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能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力是經濟發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)基礎。近年來，在習近平總書(shu)記“四個革命、一(yi)個合作”能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)戰(zhan)略指引下，我國能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力行業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)取得舉世矚目的(de)成(cheng)就，有力支(zhi)撐了我國經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代(dai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)征程(cheng)上，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力行業(ye)進入新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)階段，面臨(lin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)形勢新(xin)(xin)(xin)挑戰(zhan)，也同樣蘊含新(xin)(xin)(xin)機遇新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)。我們要深入貫徹落實黨中央決策部署，統(tong)籌發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)安全(quan)，加快建設新(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代(dai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力強國，積極構建清潔低碳、安全(quan)高效的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)，為(wei)中國式現代(dai)化建設提供堅強能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)保障(zhang)。

一、深刻認識能源電力行業發展新形勢

習近平總(zong)書記多次(ci)強調(diao)，“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)飯碗必須端在(zai)(zai)自(zi)己手里”。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)是(shi)保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)內能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)的(de)經(jing)濟問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，也(ye)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家戰(zhan)略問(wen)(wen)題(ti)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)際戰(zhan)略問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。新時(shi)代(dai)十年，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)煤、油(you)、氣(qi)(qi)、核、可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多輪驅動(dong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)體系(xi)(xi)不斷(duan)完善，煤炭先進產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有序釋放，油(you)氣(qi)(qi)行業持續增(zeng)儲上產(chan)，核電(dian)裝機規(gui)模穩步增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實現跨越(yue)式發(fa)展(zhan)。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)次(ci)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)總(zong)量(liang)從2012年的(de)33億(yi)噸(dun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤，增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)2022年的(de)46.6億(yi)噸(dun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤，有力(li)(li)(li)(li)支撐了我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)給率(lv)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)80%以(yi)上。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和質量(liang)顯(xian)著(zhu)提升，有效保(bao)障了我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求。但(dan)與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)，持續保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)供給的(de)難度(du)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)不斷(duan)增(zeng)加。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供需平衡(heng)的(de)難度(du)加大。2022年，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)量(liang)54.1億(yi)噸(dun)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤，居世界第一(yi)，但(dan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)均能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費量(liang)僅為(wei)(wei)經(jing)合(he)組織成員國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)65%，不足美國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)40%。今后一(yi)段時(shi)期，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)量(liang)仍將持續剛性增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)。受(shou)制于資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦(fu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)局部緊(jin)張問(wen)(wen)題(ti)時(shi)有發(fa)生(sheng)。電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統穩定運行的(de)壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)提升。2023年上半年，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝機規(gui)模突破13億(yi)千瓦，占我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)裝機的(de)48.8%，未來仍將高(gao)(gao)速增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)，高(gao)(gao)比例可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和高(gao)(gao)比例電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)子設備(bei)接入的(de)“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)”特征與(yu)系(xi)(xi)統尖峰負荷增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)較快、新型負荷隨機性強的(de)影響日(ri)趨(qu)顯(xian)著(zhu)，各類靈(ling)活調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)建設滯(zhi)后，系(xi)(xi)統平衡(heng)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)更加突出。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)石油(you)、天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)進口(kou)量(liang)均居世界第一(yi)，對外依(yi)存(cun)度(du)分(fen)別超過70%和40%，在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成為(wei)(wei)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)博(bo)弈的(de)焦(jiao)點問(wen)(wen)題(ti)大環境下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進口(kou)安(an)全(quan)風險顯(xian)著(zhu)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)。同(tong)時(shi)，極端天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)強度(du)和頻率(lv)持續增(zeng)加，網絡安(an)全(quan)等非傳統安(an)全(quan)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)日(ri)益顯(xian)著(zhu)。

習近平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記指出：“綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，這(zhe)是(shi)潮(chao)流趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)，順之者昌。”推進(jin)中國(guo)(guo)式(shi)現代化(hua)(hua)，實(shi)現高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，走發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家高(gao)(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)(gao)排放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)路行不(bu)通(tong)，延續過去主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)靠化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路子也很難持(chi)久。新時(shi)(shi)代十年(nian)(nian)(nian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)轉型(xing)深(shen)入推進(jin)，非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)斷(duan)提速，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏、生(sheng)物質發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模(mo)和在建核電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規模(mo)穩居世界第(di)一，2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費比重(zhong)(zhong)達到(dao)17.5%，比2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)提高(gao)(gao)了7.8個百分點。化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)效清潔利(li)用，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)“三改聯(lian)動”改造規模(mo)超過4.85億(yi)千瓦(wa)，90%以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組達到(dao)與(yu)天然氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)排放(fang)(fang)水平(ping)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠平(ping)均供電(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)準煤耗(hao)從(cong)2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)326克/千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低至2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)300.7克/千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。但與(yu)此同時(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)轉型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力也前(qian)(qian)所(suo)未有(you)(you)。全(quan)(quan)球氣(qi)溫升高(gao)(gao)趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)明(ming)(ming)顯。2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)(quan)球平(ping)均氣(qi)溫比工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)平(ping)均高(gao)(gao)出約(yue)(yue)1.15攝氏(shi)度(du)，今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月以來，全(quan)(quan)球平(ping)均氣(qi)溫已多次創歷史新高(gao)(gao)。聯(lian)合國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)間氣(qi)候變化(hua)(hua)專門(men)委員會指出，為將全(quan)(quan)球溫升控制在1.5攝氏(shi)度(du)以內，仍能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)排放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)僅(jin)剩2500億(yi)噸，如保(bao)持(chi)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)水平(ping)，僅(jin)相(xiang)當于(yu)不(bu)足7年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)球二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)實(shi)現“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)戰場。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)承諾實(shi)現從(cong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰到(dao)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間只有(you)(you)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)，遠(yuan)遠(yuan)短于(yu)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家，碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)強度(du)下降(jiang)幅度(du)之大、難度(du)之大，前(qian)(qian)所(suo)未有(you)(you)。而能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)活(huo)動是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)最主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行業(ye)(ye)(ye)承擔了最繁(fan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)減排任務。加快構建以非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系，既有(you)(you)助于(yu)實(shi)現“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)”目(mu)標(biao)，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降(jiang)低對化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)賴。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)是(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵環節。當前(qian)(qian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)態(tai)環境保(bao)護結構性、根(gen)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性、趨(qu)(qu)勢(shi)性壓(ya)力尚(shang)未根(gen)本緩解，生(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)(ming)建設仍處于(yu)壓(ya)力疊加、負重(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵期。面對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)活(huo)動與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊密(mi)關系，我(wo)(wo)們(men)必須站在人與(yu)自然和諧共生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度(du)，全(quan)(quan)面謀劃能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，破解資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境約(yue)(yue)束。

習近平(ping)總書記指出，“實施創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)驅動發(fa)展戰(zhan)略，是(shi)加(jia)快轉(zhuan)變(bian)經(jing)濟發(fa)展方(fang)式(shi)、提高我(wo)國(guo)綜合(he)國(guo)力(li)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)求和(he)(he)(he)戰(zhan)略舉(ju)措”。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破口，我(wo)國(guo)在其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些基(ji)礎(chu)研究領域(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)前沿科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)領域(yu)(yu)還(huan)存在亟待(dai)突破的(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)板(ban)弱項(xiang)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)代十年(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)實力(li)顯(xian)著增(zeng)強，風(feng)電、光(guang)伏技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術達到國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進水平(ping)，全球(qiu)首臺16兆瓦超大容量(liang)(liang)海上風(feng)電機(ji)(ji)(ji)組并網發(fa)電，各類電池(chi)轉(zhuan)換效率多(duo)次刷新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)世(shi)界(jie)紀(ji)錄，有力(li)支撐了(le)我(wo)國(guo)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、光(guang)伏電池(chi)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)規(gui)模穩居世(shi)界(jie)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領域(yu)(yu)經(jing)過長期研發(fa),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)具有自主知識產(chan)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)“華龍(long)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”“國(guo)和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”等先(xian)進核(he)電技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術品牌(pai)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列(lie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模式(shi)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，正加(jia)速進入商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)示(shi)范。但(dan)與此同時(shi)，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求也更(geng)(geng)加(jia)迫切(qie)。我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些核(he)心材料、關(guan)鍵部件(jian)、底(di)層軟件(jian)仍依賴(lai)進口，大型燃氣輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)等技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術裝備仍存在短(duan)板(ban)，行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展面(mian)臨“卡(ka)脖子(zi)”風(feng)險。低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)賽道(dao)。全球(qiu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)變(bian)革(ge)方(fang)興未(wei)艾，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠色化(hua)趨(qu)勢(shi)加(jia)速演進，先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)、零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)、負(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)熱點。率先(xian)實現科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)突破，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)搶占全球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)革(ge)先(xian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，掌握先(xian)發(fa)優勢(shi)，引領世(shi)界(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)型，塑造國(guo)際(ji)競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)優勢(shi)，提升全球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)治理(li)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)話語權。數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術深刻影響能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展。“云大物(wu)移智鏈(lian)”等先(xian)進技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術加(jia)速與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域(yu)(yu)深度(du)融合(he)發(fa)展，在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)供儲銷各環節發(fa)展出新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)場(chang)景(jing)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業(ye)(ye)模式(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統復雜程度(du)指數(shu)級增(zeng)加(jia)，同時(shi)，可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波動性(xing)、隨機(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)，使系統源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷實時(shi)匹配難(nan)度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)，更(geng)(geng)加(jia)需要(yao)以數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)支撐，建設(she)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系。

二、準確把握能源電力行業發展新機遇

習近平總書記在黨的(de)(de)二十大(da)報告中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)明(ming)確提出(chu)，實現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)是(shi)一場廣(guang)泛而深刻的(de)(de)經濟社(she)會系統性變革。這是(shi)以習近平同志(zhi)為核心(xin)的(de)(de)黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央統籌國(guo)內(nei)國(guo)際(ji)兩個大(da)局作(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)重大(da)戰略(lve)決策，是(shi)著力解決資源環境約束突出(chu)問題、實現(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族永續發展的(de)(de)必然選擇，是(shi)構建(jian)人(ren)類命運共同體的(de)(de)莊嚴承諾。隨(sui)著碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)進(jin)程(cheng)穩妥有序推進(jin)，綠色電力需求(qiu)量將持續增加(jia)，電力邁(mai)入高速(su)發展新時代(dai)，加(jia)快建(jian)設能源電力強國(guo)迎來良好機(ji)遇。

多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)，構建(jian)多(duo)元(yuan)化綠色低碳電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應結構。為(wei)實(shi)現安(an)全穩定可(ke)靠(kao)的綠色電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應，需構建(jian)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高占比逐(zhu)步提(ti)升的新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)。新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)從過去的補(bu)充性電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)逐(zhu)步成(cheng)為(wei)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)量的主(zhu)體電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，將(jiang)持(chi)續跨越(yue)式(shi)發展(zhan)。到2030年，我(wo)國新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)有(you)望突破20億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，達(da)(da)到當(dang)(dang)前(qian)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模的2.5倍。傳統(tong)(tong)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)作為(wei)我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應安(an)全的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要支(zhi)撐，逐(zhu)步向(xiang)基礎保障性和(he)系統(tong)(tong)調節性并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉型(xing)，2025年煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)將(jiang)達(da)(da)到14億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，2030年達(da)(da)到15.3億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)。作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)的“穩定器”與“調節器”，儲能(neng)(neng)也將(jiang)迎(ying)來大規(gui)(gui)(gui)模發展(zhan)，到2030年新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模將(jiang)達(da)(da)到1.9億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，達(da)(da)到當(dang)(dang)前(qian)的22倍；抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模達(da)(da)到2.4億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，達(da)(da)到當(dang)(dang)前(qian)的5倍。氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)作為(wei)零(ling)(ling)碳原材料(liao)、零(ling)(ling)碳高密度燃料(liao)、零(ling)(ling)碳超長時儲能(neng)(neng)、零(ling)(ling)碳高品(pin)位二次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，是用能(neng)(neng)終端實(shi)現綠色低碳轉型(xing)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要載體，到2025年，可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)氫(qing)量將(jiang)達(da)(da)到10萬(wan)—20萬(wan)噸/年，實(shi)現二氧化碳減排100萬(wan)—200萬(wan)噸/年；到2030年，將(jiang)形成(cheng)較(jiao)為(wei)完(wan)備(bei)的氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)產業技(ji)術創新體系、清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)氫(qing)及供應體系。

跨區輸送(song)，打造清潔能源(yuan)區域供需協(xie)調新(xin)(xin)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)。大電(dian)網作(zuo)為(wei)能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)流(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)載(zai)體(ti)(ti)，具備跨省跨區資(zi)源(yuan)優(you)化配置優(you)勢，以特(te)高壓輸變(bian)電(dian)線(xian)路為(wei)載(zai)體(ti)(ti)建設新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)供給消納體(ti)(ti)系，優(you)化交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)網架結構，打造大規模(mo)(mo)“西電(dian)東送(song)”“北電(dian)南(nan)送(song)”新(xin)(xin)格局(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)進(jin)程將(jiang)持續提速。到(dao)2025年，我國特(te)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)規模(mo)(mo)預計(ji)達(da)到(dao)23回(hui)，交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)合(he)計(ji)達(da)到(dao)38回(hui)；到(dao)2030年，特(te)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)規模(mo)(mo)將(jiang)超過(guo)42回(hui)，交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)合(he)計(ji)達(da)到(dao)80回(hui)，比當前至少翻一(yi)番。另外，如何(he)更(geng)高效便(bian)捷(jie)地把西部的(de)(de)綠(lv)氫(qing)（氨）運送(song)到(dao)東部市場需求旺(wang)盛(sheng)的(de)(de)區域，經濟(ji)高效地實現大規模(mo)(mo)“西氫(qing)東送(song)”，完善氫(qing)（氨）能產業制、儲、輸、用(yong)全(quan)產業鏈，也(ye)將(jiang)是發展新(xin)(xin)階段賦予能源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)課題(ti)。

就(jiu)地(di)(di)利用，拓展清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全方位(wei)開(kai)(kai)發利用新場景(jing)。在充分開(kai)(kai)發利用和跨區消(xiao)納新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)同時，更應積(ji)極拓展分布(bu)(bu)式新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發場景(jing)，深度挖掘(jue)消(xiao)費端清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)就(jiu)地(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)發，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)“從遠方來”與“從身邊(bian)來”協同發展。分布(bu)(bu)式光伏(fu)(fu)可因地(di)(di)制宜(yi)實現太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)就(jiu)地(di)(di)開(kai)(kai)發利用，有(you)效(xiao)替代(dai)和減少(shao)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費，減少(shao)傳(chuan)輸損耗，節省土地(di)(di)資源(yuan)；到2025年(nian)分布(bu)(bu)式光伏(fu)(fu)累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量有(you)望達(da)到2.3億(yi)-2.5億(yi)千瓦。海洋也是清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)富集地(di)(di)，各地(di)(di)出(chu)臺的(de)“十(shi)四五(wu)”期間海上風電發展規劃(hua)規模已(yi)達(da)8000萬千瓦，到2030年(nian)累(lei)計裝(zhuang)機將(jiang)超過2億(yi)千瓦。此外，在堅持生態(tai)優(you)先、確保(bao)安全的(de)前提下，海上光伏(fu)(fu)、沿海核電、潮汐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、波浪能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等具有(you)較高發展潛力的(de)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，也將(jiang)得到積(ji)極有(you)序(xu)建設開(kai)(kai)發。

三、科學謀劃能源電力行業發展新方向

集約高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，升級可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。為優化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產結(jie)(jie)構，必(bi)須改(gai)變現(xian)(xian)有的可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)利用(yong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，統籌協調可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)、電(dian)(dian)網接納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)土(tu)地(di)資源(yuan)約束，完(wan)善可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)改(gai)造升級和(he)退(tui)役(yi)管(guan)理，推(tui)動(dong)我國非化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)從裝機占(zhan)比(bi)過半提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)至發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量占(zhan)比(bi)過半，成為主(zhu)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，加快(kuai)(kuai)實現(xian)(xian)我國新(xin)增用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)部由非化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)提(ti)(ti)供。推(tui)動(dong)深遠海(hai)(hai)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)空等區域(yu)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)。研(yan)究(jiu)并示范應用(yong)超(chao)大(da)(da)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)機、漂浮式(shi)基礎、系(xi)泊系(xi)統等關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，推(tui)動(dong)海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)向深海(hai)(hai)遠洋布(bu)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。創(chuang)新(xin)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，擴展(zhan)海(hai)(hai)上風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)與(yu)海(hai)(hai)洋牧場、海(hai)(hai)水(shui)淡化、制氫(qing)儲氫(qing)結(jie)(jie)合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。探索開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)空風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)大(da)(da)型(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)空風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，大(da)(da)幅提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。推(tui)動(dong)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)站連續發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)和(he)靈活(huo)調峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化布(bu)局大(da)(da)型(xing)光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)站，滿足電(dian)(dian)力(li)頂峰負(fu)荷需求(qiu)，有力(li)支撐(cheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大(da)(da)基地(di)電(dian)(dian)力(li)外(wai)送。加快(kuai)(kuai)研(yan)究(jiu)超(chao)臨界(jie)二(er)氧化碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與(yu)光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)型(xing)化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)耦合發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)站運行效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。

多儲(chu)(chu)(chu)聯調，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)彈性韌性。統(tong)籌(chou)多種類型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)建(jian)設，多時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)尺度、跨區(qu)域分(fen)(fen)布的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)協同發(fa)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，解決能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)總量有余(yu)、頂峰(feng)不足的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)不平衡問題，突出儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)安(an)全、提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)(gei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)等方(fang)面的(de)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。分(fen)(fen)場景加速布局電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)(duan)，大型(xing)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基(ji)地(di)配置(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)平穩(wen)輸出，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)對可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)接納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組配置(zhi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，火(huo)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)聯調增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)調峰(feng)調頻能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，降(jiang)低(di)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組損耗；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)端(duan)(duan)，在(zai)負(fu)荷中心附近建(jian)設抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等大型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)調峰(feng)、調頻、備用(yong)(yong)(yong)、黑啟(qi)動等多種服(fu)務，緩(huan)解供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)，保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行安(an)全；用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)(duan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶側(ce)配儲(chu)(chu)(chu)保(bao)障(zhang)極端(duan)(duan)情(qing)況用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)安(an)全，加強需求側(ce)響(xiang)應能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本(ben)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)實物(wu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)備能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。推進煤(mei)(mei)炭、原油、天然氣(qi)應急儲(chu)(chu)(chu)備能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)建(jian)設，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)備量，進一步夯實化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)兜底保(bao)障(zhang)基(ji)礎作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

智慧互聯，優化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)布局(ju)和(he)傳(chuan)輸(shu)路(lu)徑。適度超前規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)輸(shu)電(dian)通道等能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯基礎設(she)施(shi)，在(zai)更大范圍內優化資(zi)源(yuan)配置。以數字化技術提升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)傳(chuan)輸(shu)效(xiao)率，并融合創新生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)布局(ju)和(he)傳(chuan)輸(shu)方式，破解我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與消費布局(ju)逆向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)布的(de)問(wen)題。從全(quan)局(ju)角度優化我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)流向(xiang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)集(ji)(ji)中區(qu)域(yu)堅持能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)外送(song)(song)與本地(di)消納(na)并舉，把資(zi)源(yuan)優勢(shi)轉化為(wei)產(chan)(chan)業優勢(shi)。結合送(song)(song)出區(qu)域(yu)資(zi)源(yuan)特(te)(te)點(dian)、開發規(gui)模、建(jian)設(she)時序，受(shou)電(dian)區(qu)域(yu)負荷需求和(he)輸(shu)電(dian)空(kong)間(jian)距離，堅持全(quan)國(guo)(guo)“一(yi)盤棋(qi)”思維(wei)，統(tong)籌(chou)謀劃(hua)(hua)(hua)西(xi)電(dian)東送(song)(song)、北電(dian)南送(song)(song)，實現(xian)(xian)送(song)(song)受(shou)兩端最優組合。統(tong)籌(chou)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)陸地(di)與海上(shang)電(dian)網(wang)結構，集(ji)(ji)約考(kao)慮海電(dian)登陸條件，集(ji)(ji)中規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)海上(shang)電(dian)網(wang)主網(wang)架(jia)和(he)升(sheng)壓站，創新管理方式，集(ji)(ji)中送(song)(song)出海上(shang)風電(dian)、光伏、潮汐(xi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等清(qing)潔電(dian)力(li)(li)。一(yi)體化算力(li)(li)網(wang)加快(kuai)實現(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)傳(chuan)輸(shu)新路(lu)徑。加快(kuai)實施(shi)“東數西(xi)算”工程(cheng)，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)利(li)用西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)優勢(shi)，服(fu)務東部(bu)算力(li)(li)需求。促(cu)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)量流和(he)數據流深度耦合，將“瓦特(te)(te)”高效(xiao)轉為(wei)“比特(te)(te)”，以“比特(te)(te)”靈活驅(qu)動“瓦特(te)(te)”。利(li)用算力(li)(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)時空(kong)可調(diao)特(te)(te)性，以區(qu)域(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)供需為(wei)引導，實現(xian)(xian)電(dian)力(li)(li)網(wang)和(he)算力(li)(li)網(wang)協同調(diao)度，降低算力(li)(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)本，提高可再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。

融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)創(chuang)新，助力終(zhong)端能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費深度脫碳(tan)。優(you)化(hua)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)模(mo)式(shi)，以(yi)能(neng)(neng)源的轉型發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶(dai)動(dong)重點(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)生產方式(shi)轉變，分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源、儲能(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車等(deng)交(jiao)互式(shi)能(neng)(neng)源設施(shi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費者逐步參與能(neng)(neng)源交(jiao)易(yi)、傳輸甚至生產等(deng)環(huan)節，形成產銷(xiao)合(he)(he)(he)一(yi)者。綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力與綠色氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)靈活轉換(huan)，并在(zai)終(zhong)端用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)。提高終(zhong)端用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)水(shui)平。在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)、建筑、交(jiao)通(tong)等(deng)重點(dian)(dian)行業(ye)(ye)，加(jia)速(su)(su)推(tui)廣(guang)短流程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐煉鋼、熱泵、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采暖(nuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車、港口(kou)岸(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)設備，代替化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源使用(yong)(yong)，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)擴(kuo)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍和規(gui)模(mo)。推(tui)進(jin)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)多元化(hua)示(shi)范(fan)應用(yong)(yong)。加(jia)大氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)研發(fa)(fa)力度和工(gong)程(cheng)轉化(hua)，完(wan)善氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)制(zhi)儲運用(yong)(yong)體系。加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)提高可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源制(zhi)氫(qing)規(gui)模(mo)，形成綠色氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)供給體系。堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)市場應用(yong)(yong)為牽引，合(he)(he)(he)理布局、有(you)(you)序推(tui)進(jin)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)交(jiao)通(tong)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)的示(shi)范(fan)應用(yong)(yong)，拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)儲能(neng)(neng)、分(fen)布式(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)應用(yong)(yong)，推(tui)動(dong)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)探(tan)索有(you)(you)效的氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的商業(ye)(ye)化(hua)路(lu)徑。

注：本文作者為中(zhong)國電(dian)力(li)工程顧問(wen)集團有限公司黨(dang)委書記、 董事長、首席科學家，中(zhong)電(dian)碳中(zhong)和發展研(yan)究院(yuan)院(yuan)長羅(luo)必雄。