fa)(fa)，復雜大電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)對(dui)系統安全(quan)穩定運行帶(dai)來了(le)挑戰，持續提升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)度控制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)平應是智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)中之重(zhong)(zhong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)度控制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨勢應貫(guan)穿發(fa)(fa)輸(shu)配用(yong)全(quan)環節，實現全(quan)過程、一體化，不宜人(ren)(ren)為地將主網(wang)側(ce)與配用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)割(ge)裂(lie)；同(tong)時，還需考慮人(ren)(ren)工(gong)智能、大數(shu)據、云(yun)計算、區塊鏈等(deng)新技(ji)術的(de)融合創(chuang)新，推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)控技(ji)術迭代升(sheng)級(ji)。

聚(ju)焦(jiao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的整(zheng)體效(xiao)(xiao)率，提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)資(zi)產(chan)運(yun)營及管理(li)水(shui)平。新時代電(dian)(dian)網(wang)高質量發展的目(mu)標在于實(shi)現(xian)從規模(mo)擴張到(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)益提升的轉變(bian)(bian)，將改變(bian)(bian)傳統(tong)粗放式(shi)發展模(mo)式(shi)，推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)變(bian)(bian)革和(he)管理(li)理(li)念革新。應(ying)用(yong)云(yun)大物移(yi)智等(deng)新技(ji)術(shu)，提高電(dian)(dian)網(wang)設(she)備、運(yun)行、管理(li)等(deng)全環節的感知與(yu)控制能力(li)；注重底(di)(di)層設(she)施的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)模(mo)型及標準建設(she)，提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)質量，強化(hua)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)管理(li)；同(tong)步開展基礎設(she)施智能化(hua)與(yu)數(shu)字平臺建設(she)，實(shi)現(xian)底(di)(di)層設(she)施與(yu)上(shang)層業(ye)務的貫通，優化(hua)系統(tong)運(yun)行和(he)管理(li)；深入挖掘(jue)資(zi)產(chan)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)價值，實(shi)現(xian)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)驅(qu)動決策，提升電(dian)(dian)網(wang)資(zi)產(chan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率與(yu)管理(li)效(xiao)(xiao)益。

聚(ju)焦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)公共(gong)事業(ye)屬性，促進可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力水平(ping)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網自身(shen)具備典型的(de)(de)公共(gong)事業(ye)屬性，服(fu)務用戶、服(fu)務經濟社會發(fa)展是(shi)其核心(xin)定位。推(tui)進智能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)，應(ying)不斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏等可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)力，滿(man)足多元(yuan)負荷發(fa)展需求，提(ti)(ti)供靈活、友好、便捷的(de)(de)用戶響(xiang)應(ying)服(fu)務，創新發(fa)展分(fen)布式能(neng)源(yuan)、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、儲能(neng)等多種用能(neng)形式，支(zhi)撐經濟社會低碳(tan)綠色(se)發(fa)展；不斷(duan)豐富能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力服(fu)務的(de)(de)內(nei)涵和外延(yan)，拓展能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力服(fu)務新模式，持續提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力水平(ping)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力普遍服(fu)務能(neng)力，增強(qiang)用戶獲(huo)(huo)得(de)感。

充分發(fa)揮電(dian)網(wang)作為產(chan)業(ye)平臺(tai)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)，促進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)享(xiang)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。電(dian)網(wang)作為能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)配置的(de)(de)重要平臺(tai)，在(zai)引(yin)領行業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過程中具(ju)有(you)天然優勢(shi)。應依托電(dian)網(wang)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)建(jian)設推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業(ye)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)化(hua)，深入挖掘能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)價值(zhi)，積極(ji)培育能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)生態產(chan)業(ye)鏈，建(jian)立能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)服(fu)務(wu)與信(xin)息安全標(biao)準化(hua)體系，推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信(xin)息服(fu)務(wu)、綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)等領域(yu)的(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)，實現能(neng)(neng)量流、信(xin)息流、價值(zhi)流的(de)(de)“三流合一”，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)，促進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)享(xiang)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

推進智能電網建設的三點建議

鑒于(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)涉及范圍大(da)、影響領域(yu)廣、挑(tiao)戰難(nan)度大(da)，推進智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設需要政(zheng)府、電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業及全社(she)會共同參與、統(tong)籌協調、形成合(he)力(li)，逐(zhu)步形成有利于(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展的(de)良好環境，加(jia)快智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)落地(di)。

做好頂層設計(ji)，加(jia)強(qiang)行業(ye)(ye)指導。堅(jian)持(chi)規(gui)劃先行，基于新(xin)形勢新(xin)要求進一步組織深化智能電(dian)網(wang)(wang)研(yan)究，明確新(xin)時代(dai)智能電(dian)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)技術(shu)路(lu)線和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)模式(shi)，建立健全智能電(dian)網(wang)(wang)相關(guan)標準體(ti)系，推動智能電(dian)網(wang)(wang)國(guo)際合(he)作(zuo)創新(xin)；統籌(chou)加(jia)強(qiang)對行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)指導，加(jia)大各行業(ye)(ye)之間的(de)協調力度，為智能電(dian)網(wang)(wang)未來發(fa)展(zhan)指明方(fang)向。

試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)先行，統籌協調推進。鼓(gu)勵試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)，因地制(zhi)宜(yi)開(kai)展各類創新示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)，加強對(dui)創新示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目的科學(xue)評估和(he)閉環管理(li)，著(zhu)重考察創新示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目的技術經濟性和(he)市場前景，逐步探索形成可復(fu)制(zhi)可推廣的經驗和(he)成果，通過試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)統籌引領(ling)智能(neng)電網(wang)規(gui)模化建(jian)設(she)。

完(wan)(wan)善(shan)配套機(ji)(ji)制，培(pei)育創(chuang)新土(tu)壤。逐步(bu)完(wan)(wan)善(shan)智能電(dian)網(wang)配套政策體系，在項目建設(she)、并網(wang)、交易等方面予以政策支持；完(wan)(wan)善(shan)相(xiang)關(guan)機(ji)(ji)制建設(she)，培(pei)育開放(fang)共(gong)享(xiang)的市(shi)場環(huan)境，支持儲(chu)能、微電(dian)網(wang)、分布式能源等能源形態健康發(fa)展(zhan)；推動構建智能電(dian)網(wang)創(chuang)新創(chuang)業(ye)體系，引導各(ge)方共(gong)同參與，激發(fa)產業(ye)鏈發(fa)展(zhan)活力，培(pei)育創(chuang)新土(tu)壤。

全(quan)面加快智能(neng)電(dian)網建設是落實新時代(dai)能(neng)源轉型(xing)與能(neng)源革命(ming)要求的有效(xiao)途徑(jing)，具(ju)有廣闊的發(fa)展前(qian)景，但(dan)也面臨著極大(da)的挑戰。應準確把(ba)握我國(guo)新形勢智能(neng)電(dian)網的發(fa)展定位，科學謀劃(hua)合(he)理可行(xing)的發(fa)展路(lu)線(xian)，以創新示范統籌引領智能(neng)電(dian)網建設，推(tui)進能(neng)源電(dian)力行(xing)業高質量發(fa)展。