近日中廣核(he)宣(xuan)布(bu)國內最(zui)大熔(rong)鹽槽式(shi)集熱(re)器(qi)原型機完成試制(zhi),已(yi)在剛(gang)剛(gang)建成的全球最(zui)大槽式(shi)集熱(re)器(qi)太陽法向輻(fu)射跟蹤(zong)平臺上(shang)組裝,目(mu)前正(zheng)在開展聯合調試。
這是(shi)我國(guo)光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術快(kuai)速(su)進(jin)步(bu)的又一成果。業(ye)內人(ren)士指出,光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)兼(jian)具調峰電(dian)(dian)源和(he)儲(chu)能的雙重(zhong)功能,是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)規劃建設新型能源體系的有效(xiao)支撐。近年(nian)來(lai),隨著政策(ce)支持力度(du)加(jia)大,光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)加(jia)速(su)“升溫”,有望(wang)迎來(lai)規模化發展(zhan)新階段(duan)。不過,當前還需(xu)整個產(chan)業(ye)鏈發力,進(jin)一步(bu)開展(zhan)核心技(ji)術攻關,降低(di)光熱(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)成本,解決經濟性問題。
中(zhong)國(guo)廣(guang)核(he)(003816)集(ji)團近日在(zai)光熱(re)產業(ye)創新發(fa)(fa)展論壇上表示,中(zhong)廣(guang)核(he)在(zai)光熱(re)領域已(yi)累計帶動(dong)產業(ye)鏈上下游600家企業(ye)共(gong)同發(fa)(fa)展。中(zhong)廣(guang)核(he)正在(zai)青海(hai)、吉林、西藏等地(di)推(tui)動(dong)一批光熱(re)一體(ti)化項目建設(she),另外還在(zai)甘肅、新疆等地(di)區開發(fa)(fa)布(bu)局(ju)新的光熱(re)項目。
中廣核與600家企業共建光熱產業鏈
“光(guang)熱發電(dian)以其獨特的(de)技術優勢,兼(jian)具(ju)調峰電(dian)源和儲能的(de)雙重功(gong)能,是新(xin)(xin)能源安全可(ke)靠替(ti)代傳統能源的(de)有效(xiao)手段,是加快規劃建設新(xin)(xin)型(xing)能源體系的(de)有效(xiao)支撐。在加快構建中(zhong)(zhong)國式現代化進程中(zhong)(zhong),光(guang)熱產(chan)業的(de)崛起,不僅關(guan)乎(hu)能源產(chan)業結構的(de)深度(du)變革,更關(guan)乎(hu)新(xin)(xin)質生產(chan)力的(de)孕育與釋放(fang)。”中(zhong)(zhong)國廣核集團黨(dang)委常(chang)委、副總(zong)經理李(li)亦倫說。
中廣核已開(kai)發出具備自主知識產權的(de)大(da)開(kai)口熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)介質槽式(shi)集(ji)熱器(qi)系統(tong),該(gai)集(ji)熱器(qi)系統(tong)原型機已于2024年1月完成(cheng)試制,于4月15日在剛剛建成(cheng)的(de)槽式(shi)集(ji)熱器(qi)太陽法向輻射(she)跟(gen)蹤平臺完成(cheng)組裝,目前正在開(kai)展聯(lian)合調試。其集(ji)熱器(qi)開(kai)口為(wei)8.6米,集(ji)熱溫度(du)(du)550攝(she)氏度(du)(du),是(shi)目前國(guo)內(nei)最(zui)大(da)的(de)使(shi)用熔(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)介質的(de)槽式(shi)集(ji)熱器(qi),徹底突破了槽式(shi)集(ji)熱器(qi)需國(guo)外授權使(shi)用的(de)技術瓶頸,解決了傳統(tong)集(ji)熱器(qi)支架用鋼量大(da)、成(cheng)本高昂的(de)問(wen)題,后續將通過型號研發,牽引國(guo)內(nei)產業鏈快(kuai)速發展。
“槽(cao)式太(tai)陽(yang)能發電(dian)集熱器球形接頭具(ju)有自主知識產權,其維護(hu)性能等(deng)技術(shu)指(zhi)標達到(dao)國際(ji)領(ling)先水平,已具(ju)備在槽(cao)式太(tai)陽(yang)能光熱電(dian)站批量(liang)化(hua)應用(yong)條(tiao)件,可完全實(shi)現國產化(hua)替代,打破了國外技術(shu)壟斷,造價僅(jin)為(wei)國外同類產品(pin)的50%。”中廣(guang)核(he)德令(ling)哈項(xiang)目(mu)總經理劉一(yi)丁表示(shi),以5萬(wan)千(qian)瓦槽(cao)式太(tai)陽(yang)能熱發電(dian)站為(wei)例,安裝4000臺國產化(hua)球形接頭,可節省成本(ben)1000萬(wan)元。
為(wei)推動我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電技術(shu)產業(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展,國(guo)家(jia)能源局2016年啟動首批(pi)20個光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電示范項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu),裝機規模(mo)(mo)總量達(da)134.9萬千瓦,開啟了我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發(fa)電的(de)商(shang)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程。“中(zhong)(zhong)廣核(he)德令(ling)(ling)哈項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)是國(guo)家(jia)首批(pi)20個光(guang)(guang)熱(re)示范項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)第一(yi)個開工建設(she),第一(yi)個并網發(fa)電的(de)大型商(shang)業(ye)化(hua)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電站(zhan),我國(guo)也由此成為(wei)全球第八個擁有(you)大規模(mo)(mo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)技術(shu)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)。”中(zhong)(zhong)廣核(he)德令(ling)(ling)哈項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)黨支部書記楊濤表示,中(zhong)(zhong)廣核(he)德令(ling)(ling)哈項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)2018年投(tou)產以(yi)來,累計發(fa)電4.3億(yi)千瓦時。
政策助推光熱發電規模化
光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)將太陽能(neng)(neng)轉化為(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)、通過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)功轉換發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)(guo)程。相比傳統發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最大的優(you)勢是(shi)可以儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站就像一個“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)寶”,光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)充(chong)足時能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)不足時也(ye)能(neng)(neng)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。白天利用太陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)熔鹽(yan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)介質吸收熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),同時儲(chu)存多余(yu)的熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng),等(deng)(deng)(deng)到(dao)夜晚、陰(yin)雨天等(deng)(deng)(deng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)不足的時候,存儲(chu)的熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)可以繼續支(zhi)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),從而(er)達(da)到(dao)24小時不間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)新能(neng)(neng)源產(chan)業中,光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)具有連(lian)續、穩定輸(shu)出的優(you)點,是(shi)未來解決新能(neng)(neng)源并(bing)網消(xiao)納(na)的一大優(you)勢,也(ye)讓(rang)我國在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)清潔能(neng)(neng)源時多了(le)一種(zhong)調配手段。
《中國太陽(yang)能熱發電(dian)(dian)行業(ye)藍皮書2023》數(shu)據顯示,截至(zhi)2023年(nian)底(di),我國兆(zhao)瓦(wa)級規模以上光熱發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)累計裝機(ji)(ji)容量588兆(zhao)瓦(wa),在全(quan)球太陽(yang)能熱發電(dian)(dian)累計裝機(ji)(ji)容量中占(zhan)比7.8%;其中,并(bing)網太陽(yang)能熱發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)容量570兆(zhao)瓦(wa),包括11座(zuo)太陽(yang)能熱電(dian)(dian)站。根據聚(ju)光形式的不同,在我國并(bing)網光熱電(dian)(dian)站中,熔(rong)鹽(yan)塔式占(zhan)比64.9%,導(dao)熱油槽式占(zhan)比26.3%,熔(rong)鹽(yan)線性菲涅爾式占(zhan)比8.8%。
2023年(nian),隨(sui)著運(yun)行經驗(yan)的(de)(de)積累和運(yun)行水平的(de)(de)逐步提(ti)高,各太陽能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)示范電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)運(yun)行性能(neng)(neng)不(bu)斷提(ti)高,逐步進(jin)入穩定發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)期(qi),發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量大幅(fu)提(ti)升。隨(sui)著以沙漠、戈(ge)壁(bi)、荒漠地區為(wei)重(zhong)點的(de)(de)大型風電(dian)(dian)光伏基(ji)地建設(she)加快推進(jin),作為(wei)落實市場化并(bing)網條(tiao)件的(de)(de)配套選擇(ze)之一,光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目不(bu)斷增加。根據國家(jia)太陽能(neng)(neng)光熱聯(lian)盟統計,截(jie)至(zhi)2023年(nian)12月31日(ri),我國在建和擬建(列入政府(fu)名單)光熱發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目約43個,總裝機(ji)容量480萬千瓦,預計最晚將(jiang)于2025年(nian)完成建設(she)。
2023年(nian),國家能(neng)源局(ju)發(fa)布(bu)的《關于推動光熱(re)發(fa)電規(gui)模(mo)化發(fa)展(zhan)有關事(shi)項的通知》提出,積極開展(zhan)光熱(re)規(gui)模(mo)化發(fa)展(zhan)研(yan)究工作(zuo),力爭“十四五”期(qi)間,全國光熱(re)發(fa)電每(mei)年(nian)新增開工規(gui)模(mo)達到300萬千(qian)瓦左右。
國際能源署預測,中(zhong)國光熱(re)發電(dian)裝機量(liang)到(dao)2030年將達到(dao)29吉瓦、到(dao)2040年將達到(dao)88吉瓦、到(dao)2050年將達到(dao)118吉瓦;未來中(zhong)國光熱(re)發電(dian)市(shi)場的規模將超萬億(yi)元。