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自中(zhong)發9號啟動本次電力(li)體制改革以來，制度設(she)計部門一直(zhi)在思考如何有序健(jian)康推進電力(li)市場建(jian)設(she)。今年9月(yue)國家能源局印(yin)發《關(guan)于加強電力(li)中(zhong)長期交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易監管的意(yi)見》，明確要規范(fan)參(can)(can)與交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易行為，嚴(yan)禁不正(zheng)當(dang)競爭，促進售電企業公(gong)平(ping)參(can)(can)與市場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易，確保(bao)參(can)(can)與市場交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易的售電業務(wu)與其他業務(wu)獨(du)立運(yun)營并制定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)工作(zuo)規范(fan)。

當下，存在兩種(zhong)現(xian)象。一(yi)(yi)是現(xian)實中各(ge)省市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源側普(pu)遍(bian)利用寡頭(tou)壟斷(duan)市(shi)場(chang)優勢達(da)成一(yi)(yi)致約定，給(gei)予非(fei)關聯(lian)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)高價、關聯(lian)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)低價，以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)源側關聯(lian)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)低價去搶(qiang)用戶(hu)或者發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)用遠低于給(gei)予非(fei)關聯(lian)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)價格直接去電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)搶(qiang)用戶(hu)的(de)現(xian)象非(fei)常(chang)普(pu)遍(bian)；二是國網(wang)綜(zong)合能源服務(wu)省級(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在各(ge)市(shi)級(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)成立分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，由所在區(qu)域市(shi)級(ji)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)管經(jing)營領導(dao)、營銷(xiao)部(bu)等職(zhi)能部(bu)門(men)領導(dao)兼任(ren)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)領導(dao)并負責(ze)業(ye)務(wu)開拓。

第一種現象(xiang)(xiang)是導致各(ge)省市(shi)均(jun)有(you)售電(dian)公(gong)司退市(shi)、售電(dian)公(gong)司告發(fa)電(dian)企業壟斷等(deng)的(de)根源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；第二(er)種現象(xiang)(xiang)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引起輸配電(dian)價(jia)核定不真實，計入定價(jia)成本的(de)費(fei)用(yong)本應(ying)限于電(dian)網企業提供輸配電(dian)服務(wu)發(fa)生的(de)直接費(fei)用(yong)以及需要分攤的(de)間接費(fei)用(yong)，但由于工作(zuo)人員兼任(ren)而可(ke)能(neng)(neng)將綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)分公(gong)司相關費(fei)用(yong)轉嫁進入；第二(er)種現場(chang)還有(you)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)因兼任(ren)人員利用(yong)擔(dan)任(ren)電(dian)網市(shi)級公(gong)司職務(wu)之便，用(yong)非正當競爭手段為綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)分公(gong)司獲取業務(wu)，在綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)市(shi)場(chang)再次(ci)形(xing)成壟斷。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場建設(she)反壟(long)(long)斷不(bu)如(ru)反不(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)競(jing)爭。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)寡(gua)頭(tou)壟(long)(long)斷市場是(shi)(shi)先天的(de)，但不(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)競(jing)爭是(shi)(shi)后天的(de)，需(xu)要在監管上、制度設(she)計上加強。一是(shi)(shi)對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)或關聯企業(ye)進行售電(dian)(dian)(dian)底價限(xian)制，明確直(zhi)接銷售價格(ge)不(bu)得(de)低于給予非(fei)關聯售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公司的(de)價格(ge)，否(fou)則視為不(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)競(jing)爭；二(er)是(shi)(shi)綜合能源服(fu)務(wu)公司人(ren)、財、物必須與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)提供輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)的(de)企業(ye)進行完全隔離，規范運行。

電力市場(chang)建設，監管(guan)需(xu)落地(di)。