11月7日,第一屆博鰲(ao)智能電網(wang)國際論(lun)壇在(zai)海南博鰲(ao)舉行(xing)。中國電力建(jian)設(she)集團有限公(gong)司總工(gong)程師周建(jian)平在(zai)主旨(zhi)演(yan)講中指出(chu),隨著全球人(ren)(ren)口(kou)、GDP的(de)增長,能源需求也(ye)在(zai)不斷(duan)上升,為解決(jue)好(hao)人(ren)(ren)類用能問(wen)題,開發可再生能源和構(gou)建(jian)智能電網(wang)將是重要的(de)解決(jue)措施。
據周建平介(jie)紹,截至(zhi)2018年(nian)底,全(quan)球(qiu)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機(ji)(ji)達5.93億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電裝機(ji)(ji)4.95億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa),新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)(ji)占全(quan)球(qiu)電力總裝機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量的(de)1/6,近年(nian)全(quan)球(qiu)新(xin)增裝機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量中,風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量占50%以上。“全(quan)球(qiu)正由以化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主導(dao)(dao)的(de)傳統能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系向以可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主導(dao)(dao)的(de)綠色低碳能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系轉型,”他表示,目(mu)(mu)前(qian)已有(you)120多個國家研(yan)究(jiu)制定(ding)了(le)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展目(mu)(mu)標(biao),發展可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)已成為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型和應對氣(qi)候變化的(de)重大舉措。
對于國(guo)內新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展趨勢,周建平預計,到(dao)(dao)2020年,我國(guo)非(fei)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占一(yi)次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費比重將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)15%,可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量占全(quan)社(she)會用電(dian)(dian)量比重將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)30%;到(dao)(dao)2030年,我國(guo)非(fei)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占一(yi)次能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費比重將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)20%,可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量占全(quan)社(she)會用電(dian)(dian)量比重將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)40%。在他看來,“十三五”后期是新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由補充能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上升為(wei)替代能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),乃至主導能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的過渡期,我國(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)制革命為(wei)中心,以(yi)構建清潔低碳(tan)、安全(quan)高(gao)效的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系為(wei)方針,穩步(bu)推進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展。
其中(zhong),隨著(zhu)風(feng)電、太陽能(neng)等新能(neng)源(yuan)發電轉換效率提升和成本下降,“預計到2050年(nian),我(wo)國可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)將占一次能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費比(bi)重(zhong)50%、可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)發電量(liang)將占全(quan)社會用電量(liang)比(bi)重(zhong)達80%,”周(zhou)建平(ping)表示,“我(wo)國新能(neng)源(yuan)發展前景十分廣闊。”
與(yu)此同時,多能(neng)互(hu)補清潔能(neng)源(yuan)系統的發展,源(yuan)-網(wang)-荷-儲統籌協調發展,也(ye)將(jiang)是(shi)未來(lai)新能(neng)源(yuan)發展的重(zhong)要趨(qu)勢。周建(jian)平(ping)(ping)指出,未來(lai)在(zai)發電(dian)側(ce),要做好各類電(dian)源(yuan)開發建(jian)設、運營管理(li),不斷(duan)提高能(neng)力和(he)水平(ping)(ping);在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)側(ce),要加強輸電(dian)通道,推進(jin)送出工程與(yu)項目建(jian)設協同規劃和(he)推進(jin);在(zai)用戶(hu)側(ce),要做好消納和(he)市場研究,使各類電(dian)源(yuan)建(jian)得成(cheng)、送得出、用得掉。
在周建(jian)平看來,大(da)量風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)并網(wang)將增(zeng)加系統調(diao)(diao)峰、調(diao)(diao)頻難(nan)度,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)安全、經(jing)濟運行帶來挑戰(zhan),為實現(xian)高(gao)比例可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)高(gao)效消(xiao)納利(li)用(yong),需要采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側、負荷側的(de)綜合技(ji)術與管理措施,提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統靈活調(diao)(diao)節和資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置能(neng)力(li)。同時,實現(xian)多能(neng)互補,儲能(neng)應(ying)用(yong),水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、抽蓄和新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)配(pei)合應(ying)用(yong)是促進(jin)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納的(de)重要舉措。
周建(jian)平(ping)認為,當前(qian),全國(guo)大江大河(he)水電(dian)開發格局已(yi)經形成(cheng),通過(guo)流域(yu)水風光互(hu)補(bu),可(ke)將(jiang)水電(dian)基(ji)地打造成(cheng)流域(yu)水風光互(hu)補(bu)清潔能(neng)源基(ji)地。他(ta)進一(yi)步表示,“中(zhong)國(guo)東部、中(zhong)部地區(qu)通過(guo)建(jian)設抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)電(dian)站、水電(dian)擴機、煤電(dian)靈活性改造,實現與(yu)分(fen)布式風電(dian)、光伏(fu)發電(dian)的多(duo)能(neng)互(hu)補(bu)。”
“新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)形勢和外部環境正在發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua),”周(zhou)建(jian)平指出(chu),新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)進入更(geng)大規(gui)模發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的新(xin)階(jie)段,智能(neng)化(hua)電(dian)力系統能(neng)夠(gou)更(geng)好適應高比(bi)例新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan),同時,電(dian)力市場化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)也將(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)得更(geng)多新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企業參與(yu)到電(dian)力銷(xiao)售市場的競爭。
