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是科幻小說里的太空城照進現實？還是穿越到了科技感十足的未來世界？

旭日之下，一(yi)(yi)面面“超級(ji)鏡子”整齊排列(lie)，“貪婪”地吸收著太陽的(de)能量。原本蕭瑟的(de)荒(huang)漠化土地被一(yi)(yi)望(wang)無際的(de)“藍海”覆(fu)蓋(gai)，“藍海”之下不(bu)少地表植(zhi)物(wu)抽出新芽，顯(xian)露生機。

烏拉特中旗100兆瓦(wa)槽式光(guang)熱(re)電站。本報記者馬駿馳(chi)攝

4月23日(ri)，記者在位于巴彥淖爾市烏拉特中(zhong)旗的(de)(de)100兆瓦槽(cao)式(shi)光熱電站現場(chang)，領(ling)略了硬核科技帶來的(de)(de)極致震撼，感(gan)受到了氣勢磅礴的(de)(de)工業(ye)之(zhi)美。

烏拉特(te)中(zhong)(zhong)旗100兆瓦槽式光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)船舶重工集團新能源有限責任公司設計、建設、調試和運維，是國(guo)(guo)家首批太陽能熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示范項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)單體規模最大、儲(chu)能時(shi)間最長的(de)槽式光(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。從去年4月1日至今年3月31日，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)完整年純光(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)約3.3億千(qian)瓦時(shi)，超過設計值，年等效滿負(fu)荷發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小時(shi)數領跑(pao)全國(guo)(guo)。

由反射鏡作為(wei)主體的集熱器如同向日(ri)葵般追逐著太陽(yang)，352個集熱回路構(gou)成了太陽(yang)島集熱場。收集的熱量(liang)一(yi)路通過(guo)傳熱系(xi)統推(tui)(tui)送到蒸汽發(fa)生系(xi)統，推(tui)(tui)動蒸汽輪發(fa)電機發(fa)電；另一(yi)路則推(tui)(tui)送至儲(chu)熱系(xi)統，在夜(ye)間或天氣不好時輸出熱量(liang)至發(fa)電島進行(xing)發(fa)電。太陽(yang)能被源源不斷地轉化為(wei)清潔(jie)電能，通過(guo)輸電網絡(luo)進入千家萬戶。

同(tong)(tong)樣(yang)是向(xiang)太(tai)陽要能(neng)(neng)(neng)量，與(yu)(yu)常見的(de)利用半導體(ti)材料將(jiang)(jiang)光能(neng)(neng)(neng)直(zhi)接轉變為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不同(tong)(tong)，光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是將(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)為(wei)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，通過(guo)熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換過(guo)程進行發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。中國船舶重工集團(tuan)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源有(you)限責任公司業務開(kai)發(fa)部副部長袁磊告訴記者(zhe)：“太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一項具備成為(wei)基(ji)礎負荷(he)和調(diao)峰負荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)新興能(neng)(neng)(neng)源應用技(ji)術，與(yu)(yu)以(yi)往(wang)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相比，它具有(you)可(ke)大規模儲(chu)熱(re)(re)、連續(xu)穩(wen)定輸(shu)出等優勢。”光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后端發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)與(yu)(yu)火力(li)(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)原理基(ji)本相同(tong)(tong)，光熱(re)(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組配(pei)置儲(chu)熱(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)后，可(ke)實(shi)現24小(xiao)時連續(xu)穩(wen)定發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，破(po)解了以(yi)往(wang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)過(guo)程中所面臨的(de)“看天(tian)吃飯”的(de)難題(ti)，并且(qie)可(ke)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)提供轉動慣量，助力(li)(li)區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)安全穩(wen)定。

我國光熱(re)發電技(ji)(ji)術起步較(jiao)晚，烏(wu)拉特中(zhong)旗(qi)導(dao)熱(re)油槽式100兆瓦光熱(re)發電項(xiang)目(mu)作為國家首批太陽(yang)能熱(re)發電示范項(xiang)目(mu)之(zhi)一，還承擔(dan)著(zhu)確定(ding)技(ji)(ji)術路線可行(xing)性和研發掌握(wo)核心(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)關鍵使命。

袁磊(lei)說：“光(guang)熱發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)一套復雜的(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，槽式集熱器則是(shi)大型的(de)光(guang)學儀(yi)器，對質量(liang)和精度(du)要求極(ji)高(gao)。項目(mu)設計、建設過程中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)們將國(guo)(guo)際(ji)領先國(guo)(guo)家的(de)光(guang)熱發電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)經驗與中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)船(chuan)舶集團軍(jun)工質量(liang)控制體系(xi)和裝(zhuang)備(bei)創新研制體系(xi)相結合，保證了集熱器及(ji)全系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)指標超(chao)過設計值(zhi)，達到國(guo)(guo)際(ji)先進(jin)水平，也培養了大批光(guang)熱發電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)人才(cai)隊伍。”目(mu)前，該項目(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)蒸汽發生系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、真空集熱管、集熱器、反射鏡、跟蹤驅動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、旋轉接頭(tou)保溫外殼等關鍵(jian)部件均(jun)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)制造”，帶(dai)動(dong)了一批產業鏈上下(xia)游(you)合作企業，極(ji)大助力了太(tai)陽能熱發電(dian)國(guo)(guo)產化，也為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)光(guang)熱產業邁向國(guo)(guo)際(ji)新能源市場(chang)提供了技(ji)術(shu)儲備(bei)。

烏(wu)拉特中旗100兆瓦(wa)槽式(shi)光熱(re)電(dian)站給當(dang)地帶(dai)來的(de)環境效(xiao)益也(ye)十分可觀。據統(tong)計，電(dian)站能(neng)實現年節省標(biao)煤12萬(wan)噸，減排二(er)氧(yang)化碳(tan)30萬(wan)噸，減少(shao)硫(liu)氧(yang)化物(wu)排放(fang)9000噸，減少(shao)氮氧(yang)化物(wu)排放(fang)4500噸，相當(dang)于造林9100畝。110余萬(wan)平方(fang)米的(de)集熱(re)器覆蓋了(le)(le)荒漠化土地，有效(xiao)降低了(le)(le)蒸發量。用(yong)以清洗鏡(jing)場(chang)的(de)城市循環中水(shui)下(xia)滲(shen)，為植(zhi)被(bei)恢(hui)復(fu)和生(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供保障的(de)同時，也(ye)最大(da)程度節約了(le)(le)水(shui)資源。“集熱(re)場(chang)建成之(zhi)后，場(chang)區內的(de)小動物(wu)變多(duo)了(le)(le)，我們經常能(neng)看(kan)到兔子、狐貍、刺猬在鏡(jing)下(xia)覓食。我們還開辟了(le)(le)仿野生(sheng)黃芪(qi)、肉蓯蓉、沙(sha)蔥等中藥(yao)材試種區和蔬菜種植(zhi)區，希望能(neng)推動發展光熱(re)清潔綠色循環經濟。”袁磊(lei)說(shuo)。

遠離(li)人煙(yan)的荒(huang)漠戈(ge)壁之上(shang)，光與熱的新(xin)能源“交響”通過輸電網絡送往全(quan)國各(ge)地(di)，點亮萬家燈火，也(ye)傳遞著(zhu)綠色發展的理(li)念。

烏拉(la)特中(zhong)旗(qi)擁有優(you)質的(de)(de)風光資源，建(jian)(jian)設(she)大(da)型(xing)風電(dian)基地、光熱(re)項目的(de)(de)基礎條件得天獨厚。目前(qian)，這里已(yi)建(jian)(jian)成風電(dian)場19家(jia)(jia)、獨立運行光伏電(dian)場4家(jia)(jia)、光熱(re)電(dian)站1家(jia)(jia)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源并網容量380萬千瓦(wa)，每年向(xiang)蒙(meng)西(xi)電(dian)網輸送(song)超過(guo)90億度的(de)(de)電(dian)量。依(yi)托區(qu)位和資源優(you)勢，烏拉(la)特中(zhong)旗(qi)正在創建(jian)(jian)國家(jia)(jia)重要新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源新(xin)(xin)(xin)材料示范基地，建(jian)(jian)設(she)國家(jia)(jia)級新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源創新(xin)(xin)(xin)應(ying)用示范區(qu)和承接綠色載能(neng)產業集(ji)聚(ju)的(de)(de)主陣地。

“新”力崛(jue)起，荒蕪不在，綠(lv)色低(di)碳發展的賽道上，澎湃著無窮新動能(neng)。