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CSPPLAZA光熱發電網訊：4月18日(ri)，國家能源(yuan)局官網(wang)發布了(le)《<關于促進新時(shi)代新能源(yuan)高質量發展的(de)實施方案>案例解讀》第二、三章(zhang)。

通知在“加快構建適(shi)應新能(neng)源占比(bi)逐漸提高的新型電力系統”部分指出，近年來，我國(guo)新能(neng)源實現了跨越式(shi)發展，裝機(ji)規(gui)模穩居全球首(shou)位。同時，大規(gui)模高比(bi)例新能(neng)源接(jie)網和消納對(dui)電力系統提出了新的挑(tiao)戰，需要加快規(gui)劃建設新型電力系統，滿足(zu)經濟社會高質(zhi)量發展的電力需求。

通知表示，要(yao)全(quan)面提升電(dian)力(li)系統調節能(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)靈(ling)活(huo)性，涉及主要(yao)政(zheng)策點1如(ru)下：完善調峰(feng)調頻電(dian)源(yuan)補償機制(zhi)，加大煤電(dian)機組靈(ling)活(huo)性改造、水(shui)電(dian)擴機、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)熱發電(dian)項目建(jian)設力(li)度(du)，推(tui)動新(xin)型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)快速發展。研究(jiu)儲能(neng)(neng)成本回收機制(zhi)。鼓勵(li)西部(bu)等光(guang)照條件好的地區使(shi)用太陽能(neng)(neng)熱發電(dian)作為調峰(feng)電(dian)源(yuan)。

《實施方案》特別提出(chu)，鼓勵西部等(deng)光照條(tiao)件好的地區使用太陽能熱(re)發電作(zuo)為調峰電源。光熱(re)發電最小技術出(chu)力(li)可達(da)到(dao)額定功率(lv)的15%—20%，出(chu)力(li)響應速度(du)堪(kan)比燃氣發電，具備頻繁啟(qi)停(ting)的能力(li)。

此外，光熱發(fa)電(dian)還(huan)可(ke)提供轉動慣量，且具備成(cheng)本低(di)、安全性高的長時儲熱系統。借助于光熱發(fa)電(dian)以上諸多優異的調節能力，光熱發(fa)電(dian)與風電(dian)、光伏等新能源融合發(fa)展可(ke)成(cheng)為新能源開(kai)發(fa)利用(yong)的重(zhong)要模式。

在沙漠(mo)、戈壁、荒(huang)漠(mo)地區的大型新(xin)能源(yuan)基(ji)地，光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)可作為調峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與風電(dian)(dian)、光伏打捆，探索通過規模(mo)化的儲熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)代替火電(dian)(dian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)儲能，實現支(zhi)撐(cheng)高比例新(xin)能源(yuan)的外(wai)送。

下為通知全文：

《<關于促進新時代新能源高質量發展的實施方案>案例解讀》第二、三章發布

為指導(dao)各(ge)地更好(hao)地貫徹落實《關于促(cu)進新時(shi)代新能源高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的實施(shi)(shi)方(fang)案》（國(guo)辦函〔2022〕39號），及時(shi)總結推動新能源高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的成功經驗和優秀做法(fa)，我(wo)們組織國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委能源研究所、電力規(gui)劃設計總院(yuan)、水電水利規(gui)劃設計總院(yuan)、國(guo)家電投集(ji)團(tuan)、三峽集(ji)團(tuan)、中廣核集(ji)團(tuan)、光(guang)伏(fu)行業(ye)協會、風能協會等單位(wei)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)了(le)案例解讀(du)編制工作，形成了(le)《&lt;關于促(cu)進新時(shi)代新能源高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的實施(shi)(shi)方(fang)案&gt;案例解讀(du)》，擬按章節以連(lian)載方(fang)式(shi)陸續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)布，供大家在推動可再生(sheng)能源高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工作中參考(kao)。3月26日已發(fa)(fa)(fa)布第一章內(nei)容(rong)，現發(fa)(fa)(fa)布第二(er)、三章內(nei)容(rong)。如(ru)有意(yi)見和建(jian)議，請及時(shi)反饋。

聯系方式：010-81929522/81929525（傳真(zhen)）

電(dian)子郵(you)箱：xinny@nea.gov.cn

《<實施方案>案例解讀》編委會

2023年4月(yue)14日

附件：

二(er)、加快構建適應新能源(yuan)占比逐漸提高的新型電力(li)系統

黨(dang)的二十大報告明確指出(chu)，要加(jia)快規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設新(xin)型能(neng)源體系。新(xin)型電力(li)系統是新(xin)型能(neng)源體系的重要內(nei)容。近(jin)年來(lai)，我國新(xin)能(neng)源實(shi)現了跨越式發展，裝機規(gui)(gui)(gui)模穩(wen)居全球首位(wei)。同(tong)時，大規(gui)(gui)(gui)模高(gao)比(bi)例新(xin)能(neng)源接網和消納(na)對電力(li)系統提出(chu)了新(xin)的挑戰(zhan)，需(xu)要加(jia)快規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設新(xin)型電力(li)系統，滿足(zu)經濟社會高(gao)質量發展的電力(li)需(xu)求(qiu)。《實(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案》明確了在(zai)提高(gao)電力(li)系統調節能(neng)力(li)、提高(gao)配(pei)電網接納(na)能(neng)力(li)、穩(wen)妥推進新(xin)能(neng)源參與電力(li)市場交易和完善(shan)可再(zai)生能(neng)源電力(li)消納(na)責(ze)任權重制度等(deng)方(fang)面的具體舉(ju)措。

（五）全面提升電力系統調(diao)節能力和靈活性

主要政策點1：完善調(diao)峰調(diao)頻電(dian)源補償機(ji)制，加(jia)大煤電(dian)機(ji)組靈(ling)活性改造、水(shui)電(dian)擴機(ji)、抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)和太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)項目(mu)建設力度，推動新型儲能(neng)(neng)快速發(fa)展。研究儲能(neng)(neng)成本回收機(ji)制。鼓勵西(xi)部等(deng)光照條件好的(de)地區使用(yong)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)作為調(diao)峰電(dian)源。

近(jin)年來，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展迅猛，調(diao)峰調(diao)頻(pin)電源(yuan)(yuan)建設面(mian)臨(lin)新的挑戰。為此，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)修訂發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)了(le)《電力(li)(li)并網運(yun)行管理規(gui)(gui)(gui)定》（國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監管規(gui)(gui)(gui)〔2021〕60號(hao)）、《電力(li)(li)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)管理辦法》（國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監管規(gui)(gui)(gui)〔2021〕61號(hao)），進(jin)一步(bu)擴大(da)了(le)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)提(ti)供主(zhu)體，強(qiang)調(diao)按照“誰提(ti)供、誰獲利；誰受(shou)益、誰承(cheng)擔(dan)”的原則，確定補償方(fang)式和(he)分攤機(ji)制(zhi)，提(ti)出逐(zhu)步(bu)建立(li)電力(li)(li)用(yong)戶參(can)與(yu)(yu)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)分擔(dan)共享機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)健全跨省跨區電力(li)(li)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)機(ji)制(zhi)。煤電機(ji)組(zu)靈活(huo)性改造方(fang)面(mian)，2021年11月，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)深入(ru)推動煤電“三改聯動”，聯合印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)《全國(guo)煤電機(ji)組(zu)改造升級實施(shi)方(fang)案》，提(ti)出“十四五”期間實施(shi)靈活(huo)性改造2億千瓦。抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)于2021年9月發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)的《抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中長期發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)（2021-2035年）》提(ti)出：到(dao)2025年，抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)投(tou)產(chan)總(zong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)達(da)到(dao)6200萬(wan)千瓦以上；到(dao)2030年，抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)投(tou)產(chan)總(zong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)達(da)到(dao)1.2億千瓦左右。新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)相繼印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)《關于加快新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的指導意見》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)〔2021〕1051號(hao)）、《“十四五”新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展實施(shi)方(fang)案》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2022〕209號(hao)）和(he)《關于進(jin)一步(bu)推動新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)參(can)與(yu)(yu)電力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場和(he)調(diao)度運(yun)用(yong)的通知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)改辦運(yun)行〔2022〕475號(hao)），加快推動新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)化、市(shi)(shi)場化進(jin)程。

要(yao)加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)輔助(zhu)服務(wu)市場建(jian)設，從市場機(ji)制方(fang)面(mian)充分(fen)調(diao)(diao)(diao)動(dong)各類調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發揮性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)面(mian)，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組是保障我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)供應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)靈(ling)活性(xing)(xing)改造是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)提(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)關鍵手段，要(yao)加快推進(jin)(jin)(jin)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由主(zhu)體性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)提(ti)供可(ke)靠容量、調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰調(diao)(diao)(diao)頻等輔助(zhu)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)基礎保障性(xing)(xing)和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)轉型(xing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)面(mian)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是技術較成熟、經濟性(xing)(xing)較優、具備大規模開發條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)綠色低碳清(qing)潔靈(ling)活調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站具有(you)(you)雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)、雙(shuang)倍調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)以及快速的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)負荷(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，可(ke)顯著提(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有(you)(you)功調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)在(zai)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)性(xing)(xing)、容量、速度(du)等方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，增強系(xi)(xi)統(tong)應(ying)對(dui)波(bo)動(dong)、快速爬坡和(he)保障平衡的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。“十四五(wu)”開始風(feng)光等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)實現(xian)躍升發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中波(bo)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)比例(li)持續增加，必須加快開工建(jian)設一大批(pi)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目。同(tong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制是影響抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心問題(ti)，《關于進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步完(wan)(wan)善抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)價(jia)格(ge)形成機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)意見》（發改價(jia)格(ge)〔2021〕633號(hao)）已明確，現(xian)階段以兩(liang)部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策(ce)為主(zhu)體，以競爭性(xing)(xing)方(fang)式形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，將(jiang)容量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)納入(ru)輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)回(hui)收(shou)，同(tong)時(shi)強化(hua)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)市場建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)銜接(jie)，逐步推動(dong)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)市場，充分(fen)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)信號(hao)作用，調(diao)(diao)(diao)動(dong)各方(fang)面(mian)積(ji)極性(xing)(xing)，為抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)業(ye)加快發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、充分(fen)發揮綜合(he)效(xiao)益創造更(geng)有(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方(fang)面(mian)，作為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)資(zi)源(yuan)，儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)在(zai)源(yuan)、網、荷(he)三側(ce)發力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，對(dui)于促進(jin)(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高比例(li)消納和(he)保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)穩定運行(xing)具有(you)(you)重要(yao)作用，當下新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)包括推進(jin)(jin)(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)目合(he)理配(pei)置新(xin)(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、合(he)理布局電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、積(ji)極支持用戶側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)多元化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。針對(dui)獨(du)立儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、配(pei)建(jian)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以及用戶側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，應(ying)分(fen)類研究施策(ce)，完(wan)(wan)善相關市場機(ji)制，保障儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理收(shou)益。

《實施方(fang)案》特別(bie)提出，鼓勵西部等光(guang)照條件好的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區使用(yong)太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電作為(wei)調(diao)峰電源(yuan)(yuan)。光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電最小技(ji)術(shu)出力(li)可(ke)(ke)達(da)到額定功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)15%—20%，出力(li)響應速度堪比燃(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)電，具備頻繁啟停的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。此外(wai)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電還可(ke)(ke)提供轉動(dong)慣量，且具備成(cheng)本(ben)低、安全(quan)性高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長時儲(chu)熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)。借助于光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電以上諸多優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力(li)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電與風電、光(guang)伏(fu)等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)融合(he)發(fa)(fa)展可(ke)(ke)成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要模式。在沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)，光(guang)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電可(ke)(ke)作為(wei)調(diao)峰電源(yuan)(yuan)與風電、光(guang)伏(fu)打捆，探索通過規模化的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)電代替火電和電儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)，實現支撐(cheng)高(gao)比例新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)送(song)。

案例2-1加快抽水蓄(xu)能建設服務新型電力系統

抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)具有調(diao)節速度快(kuai)、建設成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)容(rong)量(liang)較大、技術成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟、安全(quan)(quan)性高等優勢，是新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)重要組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)分，是我國新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發展和實現碳達(da)峰(feng)、碳中和目(mu)標(biao)的(de)有力(li)(li)支撐(cheng)。隨著國家抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)中長期規劃出臺，今后一段時期，我國抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)將迎來爆發期。浙江(jiang)長龍(long)山抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)站(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)210萬千瓦，地處華東電(dian)網負荷中心，承擔整個華東電(dian)網調(diao)峰(feng)、填谷(gu)的(de)雙向(xiang)調(diao)峰(feng)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。電(dian)站(zhan)于2022年(nian)6月底全(quan)(quan)部(bu)投產(chan)發電(dian)。

長(chang)龍山電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在建設(she)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，全(quan)力克(ke)服(fu)疫情負面影響(xiang)，全(quan)部機(ji)組(zu)投產(chan)累計提前(qian)(qian)15個月工(gong)期。電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)高度重(zhong)視運行(xing)管理，一是通過(guo)(guo)簽訂中(zhong)長(chang)期協議提前(qian)(qian)鎖定全(quan)年(nian)抽發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量市場的(de)基本調(diao)節(jie)作用；二(er)是實時(shi)響(xiang)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)網調(diao)節(jie)需求(qiu)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網提供輔助服(fu)務；三是堅持自主建設(she)運行(xing)，降低整體(ti)運行(xing)成本。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)調(diao)峰(feng)和(he)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效益顯著，已成為華(hua)東地(di)區最大的(de)“充電(dian)(dian)(dian)寶、穩壓器(qi)”，平均每年(nian)可為華(hua)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)網在用電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)時(shi)段增發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量24.35億千瓦(wa)時(shi)，可進一步(bu)增強華(hua)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)網調(diao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)力，改善華(hua)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)網運行(xing)條件(jian)；此外(wai)，每年(nian)可為華(hua)東電(dian)(dian)(dian)網節(jie)約(yue)標煤(mei)21萬噸(dun)(dun)，減少排(pai)放二(er)氧(yang)化碳(tan)約(yue)42萬噸(dun)(dun)、二(er)氧(yang)化硫約(yue)2800噸(dun)(dun)，為實現碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)目標提供有力支撐。

案例(li)2-2國家電網公司多措并舉提升系統調節(jie)能力

深(shen)挖火電(dian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)潛力。2021年“三北”地區完成煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)靈(ling)活性(xing)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)118臺，容量合(he)計(ji)(ji)4573萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，供熱期提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力297萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，非供熱期提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力307萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。其中，京津唐電(dian)網開展深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)44臺，合(he)計(ji)(ji)容量2110萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)；其中22臺、1108萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)在部分工況下(xia)可實現20%深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)運行，提升(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)力258萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，2臺、120萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)可實現15%深(shen)度調(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)運行。截至2021年底，“三北”地區累計(ji)(ji)完成煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)靈(ling)活性(xing)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)12814萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

充分(fen)利(li)用抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)。2021年國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司經(jing)營區抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站年抽(chou)(chou)(chou)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)644億千(qian)瓦時，同比增長19%；平均(jun)綜合利(li)用小時數2741小時，同比增長9%。以(yi)東(dong)北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網為例(li)，2021年12月2日的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)日發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)創(chuang)歷史新(xin)高(gao)，達到5.18億千(qian)瓦時，抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)當(dang)日消納電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的3.1%。中午12點(dian)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出力2695萬千(qian)瓦，抽(chou)(chou)(chou)水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)提升的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力占新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力的9.3%。

提(ti)升新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)控水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。滾動開展電(dian)力系統配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)分析計(ji)算(suan)，推動新(xin)型(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)規模化應用。試(shi)點建設儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)度決策支持系統，提(ti)升儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)控技術水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。試(shi)點開展在運儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)站涉網(wang)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)指標(biao)評價和檢測，提(ti)升儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)并網(wang)技術性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)省間(jian)(jian)電網調峰互(hu)濟。持續開展區域省間(jian)(jian)備用共享(xiang)及靈活(huo)互(hu)濟，提(ti)升新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源消納(na)能(neng)力。西北(bei)區域開展省間(jian)(jian)交易318億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，增加(jia)(jia)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源消納(na)約100億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時。東北(bei)區域跨省支援998次，增加(jia)(jia)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源消納(na)36.6億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時。

案例(li)2-3南方電網(wang)公(gong)司加(jia)快建(jian)(jian)設(she)抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)電站，支撐構建(jian)(jian)清潔能(neng)源消納(na)比重(zhong)最(zui)高的世(shi)界級(ji)灣區(qu)電網(wang)

南(nan)方電網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司加快建設抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電站。2022年(nian)5月28日，廣東梅州、陽江兩座(zuo)百萬千瓦級抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)電站同時投產發電，至此粵(yue)港(gang)澳(ao)大(da)灣區電網(wang)(wang)(wang)抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)總裝(zhuang)機達到(dao)968萬千瓦，將提升粵(yue)港(gang)澳(ao)大(da)灣區電網(wang)(wang)(wang)調節能(neng)(neng)力超過三(san)成。粵(yue)港(gang)澳(ao)大(da)灣區已建成抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)機容量最大(da)、電網(wang)(wang)(wang)調節能(neng)(neng)力最強、清潔能(neng)(neng)源消納比(bi)重最高的(de)世(shi)界級灣區電網(wang)(wang)(wang)，為(wei)粵(yue)港(gang)澳(ao)大(da)灣區打造世(shi)界清潔能(neng)(neng)源利用示范灣區提供堅強的(de)支(zhi)撐。

陽(yang)江抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能電站規(gui)劃總裝機容(rong)量(liang)240萬(wan)千瓦(wa)，首期建(jian)設120萬(wan)千瓦(wa)，單機容(rong)量(liang)高(gao)達40萬(wan)千瓦(wa)、共3臺機組。陽(yang)江抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能電站擁(yong)有世界首條800m水(shui)(shui)頭級鋼(gang)筋混凝土襯砌高(gao)壓水(shui)(shui)道、國內(nei)單機容(rong)量(liang)最大(da)抽水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)能機組，技術(shu)難度大(da)，為國內(nei)后續大(da)規(gui)模建(jian)設同類電站奠定了(le)堅(jian)實技術(shu)基礎。

梅州抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站規劃總裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)(liang)240萬千瓦，分兩期建(jian)設(she)，其中一(yi)期工(gong)程裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)(liang)120萬千瓦、共4臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)。2021年(nian)11月首(shou)臺(tai)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)正式投產(chan)(chan)發(fa)電(dian)，成為“十四五”開(kai)局之年(nian)南(nan)方五省(sheng)區內(nei)首(shou)臺(tai)投產(chan)(chan)的抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)。梅州抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站主(zhu)體工(gong)程開(kai)工(gong)至(zhi)首(shou)臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)投產(chan)(chan)僅用時41個(ge)月，創造了國(guo)內(nei)抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站最短建(jian)設(she)工(gong)期紀錄，并且機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的整套開(kai)關設(she)備(bei)首(shou)次實現全國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化(hua)，補齊了抽(chou)(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能機(ji)(ji)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)自主(zhu)化(hua)的最后一(yi)塊短板。

主要(yao)政策點(dian)2：充分發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)網企業在構建新型電(dian)(dian)力系統中的平(ping)臺和樞紐作用，支持(chi)和指導電(dian)(dian)網企業積(ji)極(ji)接入和消納新能源。

電網是電力系(xi)統的核心(xin)，是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)利(li)用(yong)、輸送(song)配(pei)置和供需(xu)對接的樞(shu)紐平臺(tai)。在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資源(yuan)和負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)逆向分(fen)布的大(da)背(bei)景下(xia)，全國的特高(gao)壓輸送(song)通道中(zhong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電量占比仍(reng)有提(ti)升空(kong)間，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的跨區域配(pei)置能(neng)(neng)(neng)力應盡快加強，以滿足中(zhong)東部負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納需(xu)求。部分(fen)地方還存在電網接入條件與新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發不(bu)匹(pi)配(pei)不(bu)銜接的問(wen)題。此外，高(gao)比例新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)對電網的調度運行也(ye)提(ti)出了新(xin)的挑(tiao)戰。

《實施方(fang)案(an)》明確(que)了要(yao)充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業在構建新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統中(zhong)的(de)平(ping)臺和(he)樞紐作用，提(ti)升(sheng)跨區域資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優化配(pei)置能(neng)(neng)力，發(fa)揮(hui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網協(xie)同(tong)(tong)互濟的(de)作用，提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統接(jie)入和(he)消(xiao)納新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)能(neng)(neng)力。外送通道(dao)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)科學推進新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力跨省跨區輸(shu)送通道(dao)建設，穩(wen)步推廣(guang)柔性直流輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等新技術，加強送受端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網協(xie)同(tong)(tong)調峰運行(xing)。主網架方(fang)面(mian)，推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網之(zhi)間柔性可(ke)控互聯(lian)，加強分層分區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網間協(xie)同(tong)(tong)互濟能(neng)(neng)力。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網方(fang)面(mian)，加快配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網改造升(sheng)級(ji)，推動智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設，提(ti)高配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網接(jie)納新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)多元化負(fu)荷(he)的(de)承載力和(he)靈活性。各(ge)地風光資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)、負(fu)荷(he)情況各(ge)異、系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網結(jie)構也不(bu)一樣，堅持因地制宜、分省制定合理利用率目(mu)標。

案例2-3搭建(jian)新能源(yuan)服務平臺(tai)助(zhu)力(li)開發與消納

國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)網公司新能(neng)源(yuan)云是國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)網公司投資(zi)建設的新能(neng)源(yuan)綜合服(fu)(fu)務平臺，于2021年4月20日正式上線運(yun)行(xing)，平臺規(gui)劃建設環境(jing)承載、資(zi)源(yuan)分布(bu)、規(gui)劃計劃、廠(chang)商用戶、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)企業、電(dian)(dian)網服(fu)(fu)務、用電(dian)(dian)客戶、電(dian)(dian)價補貼、供需預(yu)測、儲能(neng)服(fu)(fu)務、消納計算、技術(shu)咨詢、法規(gui)政(zheng)策、輔助決(jue)策、大數據服(fu)(fu)務15個(ge)子(zi)平臺，新能(neng)源(yuan)云重點提(ti)供五個(ge)方面(mian)的服(fu)(fu)務：

1.信息分析和咨詢服(fu)(fu)務。建(jian)成國內最大的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)運行監測服(fu)(fu)務平臺，接入(ru)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發、輸、用、儲全過程數(shu)據(ju)和信息，包(bao)括新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展與消(xiao)納、保障性(xing)收購、消(xiao)納責(ze)任權重(zhong)、場站出力(li)、政策技術等，可為國家相(xiang)關部門及時掌握新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)運行情況提供數(shu)據(ju)和信息支撐(cheng)，為社(she)會(hui)大眾提供信息資訊服(fu)(fu)務。

2.全(quan)景規(gui)劃布局(ju)和(he)建站選(xuan)址服(fu)務。提供全(quan)國范圍內“3千米×3千米”的(de)風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)時域資(zi)源(yuan)數據，以及未(wei)來3天電力(li)氣象預報(bao)信(xin)息，輔助開展不同地區風(feng)光資(zi)源(yuan)開發(fa)潛力(li)研(yan)究，提出(chu)開發(fa)規(gui)模和(he)布局(ju)的(de)建議，為政(zheng)府部門編制(zhi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)規(gui)劃提供參考依據，服(fu)務新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電企業建站選(xuan)址。

3.全流程(cheng)一(yi)站式(shi)接網服務(wu)。廣(guang)大電源客戶(hu)通(tong)過外(wai)網PC或(huo)手機App即(ji)可辦理業務(wu)，還(huan)可在線實時查(cha)詢項目流程(cheng)進(jin)度，實現“業務(wu)網上(shang)辦、進(jin)度線上(shang)查(cha)”，做到(dao)便捷高效、公開透明。

4.全域消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力計(ji)算和(he)發(fa)布(bu)服(fu)務(wu)。實現線上新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力計(ji)算和(he)評估，滾動計(ji)算分區域、分省新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，預測季度(du)(du)、年度(du)(du)及中長期新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電量(liang)、利用(yong)率、新增消(xiao)納(na)空間(jian)等指標(biao)。計(ji)算結(jie)果經能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主管部門授權(quan)后(hou)對社會公布(bu)，支(zhi)撐政府確定年度(du)(du)建設規模，引導新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科學(xue)開(kai)發(fa)、合理布(bu)局。

5.全過程補(bu)貼申報(bao)管理(li)服(fu)務。按照(zhao)財政部(bu)要求，為新能源補(bu)貼項目提供線上申報(bao)、審核、變更、公(gong)示、公(gong)布等一站式服(fu)務，方便電源用戶(hu)、電網企業(ye)、能源主管部(bu)門(men)線上辦理(li)業(ye)務，加快(kuai)補(bu)貼確權，增強企業(ye)投資新能源的信心。

通過新能源云平(ping)臺，國家電網(wang)公(gong)司(si)實現(xian)了新能源接網(wang)和運行的“業務網(wang)上(shang)辦(ban)、進(jin)度線上(shang)查”。

案(an)例(li)2-4國家電網公(gong)司推動電網工程建設提升(sheng)新能(neng)源消納(na)能(neng)力

持續建(jian)設(she)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。截至2021年底國家電(dian)網已累計(ji)建(jian)成15交14直(zhi)(zhi)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，進(jin)一步促進(jin)新(xin)能源大范圍(wei)優化配置。其中(zhong)，2021年建(jian)成特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)2項，即(ji)雅中(zhong)-江(jiang)西±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，線路(lu)(lu)長度1700千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)輸(shu)送容量800萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦；以(yi)及陜北-湖北±800千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，線路(lu)(lu)長度1136千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)輸(shu)送容量800萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。此外2021年新(xin)建(jian)交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)1項，為南昌-長沙1000千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)交流(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，線路(lu)(lu)長度2×341千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)變電(dian)容量1200萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)安。

進(jin)一步提高(gao)特高(gao)壓利用效(xiao)率(lv)。2021年，國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司特高(gao)壓直流(liu)(liu)送電(dian)(dian)4049億(yi)千瓦時，同比增長10.5%。其中(zhong)，7回特高(gao)壓直流(liu)(liu)利用效(xiao)率(lv)同比提升，吉泉、天中(zhong)、祁(qi)韶(shao)直流(liu)(liu)提高(gao)超(chao)過450小時以上(shang)。2021年底(di)全網(wang)跨區直流(liu)(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)較(jiao)2020年提升1400萬(wan)千瓦。

建成投運省內輸電(dian)通道(dao)，提升新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)外送(song)能(neng)力(li)。2021年國家(jia)電(dian)網公司(si)建成投運青海(hai)德令哈（托素(su)）750千伏輸變電(dian)工程等(deng)12項新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)力(li)的省內重點輸電(dian)工程，提升新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)外送(song)能(neng)力(li)1500萬千瓦以(yi)上。

主要政(zheng)策(ce)點(dian)3：深(shen)入挖掘需求響(xiang)應潛力，提(ti)高負荷側對新能(neng)源的調節能(neng)力。

需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)側響應能(neng)(neng)力是電(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力不(bu)可(ke)忽略的組(zu)成部分，其在節約電(dian)網(wang)基礎設施投資的同時，可(ke)有效提高新能(neng)(neng)源消納(na)水平。在《電(dian)力輔助(zhu)服務管(guan)理辦法》（國能(neng)(neng)發監(jian)管(guan)規〔2021〕61號）中，也明確(que)將(jiang)提供輔助(zhu)服務主(zhu)體(ti)范圍由發電(dian)廠擴大到包(bao)括新型(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)、自備電(dian)廠、傳統(tong)(tong)高載(zai)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)業(ye)負(fu)荷(he)、工(gong)商業(ye)可(ke)中斷負(fu)荷(he)、電(dian)動汽車(che)充電(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)、聚合商、虛擬電(dian)廠等主(zhu)體(ti)，這為挖掘負(fu)荷(he)側需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)響應潛力提供了(le)政策(ce)支持(chi)。

《實施(shi)方案》提出(chu)深入挖掘需求(qiu)響(xiang)應潛力(li)，提高負荷(he)側對新能源(yuan)的(de)調節(jie)能力(li)。負荷(he)側靈活(huo)響(xiang)應潛力(li)的(de)挖掘，主(zhu)要指通過科學(xue)合理的(de)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)價、輔助服務(wu)等市場(chang)價格(ge)信號或資金補貼等激勵機(ji)制(zhi)，引(yin)導鼓勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶優化儲用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式，高比(bi)例釋放工業、一(yi)般工商業以及居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)的(de)彈性(xing)，以促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需平(ping)衡(heng)，盡(jin)可能為消納新能源(yuan)提供靈活(huo)響(xiang)應支撐。部分(fen)大工業負荷(he)存在較大的(de)靈活(huo)響(xiang)應潛力(li)，應積極引(yin)導其(qi)通過改善生產工藝和(he)流程，提升靈活(huo)響(xiang)應能力(li)，參與輔助服務(wu)市場(chang)。

聚合各(ge)類調節性負荷(he)和儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)虛擬電廠也將是挖掘負荷(he)側靈活(huo)響(xiang)應能(neng)力的(de)重要模式。例(li)如(ru)近年來快速增長的(de)數據中心(xin)，其算(suan)力任務可根據實(shi)際需要在時間和空間上靈活(huo)調整，因而用電負荷(he)具有(you)較好的(de)時空可控性，靈活(huo)響(xiang)應潛(qian)力巨大，可通過電力與算(suan)力的(de)協同優化調度，實(shi)現對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)靈活(huo)響(xiang)應。

案例2-5國家電(dian)網公司(si)多種方式推(tui)動需(xu)求側響應應用

國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)積極推動實施需(xu)求側(ce)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，引導(dao)用戶(hu)主動主動錯避峰(feng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，緩(huan)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)需(xu)緊張(zhang)，填(tian)補低谷(gu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷，提升新能源消納能力(li)。2021年(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)江蘇(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)組織中長期可(ke)調(diao)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷輔(fu)助(zhu)服務市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，達成(cheng)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)87筆次(ci)，成(cheng)交(jiao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)81萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，實際執行填(tian)谷(gu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷86萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量430萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)。國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)山(shan)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)啟動基(ji)于市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)機制的(de)可(ke)控負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷參與削峰(feng)填(tian)谷(gu)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，最大(da)(da)調(diao)節響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)能力(li)約30萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，2021年(nian)開展交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)45次(ci)，累(lei)計響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量600萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時(shi)，最大(da)(da)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)15萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。此外(wai)，陜西省(sheng)建立了“陜西省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求側(ce)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)研究中心”，培育21家負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷聚(ju)合商，簽約用戶(hu)1086戶(hu)，儲備量240萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)需(xu)求側(ce)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)簽約負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷，占最大(da)(da)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷的(de)6.8%。2022年(nian)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)山(shan)東、上海、江蘇(su)、湖北(bei)、陜西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在迎峰(feng)度夏期間積極采用需(xu)求響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)缺口，全力(li)保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)需(xu)平衡，全力(li)守住民生用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)底線。

國(guo)家電網(wang)公司(si)浙(zhe)江電力(li)開發應用(yong)(yong)“區塊鏈+5G”需求(qiu)響(xiang)應系統，利(li)用(yong)(yong)區塊鏈技術解(jie)決數(shu)據(ju)信(xin)任問(wen)題，利(li)用(yong)(yong)5 G網(wang)絡解(jie)決數(shu)據(ju)通(tong)信(xin)傳輸問(wen)題，二者結合有效推動需求(qiu)響(xiang)應實施(shi)。2021年12月，該(gai)需求(qiu)響(xiang)應系統在浙(zhe)江義(yi)烏正式(shi)開展試點驗證，已上(shang)鏈數(shu)據(ju)3.85萬(wan)條(tiao)，涉及5G基站94座。該(gai)系統聚合了(le)可中(zhong)斷(duan)復合、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)儲能等各(ge)種靈活性響(xiang)應資源，利(li)用(yong)(yong)5G基站的備用(yong)(yong)電電池實現參與電網(wang)削峰填谷，助力(li)鐵塔公司(si)打造(zao)綠色基站，實現電力(li)行(xing)業、通(tong)信(xin)行(xing)業雙(shuang)贏和降本增(zeng)效。

案例2-6電(dian)力(li)與算力(li)協同優化調(diao)度(du)挖掘(jue)數據中心負荷靈活性

受新基建、網絡強國(guo)、數(shu)字經濟及(ji)(ji)等國(guo)家政策(ce)影響以(yi)及(ji)(ji)新一代信息技(ji)術發展的驅動，我國(guo)數(shu)據中心(xin)市場規模持(chi)續擴張，業務收(shou)入保(bao)持(chi)高(gao)速增長。

數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心負(fu)(fu)荷(he)主要包括(kuo)IT設備(bei)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)、制冷負(fu)(fu)荷(he)、照明負(fu)(fu)荷(he)等，其中(zhong)IT設備(bei)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)與制冷負(fu)(fu)荷(he)與其算力任務相(xiang)關。首先，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心負(fu)(fu)荷(he)在(zai)時間上具有(you)靈活性，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心中(zhong)的批(pi)處(chu)(chu)理數(shu)(shu)據(ju)只要在(zai)規定(ding)時間內處(chu)(chu)理完(wan)畢(bi)即可(ke)，非實(shi)時任務可(ke)以適當轉(zhuan)移或(huo)者延遲處(chu)(chu)理；其次，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心負(fu)(fu)荷(he)還具有(you)空間上的靈活性，同一云服(fu)務提供(gong)商，可(ke)在(zai)多地(di)擁有(you)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心，各數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心之間通過(guo)光纖(xian)等傳輸設備(bei)，實(shi)現異(yi)地(di)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)和工作負(fu)(fu)載轉(zhuan)移。因此，數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心能夠(gou)根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)力調(diao)度(du)中(zhong)心的需要，主動進行(xing)需求響應，乃(nai)至發揮“虛(xu)擬電(dian)廠”的功效。

數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中心在時間(jian)維(wei)度上轉移負載，可為電力系(xi)統(tong)提供(gong)調峰、調頻等輔助服務；在空(kong)間(jian)維(wei)度上優化調控負荷，可推進(jin)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)算(suan)力跨區域(yu)流通，實現“東(dong)數(shu)(shu)西算(suan)”。

圖2-1數據(ju)中心負荷靈活響應示意圖

（六）著力(li)提高配電網接(jie)納分布式(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)的能(neng)力(li)

主(zhu)要政策點1：發展(zhan)分布式(shi)智能電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業加強有源(yuan)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)（主(zhu)動(dong)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)）規劃、設計、運行方法研究，探索(suo)開展(zhan)適應分布式(shi)新能源(yuan)接(jie)入的直(zhi)流配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)工程示范。

隨著我國(guo)提出(chu)碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)重大(da)宣示，我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機容(rong)量快(kuai)速增長，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特別(bie)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展取得(de)突出(chu)成就(jiu)。2021年(nian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)新(xin)增裝機2928萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)，占全(quan)部(bu)新(xin)增光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機的(de)(de)(de)(de)53%，新(xin)增裝機首次超過(guo)集中式(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使得(de)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)成為(wei)有(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隨荷(he)(he)(he)動(dong)轉變為(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷(he)(he)(he)互(hu)動(dong)。新(xin)形勢(shi)下，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)對配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、設(she)(she)計、運行方法提出(chu)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰。一是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)力具有(you)不確定(ding)性(xing)和(he)間(jian)歇性(xing)特征(zheng)，加(jia)上(shang)與負荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙向互(hu)動(dong)，使得(de)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷(he)(he)(he)特性(xing)更加(jia)復雜，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計與運行需要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)(fen)考慮源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)荷(he)(he)(he)儲互(hu)動(dong)條件(jian)下與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交互(hu)特性(xing)，實現友好(hao)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)和(he)就(jiu)地消(xiao)納；二是(shi)由于傳(chuan)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、設(she)(she)計、運行主要(yao)(yao)考慮以(yi)化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燃料為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠特性(xing)，而分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設(she)(she)較大(da)程度上(shang)受資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)、消(xiao)納負荷(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)需要(yao)(yao)進一步考慮到大(da)規(gui)模(mo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題；三是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建設(she)(she)周期存在(zai)不匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，因此，當前部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區，特別(bie)是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)富集地區，出(chu)現了輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量不夠(gou)、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納空間(jian)不足等問(wen)題；四是(shi)規(gui)模(mo)化分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)會對上(shang)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行特性(xing)產生較大(da)改變，在(zai)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)運行過(guo)程中，也(ye)要(yao)(yao)充分(fen)(fen)考慮規(gui)模(mo)化分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)整體(ti)運行特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，加(jia)強輸(shu)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接(jie)。

有源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)建(jian)設，需要(yao)從(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統整體網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架結(jie)構出(chu)發(fa)(fa)，充分結(jie)合分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納需求，加強輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)間的銜接，迭代(dai)優化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)建(jian)設方(fang)案，將一貫從(cong)(cong)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級向低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)逐漸(jian)轉型發(fa)(fa)展為輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)高(gao)效互(hu)動(dong)的新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統。為此《實施方(fang)案》提(ti)出(chu)推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企業加強有源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)（主(zhu)動(dong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)）規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、設計(ji)、運行方(fang)法研究，以供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全可靠保障(zhang)為基礎，統籌協調(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展，規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)建(jian)設與新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納相適(shi)應的配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)架結(jie)構。《“十四五(wu)”現(xian)代(dai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》也提(ti)出(chu)，加快配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)改造(zao)升級，推動(dong)智能(neng)(neng)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、主(zhu)動(dong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建(jian)設，提(ti)高(gao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)接納新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和多元化(hua)(hua)負荷(he)的承載(zai)力(li)和靈活性，促進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)優先就(jiu)地就(jiu)近開發(fa)(fa)利用。

分布(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)是構建(jian)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占比逐漸提(ti)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵一(yi)(yi)環，有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網作為承載分布(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎，在提(ti)供供電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，還將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)具(ju)備平衡(heng)多元電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。未(wei)來圍繞分布(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多元化應(ying)(ying)用場景將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不斷開拓，依托“源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲”一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化、新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)微電(dian)(dian)網、光(guang)伏直流側直接利用、直流配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網工程(cheng)示范(fan)等新(xin)模式(shi)，有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)向著分布(bu)式(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與智(zhi)慧交通、綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)筑、工業園區等應(ying)(ying)用場景融合發展(zhan)(zhan)。新(xin)形勢(shi)下(xia)，需要進一(yi)(yi)步深入研究不同環節對有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網規劃(hua)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、運行提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)要求(qiu)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)網作為電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部分統(tong)(tong)籌考(kao)慮，統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)規劃(hua)、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)管理。

案例2-7示(shi)范建設有(you)源配電網(wang)適應新能源大規模接入新格局(ju)

在加快構(gou)建新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)進程中(zhong)，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)承載著源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷儲高效互動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，涵蓋(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)生產(chan)、傳輸、存儲和消費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全部環(huan)節，浙江省麗水市新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富，“十四五”期間(jian)將(jiang)新(xin)增裝(zhuang)機190萬千瓦，面(mian)對(dui)超過45%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)以分布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態接入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、系統(tong)運行方式更(geng)加復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況，國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司麗水供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司統(tong)籌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)補強和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)彈(dan)(dan)性互動(dong)(dong)提(ti)升，從(cong)“網(wang)架提(ti)升、彈(dan)(dan)性升級、智敏(min)運檢(jian)(jian)”三維發力(li)(li)，建設(she)網(wang)架靈活(huo)(huo)、安全可(ke)靠(kao)、高效互動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高彈(dan)(dan)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。在網(wang)架提(ti)升方面(mian)，打造簡潔標準、靈活(huo)(huo)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一次網(wang)架。在彈(dan)(dan)性升級方面(mian)，推動(dong)(dong)網(wang)架結構(gou)由(you)傳統(tong)單向(xiang)(xiang)無(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)絡向(xiang)(xiang)柔性互聯、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、局部直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)等(deng)供需互動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)絡轉型。在智能(neng)運檢(jian)(jian)方面(mian)，因地(di)制宜選(xuan)用(yong)5G、北斗等(deng)技術(shu)提(ti)升配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)覆蓋(gai)率，部署(shu)網(wang)絡動(dong)(dong)態重構(gou)、無(wu)功自動(dong)(dong)優化(hua)等(deng)高級應(ying)用(yong)，推動(dong)(dong)配(pei)網(wang)從(cong)物理態向(xiang)(xiang)數字態發展躍(yue)變，促進配(pei)網(wang)可(ke)觀(guan)可(ke)測、靈活(huo)(huo)自愈、全景透明(ming)。

浙江省麗水市(shi)高(gao)承載高(gao)自愈的有源配電(dian)網(wang)示(shi)范(fan)推(tui)(tui)動了我國新型電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統建設進程，后(hou)續可基于麗水有源配電(dian)網(wang)示(shi)范(fan)建設因地(di)制宜(yi)推(tui)(tui)廣復(fu)制，助力(li)實現全(quan)國清潔能源高(gao)效消納，保(bao)障電(dian)網(wang)的安全(quan)穩定與系(xi)統平(ping)衡。

主要(yao)政策(ce)點2：加大投資建(jian)設改造力度，提高配(pei)(pei)電網智(zhi)能化水平，著力提升配(pei)(pei)電網接入分布式新(xin)能源的能力。

近(jin)年來國家一(yi)直鼓(gu)勵配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建設發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，隨著風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏、氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)等在(zai)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)愈發(fa)重要，成為連(lian)接能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產、轉(zhuan)換、消費的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標也(ye)從較為單一(yi)的(de)(de)提供優(you)質可靠(kao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務向清潔低碳、安(an)(an)全(quan)可靠(kao)、泛(fan)在(zai)互(hu)聯、高效互(hu)動(dong)(dong)、智能(neng)開(kai)放的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向逐步演進。與此同時(shi)，大(da)(da)規模分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接入(ru)給配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)帶來了強不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性和弱慣性，這對于配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)運行造成一(yi)定(ding)挑戰(zhan)。例如，目前我國華(hua)東地區已經出現支撐電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)足、負荷中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)空心(xin)(xin)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)趨勢，快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)難以(yi)像傳(chuan)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)樣提供轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣量、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓支持等系(xi)統支撐，有源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)頻率調(diao)節(jie)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控(kong)制(zhi)等安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)運行問題(ti)凸顯，系(xi)統潮流(liu)流(liu)向可能(neng)發(fa)生較大(da)(da)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)和波動(dong)(dong)。因(yin)此，為匹配(pei)(pei)(pei)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消納需求，需要結(jie)合配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)現狀，提高配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)水平，統籌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)安(an)(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)運行與分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接入(ru)，在(zai)保障系(xi)統穩定(ding)運行基礎上實現分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)最大(da)(da)化(hua)(hua)接入(ru)。

配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)作為分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納的(de)(de)支撐平(ping)臺(tai)以及多元電(dian)(dian)力信息集成的(de)(de)數據平(ping)臺(tai)，是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)承載力和(he)(he)靈活性的(de)(de)關鍵。因此，配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)升級改造對于分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)規模化(hua)接(jie)入重要(yao)性尤為凸顯。為此《實(shi)施(shi)方案》提(ti)(ti)出加大投資(zi)改造力度，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平(ping)。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)投資(zi)、技術支撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力向配網(wang)(wang)傾(qing)斜，不斷提(ti)(ti)升配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)對分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)主動(dong)響(xiang)應和(he)(he)服務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。推(tui)(tui)動(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)升級，感知全面(mian)的(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)信息，實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)力供(gong)需動(dong)態變化(hua)的(de)(de)跟蹤監測(ce)，統籌分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)需求，提(ti)(ti)供(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)。2022年1月(yue)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)《關于完善能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳轉型(xing)體制機制和(he)(he)政策措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)意(yi)見》（發(fa)改能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2022〕206號）也(ye)提(ti)(ti)出，大力推(tui)(tui)進高(gao)比(bi)例容納分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設，鼓勵建設源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲一(yi)體化(hua)、多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補的(de)(de)智慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系統和(he)(he)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

未來隨著電網轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式電源(yuan)、電動汽車、儲能(neng)(neng)等可控負荷的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛接(jie)入(ru)，以及可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代、綜合能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務、基(ji)于數字技(ji)術的(de)(de)“虛(xu)擬電廠”的(de)(de)快速發展(zhan)，都亟需(xu)更加(jia)靈活互動的(de)(de)配(pei)電網系統作為載體。通過智能(neng)(neng)化的(de)(de)數字技(ji)術為電網賦能(neng)(neng)，實(shi)現對分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛接(jie)入(ru)、調(diao)控能(neng)(neng)力，促進新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)就(jiu)近(jin)供電、就(jiu)地消納(na)。同時，配(pei)電網是電網系統中較為容易產生(sheng)新業(ye)態新模(mo)式的(de)(de)環(huan)節，未來將(jiang)通過一系列(lie)政(zheng)策措施(shi)，鼓勵結(jie)合相關項目開展(zhan)配(pei)電網改造(zao)升級試(shi)點示范，支持新技(ji)術應用和(he)商業(ye)模(mo)式，共同支撐配(pei)電網智能(neng)(neng)化水(shui)平與(yu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式電源(yuan)協(xie)調(diao)發展(zhan)。

案(an)例2-8推動(dong)配電網智能(neng)化升級(ji)提(ti)升接入(ru)分布式新能(neng)源能(neng)力

在“雙碳”目標(biao)、推動整縣(xian)屋頂(ding)光(guang)(guang)伏建設(she)等(deng)相關(guan)政策背景下，山東省魚臺(tai)縣(xian)分布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏高(gao)速(su)增長，呈現“點(dian)(dian)多(duo)面廣、局部(bu)高(gao)密度并(bing)網(wang)(wang)”的特點(dian)(dian)。提高(gao)分布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)量可(ke)觀(guan)可(ke)測性，支撐分布式(shi)(shi)新能源(yuan)接入配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)，推動電(dian)網(wang)(wang)向能源(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)升級，是魚臺(tai)縣(xian)配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)智能化(hua)發(fa)展的重點(dian)(dian)方向。

國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公司(si)魚(yu)臺(tai)縣(xian)供電(dian)(dian)公司(si)將電(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化建(jian)設融入(ru)縣(xian)域配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)規劃(hua)。面(mian)(mian)對(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)快(kuai)速發展(zhan)帶來的電(dian)(dian)網(wang)接入(ru)能(neng)力(li)不足及配(pei)變重過載、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)安全問題，優化投資策略，加大智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化項目(mu)支(zhi)持力(li)度(du)，推進(jin)調(diao)度(du)自動(dong)化、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)自動(dong)化、營銷用(yong)(yong)采(cai)系統(tong)、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)能(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)慧平臺(tai)等(deng)多方(fang)平臺(tai)信息資源(yuan)建(jian)設，發揮大數(shu)據融合創新(xin)(xin)，全面(mian)(mian)開展(zhan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)監(jian)測控制(zhi)提升工作。對(dui)魚(yu)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)10千伏(fu)(fu)(fu)及以(yi)下分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)數(shu)據進(jin)行“網(wang)格(ge)化”分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區展(zhan)示，實(shi)(shi)現了光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)位置精(jing)準(zhun)定位以(yi)及鄉鎮(zhen)、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)為單(dan)位的發電(dian)(dian)上網(wang)數(shu)據實(shi)(shi)時可觀；對(dui)用(yong)(yong)采(cai)系統(tong)和用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)能(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)慧平臺(tai)數(shu)據進(jin)行整合、挖掘和分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析，實(shi)(shi)現分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)精(jing)準(zhun)監(jian)測；依托(tuo)調(diao)度(du)自動(dong)化、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)自動(dong)化、營銷用(yong)(yong)采(cai)系統(tong)，對(dui)10千伏(fu)(fu)(fu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)遠程平滑調(diao)節、低壓(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)線上聯(lian)動(dong)控制(zhi)，實(shi)(shi)現分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)可調(diao)可控。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化升級有助于提升分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)接入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)能(neng)力(li)，提高消納利用(yong)(yong)水(shui)平。

魚臺縣在配電(dian)網(wang)智能化(hua)水平(ping)提升方面的探(tan)索為(wei)今后分布(bu)式光伏合(he)理化(hua)布(bu)局、有序接入(ru)以(yi)及(ji)配套(tao)電(dian)網(wang)發展(zhan)規劃建(jian)設提供輔助決策和科學依(yi)據。

主(zhu)要政策點(dian)3：合理確定(ding)配電網接入分(fen)布式新能源比例(li)要求(qiu)

2021年(nian)，以(yi)整(zheng)縣(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)）為單(dan)位推動屋(wu)(wu)頂分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)政(zheng)策出(chu)臺(tai)，推動了(le)整(zheng)縣(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)）分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資源(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)規(gui)劃、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)建設，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了(le)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)模效(xiao)應(ying)、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)友好性，全國(guo)共計676個縣(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)）參與項目(mu)申報(bao)并被列為整(zheng)縣(xian)（市(shi)、區(qu)）屋(wu)(wu)頂分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)試點(dian)，分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)進入(ru)(ru)(ru)新的(de)(de)快速發(fa)(fa)展階段。在(zai)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)要求方(fang)面(mian)，2019年(nian)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)《分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)承載力(li)(li)評(ping)(ping)估導(dao)則》（DL/T 2041-2019）作為目(mu)前(qian)評(ping)(ping)估分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)主要依(yi)據(ju)，詳細制定(ding)(ding)了(le)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)評(ping)(ping)估流程，將熱穩定(ding)(ding)、短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏差(cha)等(deng)關鍵因素納入(ru)(ru)(ru)評(ping)(ping)估范(fan)圍，對(dui)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)有重要的(de)(de)指導(dao)意(yi)義(yi)。但(dan)隨著(zhu)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)模的(de)(de)不斷提(ti)(ti)高，分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大范(fan)圍、多點(dian)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，對(dui)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)銜接(jie)、調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)模和布(bu)(bu)局等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)更高需(xu)求，需(xu)要各地區(qu)在(zai)充分考慮負荷增長幅度的(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)(ti)下，科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理評(ping)(ping)估配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)接(jie)納分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)力(li)(li)。在(zai)落實國(guo)家雙碳戰略(lve)目(mu)標的(de)(de)新形勢下，需(xu)要對(dui)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)分布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)進行深入(ru)(ru)(ru)研(yan)究。

隨著分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接入(ru)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)網(wang)的規(gui)模(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加，需要統籌(chou)(chou)協(xie)調分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展與輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)建設、改(gai)(gai)造時(shi)序，科學(xue)客(ke)觀地確(que)定各個(ge)臺區接入(ru)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的比例。因此(ci)《實(shi)施(shi)方案》提出合理確(que)定配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)接入(ru)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比例要求(qiu)，因地制宜(yi)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同區域負(fu)荷特性、電(dian)網(wang)現狀及(ji)規(gui)劃目(mu)標(biao)、新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦及(ji)發展目(mu)標(biao)，從(cong)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統整(zheng)體角度出發，充分(fen)(fen)考慮負(fu)荷增(zeng)長、系(xi)統電(dian)力(li)電(dian)量平衡、輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)銜接等多重因素，對分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)中的接入(ru)規(gui)模(mo)綜合分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，統籌(chou)(chou)安(an)排分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發和配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)建設改(gai)(gai)造進度，科學(xue)合理提升分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接入(ru)比例，有效解(jie)決(jue)大規(gui)模(mo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接入(ru)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)后帶(dai)來的系(xi)統調峰(feng)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足、輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)容(rong)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)、影響電(dian)網(wang)安(an)全穩定等問題。

同(tong)時，根據實際情況(kuang)，可(ke)(ke)進一步考慮(lv)針對配(pei)電網分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和(he)提(ti)升(sheng)措施建立常態化(hua)評(ping)(ping)估機制(zhi)，形成完善(shan)的定期評(ping)(ping)估監管(guan)和(he)發布(bu)(bu)(bu)機制(zhi)，從源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲(chu)協調(diao)發展角(jiao)度科(ke)學判(pan)斷、量化(hua)評(ping)(ping)估，深刻剖析(xi)制(zhi)約分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并網的問題。充分(fen)(fen)考慮(lv)電力(li)系(xi)統技術創新進步，研究(jiu)采用新型配(pei)電網技術、新型儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、需求側響(xiang)應、虛(xu)擬電廠等(deng)措施提(ti)高分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)入電網能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的可(ke)(ke)行性，以引導分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)化(hua)布(bu)(bu)(bu)局，促(cu)進分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)電網協調(diao)發展，推動實施相關分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)接(jie)網條件提(ti)升(sheng)措施，保障(zhang)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)健(jian)康(kang)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發展。

案例2-9試(shi)行(xing)公布可(ke)開放容量助力分布式光伏(fu)發展(zhan)

在(zai)整縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)推進過程中(zhong)，部分(fen)(fen)(fen)地(di)區出現(xian)(xian)了短期內并(bing)(bing)網的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源超過電(dian)網承載能力的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象，暫緩了分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)備案(an)和并(bing)(bing)網申請(qing)。為(wei)預防此類問(wen)題(ti)，福建省長汀縣(xian)率先試行(xing)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)信(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辦法(fa)，每月定期根(gen)據(ju)長汀縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)累(lei)計并(bing)(bing)網容(rong)(rong)量(liang)進行(xing)動態更新110千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及以下配電(dian)網設備的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，并(bing)(bing)向社會公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。試行(xing)辦法(fa)以切(qie)實提升分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)消(xiao)納能力和并(bing)(bing)網服務水平、指導分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有序合理開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)為(wei)目標，對(dui)全縣(xian)變電(dian)站、配電(dian)臺區分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)進行(xing)電(dian)網承載能力評估和可開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)測(ce)算，明(ming)確具體計算方(fang)法(fa)和判斷標準，并(bing)(bing)針對(dui)暫不(bu)具備消(xiao)納條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)區域，提出開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)建設的(de)(de)(de)建議。

該(gai)辦法是推動分(fen)布式(shi)光伏(fu)健康可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發展邁出的重要(yao)一(yi)步(bu)，后續可(ke)(ke)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)結合局部電力系統實(shi)際情況，開(kai)展容量測算分(fen)析的合理性、提(ti)升措施的可(ke)(ke)行性評估，科(ke)學合理引導分(fen)布式(shi)光伏(fu)開(kai)發，優先(xian)向新能(neng)源消納潛力大、電網承載力強的區域(yu)發展，提(ti)高電力系統對大規模分(fen)布式(shi)新能(neng)源接網和消納的適應(ying)性，保障電力系統安全運(yun)行和可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)供應(ying)。

案例2-10南(nan)方電(dian)網(wang)公司開(kai)展整縣屋頂分(fen)布(bu)式光伏接入系(xi)統專項規(gui)劃研究，支撐能(neng)源綠色低碳發展

南(nan)方電網(wang)公司為促(cu)進(jin)分(fen)(fen)布式屋頂光伏(fu)資源有序(xu)開(kai)發，提(ti)前做好(hao)配電網(wang)改造(zao)升級，實(shi)現分(fen)(fen)布式光伏(fu)“應并(bing)盡并(bing)”的(de)目標，在開(kai)展(zhan)“十(shi)四五(wu)”新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源接(jie)入(ru)系(xi)統規劃研究(jiu)的(de)基礎上，進(jin)一步開(kai)展(zhan)南(nan)方五(wu)省區(qu)105個整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)布式屋頂光伏(fu)試點區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)專項規劃，測(ce)算整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)電網(wang)承載能(neng)(neng)力及(ji)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源消納情況，分(fen)(fen)析整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)屋頂分(fen)(fen)布式光伏(fu)接(jie)入(ru)的(de)影響因素，研究(jiu)整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)光伏(fu)可接(jie)入(ru)容量，制定整(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)光伏(fu)典型接(jie)入(ru)方案(an)和(he)配套(tao)電網(wang)建設方案(an)。

（七）穩妥推(tui)進新能源參與電力市場交易

主要(yao)政策點1：支(zhi)持(chi)新能源項目與用戶開展(zhan)直接交易，鼓勵簽訂長期購售(shou)電(dian)(dian)協議，電(dian)(dian)網企業應采取有效(xiao)措施確(que)保協議執行(xing)。

新能(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)力(li)市場交(jiao)易(yi)是(shi)促(cu)進新能(neng)源(yuan)消納的重要途(tu)徑。為(wei)支持和規(gui)范各地(di)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)，2016和2020年，國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委、國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)局分別印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《電(dian)(dian)力(li)中長(chang)期交(jiao)易(yi)基(ji)本規(gui)則（暫行）》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)能(neng)源(yuan)〔2016〕2784號(hao)）、《電(dian)(dian)力(li)中長(chang)期交(jiao)易(yi)基(ji)本規(gui)則》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)能(neng)源(yuan)〔2020〕889號(hao)），明確提出由各電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)機構(gou)負責組織(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)可再生能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)相關交(jiao)易(yi)。

由于(yu)(yu)歷史(shi)沿(yan)革和電力(li)系統(tong)運(yun)行特(te)點，當前(qian)階段(duan)我(wo)國(guo)電力(li)工業正(zheng)處于(yu)(yu)計劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)市場(chang)雙軌運(yun)行階段(duan)。為(wei)保(bao)障我(wo)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業健康平穩(wen)發展(zhan)，國(guo)家發展(zhan)改(gai)革委、國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局于(yu)(yu)2019年發布《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)規范優(you)先發電優(you)先購電計劃(hua)(hua)管理的(de)通知(zhi)》，將新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)列(lie)為(wei)優(you)先發電的(de)支持(chi)范圍(wei)。根據文件(jian)精(jing)神，風電、光伏發電在消納(na)(na)不受限地區全額電量列(lie)入發電計劃(hua)(hua)，在消納(na)(na)受限地區要(yao)(yao)采取合(he)理有(you)效(xiao)措施，確保(bao)全額保(bao)障性(xing)收購政策(ce)有(you)效(xiao)執行。同時(shi)，為(wei)適應電力(li)體制(zhi)市場(chang)化改(gai)革要(yao)(yao)求，文件(jian)鼓勵(li)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)通過市場(chang)化方式落實可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)先發電政策(ce)。

2022年，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)改革委、國(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)局印發(fa)《關于(yu)加快建設全國(guo)統(tong)一(yi)電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)體系的指導意見(jian)》（發(fa)改體改〔2022〕118號(hao)），對新(xin)能源(yuan)參與(yu)(yu)市場(chang)(chang)、開展(zhan)直(zhi)接(jie)交易進行(xing)了更(geng)為(wei)明(ming)確(que)的規定，提出有序(xu)推動新(xin)能源(yuan)參與(yu)(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)交易，引導新(xin)能源(yuan)簽(qian)訂(ding)較(jiao)長(chang)期限(xian)的中長(chang)期合同，鼓勵(li)分(fen)布式光伏(fu)、分(fen)散式風電(dian)等主(zhu)體與(yu)(yu)周邊用戶直(zhi)接(jie)交易。到(dao)2030年，實現(xian)新(xin)能源(yuan)全面參與(yu)(yu)市場(chang)(chang)交易。

目(mu)前，全國絕大(da)(da)部分省區(qu)均已建(jian)成中長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)，為新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與(yu)(yu)中長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)電(dian)力交(jiao)易創(chuang)造了有利條件。初步(bu)統(tong)計，已有二(er)十(shi)多(duo)個(ge)省（自治區(qu)、直(zhi)轄(xia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)）的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)不同(tong)程度(du)參(can)與(yu)(yu)到電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化交(jiao)易中。電(dian)力現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易機制可以(yi)在(zai)更大(da)(da)程度(du)發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)作用(yong)，調動系統(tong)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)實現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納，但現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)價格的波動性(xing)較大(da)(da)，直(zhi)接參(can)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易會對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)主體(ti)(ti)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)造成影響。為進一步(bu)發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)機制對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納的促進作用(yong)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)開發主體(ti)(ti)的合理收(shou)(shou)益(yi)，《實施(shi)方案》提(ti)出“支持新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)與(yu)(yu)用(yong)戶開展直(zhi)接交(jiao)易，鼓勵簽訂長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)購(gou)售電(dian)協(xie)議，電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)應采取(qu)有效措(cuo)施(shi)確(que)保(bao)協(xie)議執(zhi)行”，旨在(zai)鼓勵新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)企業(ye)在(zai)中長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)發揮新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成本優(you)勢(shi)和綠色(se)屬性(xing)優(you)勢(shi)，通過簽訂中長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)購(gou)售電(dian)協(xie)議方式與(yu)(yu)電(dian)力用(yong)戶直(zhi)接交(jiao)易，以(yi)規避市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)波動風險，鎖定(ding)預(yu)期(qi)收(shou)(shou)益(yi)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)強調電(dian)網(wang)公司(si)要確(que)保(bao)協(xie)議執(zhi)行，真正落實可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)優(you)先(xian)發電(dian)政策。

案(an)例2-11國(guo)電投與巴斯夫簽署國(guo)內首個25年綠電購電協議

2022年3月，國(guo)家電投集團廣東(dong)(dong)電力(li)有限(xian)公司與巴(ba)(ba)斯夫一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)基地（廣東(dong)(dong)）有限(xian)公司根(gen)據廣東(dong)(dong)省可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)交易規(gui)則(ze)簽(qian)署了一(yi)(yi)份為期25年的可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)合作框架(jia)協議，為巴(ba)(ba)斯夫位于中(zhong)國(guo)廣東(dong)(dong)省湛江(jiang)(jiang)市的新一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)基地后(hou)續裝(zhuang)置供(gong)應可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)，助力(li)巴(ba)(ba)斯夫湛江(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)基地推進其(qi)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)電進程，在2025年實現100%使用可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)。

合(he)理(li)的長期(qi)購售電協(xie)議對新能(neng)源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)資企業和用戶都是一個有(you)利的選擇。相比煤電等化石能(neng)源(yuan)企業，新能(neng)源(yuan)投(tou)(tou)資企業需要一個相對穩定且長期(qi)的價格預期(qi)，才有(you)利于(yu)進行投(tou)(tou)資測算和具體決策，長期(qi)的購售電合(he)同能(neng)夠滿(man)足這一需求。對于(yu)電力用戶而言，也(ye)能(neng)夠明確長期(qi)使用可再生能(neng)源(yuan)電力的代價。

隨著國(guo)內外(wai)對于(yu)綠(lv)電(dian)需求的(de)(de)增加(jia)，越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)企業有(you)意(yi)愿與新能源發(fa)電(dian)企業簽(qian)署(shu)長期(qi)的(de)(de)購(gou)(gou)電(dian)協(xie)議（PPA）。國(guo)家電(dian)投與巴斯夫簽(qian)署(shu)長達25年的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)合同，為國(guo)內新能源項(xiang)目簽(qian)訂長期(qi)購(gou)(gou)售電(dian)協(xie)議做了有(you)益的(de)(de)探(tan)索。

主要(yao)政策點2：對國家已明確價(jia)格政策的新能(neng)源項目，電網企(qi)業應按照(zhao)有(you)關法規(gui)嚴格落(luo)實(shi)全(quan)額(e)保障性收(shou)購政策，全(quan)生命周期合(he)理(li)小時數外電量可以(yi)參與電力市場(chang)交易。

為保障(zhang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)健康穩(wen)定(ding)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，我(wo)國頒布的《可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)法》明(ming)(ming)確(que)規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)全額收購(gou)(gou)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的上網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。2016年3月，國家發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革(ge)委發(fa)布《關(guan)于印發(fa)&lt;可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全額保障(zhang)性收購(gou)(gou)管理辦法&gt;的通(tong)知》（發(fa)改能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2016〕625號），明(ming)(ming)確(que)將可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分為保障(zhang)性收購(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和市(shi)場交易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)兩部分。其(qi)中，保障(zhang)性收購(gou)(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)部分通(tong)過(guo)優(you)先安排年度發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃、與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公司簽訂優(you)先發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合同保障(zhang)全額按(an)標桿上網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價收購(gou)(gou)；市(shi)場化交易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)部分由可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)通(tong)過(guo)參與市(shi)場競爭方式(shi)獲得發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合同，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)按(an)照優(you)先調(diao)度原則執(zhi)行發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合同。該政策的出(chu)臺，達到了完成新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全額保障(zhang)性收購(gou)(gou)，以及通(tong)過(guo)市(shi)場化方式(shi)促進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納的雙重(zhong)效果。

近(jin)年來，隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)大(da)規模發展，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)比(bi)例越(yue)來越(yue)高，部分地區(qu)超過了(le)(le)50%，在(zai)(zai)部分時(shi)段部分地區(qu)出現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)消納困難的(de)情況，也(ye)發生了(le)(le)部分地區(qu)自行降低新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)保障(zhang)利用小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象，迫使新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業只得以較低電(dian)價在(zai)(zai)電(dian)力市場中競(jing)(jing)得發電(dian)權(quan)，損(sun)害了(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)投資開發企(qi)業合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。鑒于此(ci)，《實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案》明(ming)確要求嚴格落(luo)實(shi)(shi)全額保障(zhang)性(xing)收購政策，在(zai)(zai)全生命周(zhou)期(qi)合(he)理小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)內電(dian)量嚴格落(luo)實(shi)(shi)收購政策，切實(shi)(shi)保障(zhang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)，《實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方案》再次強調(diao)支持新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業在(zai)(zai)全生命周(zhou)期(qi)合(he)理小(xiao)時(shi)數(shu)以外(wai)電(dian)量參(can)與(yu)市場競(jing)(jing)爭，通過“計劃(hua)為(wei)主、市場為(wei)輔”的(de)方式保障(zhang)存量有價格政策項(xiang)目(mu)投資收益(yi)，確保新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)由(you)計劃(hua)向市場平(ping)穩過渡。

主要政策點3：在(zai)電力(li)現貨市場試(shi)點地(di)區(qu)，鼓(gu)勵新能源項目以差價合約形式參(can)與電力(li)市場交易(yi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)具有發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力實(shi)時價(jia)(jia)格、準確反映電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供需關系的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。2017年(nian)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)、國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設試(shi)(shi)(shi)點工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)辦(ban)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2017〕1453號(hao)），將廣東、蒙(meng)西、浙江(jiang)等8個地區(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為第(di)(di)一批電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點。2021年(nian)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關于(yu)進(jin)一步做好電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設試(shi)(shi)(shi)點工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)辦(ban)體(ti)改(gai)〔2021〕339號(hao)），選擇遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)、上海市(shi)(shi)(shi)、江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)、安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)、河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)、湖北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為第(di)(di)二批現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點，提出“穩妥有序推(tui)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)參(can)(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)”。2022年(nian)2月，《國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)辦(ban)公廳(ting)國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局綜合司關于(yu)加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改(gai)辦(ban)體(ti)改(gai)〔2022〕129號(hao)）發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)，提出第(di)(di)一批試(shi)(shi)(shi)點地區(qu)(qu)原則(ze)上2022年(nian)開展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)長周期連續試(shi)(shi)(shi)運行，第(di)(di)二批試(shi)(shi)(shi)點地區(qu)(qu)原則(ze)上在(zai)2022年(nian)6月底前啟動現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)運行。同(tong)時提出，推(tui)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)自愿參(can)(can)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力交易(yi)，充分(fen)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)環(huan)境價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和系統消納成(cheng)本，建立與(yu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)特性相(xiang)適應的(de)(de)交易(yi)機制(zhi)，滿足新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)對合同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量、曲線的(de)(de)靈活調(diao)節(jie)需求，在(zai)保障新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合理收益(yi)的(de)(de)前提下，鼓勵新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)以差(cha)價(jia)(jia)合約形(xing)式(shi)參(can)(can)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。

新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)參與現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)交易以(yi)(yi)中長期交易合(he)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)基(ji)礎。中長期市(shi)場(chang)目(mu)前主要存在兩種合(he)約(yue)(yue)形(xing)式，即物(wu)理合(he)約(yue)(yue)和差(cha)價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)。物(wu)理合(he)約(yue)(yue)要求新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)嚴格按(an)照合(he)同約(yue)(yue)定曲線安排電力(li)(li)生產，考慮到新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)出力(li)(li)的間歇性(xing)和波動(dong)性(xing)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)物(wu)理合(he)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)基(ji)礎參與現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)具有(you)(you)實際困難。而差(cha)價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)屬(shu)于(yu)金(jin)融合(he)約(yue)(yue)，不要求新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)嚴格執(zhi)行約(yue)(yue)定曲線，而在電費結算時根據現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)電價(jia)與合(he)約(yue)(yue)價(jia)的差(cha)值(zhi)予以(yi)(yi)調整。因此，差(cha)價(jia)合(he)約(yue)(yue)是(shi)對沖(chong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)出力(li)(li)不可(ke)控性(xing)所(suo)帶來的市(shi)場(chang)風險的有(you)(you)效手段(duan)，也(ye)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)參與現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)交易的有(you)(you)利選擇。

有鑒于此，《實(shi)施(shi)方案(an)》提出，在電力現貨市(shi)(shi)場試點地區，鼓勵新能(neng)源(yuan)項目以差價合約(yue)形式參與電力市(shi)(shi)場交易，從而實(shi)現既通(tong)過(guo)現貨市(shi)(shi)場機制促進新能(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)，又在一定程(cheng)度上保證新能(neng)源(yuan)投資(zi)開發企(qi)業(ye)的合理收益(yi)。

案例2-12某現貨試點采取多種差價(jia)合(he)約方式促進新(xin)能源消納保證(zheng)合(he)理收(shou)益

隨著新(xin)能(neng)源裝機占(zhan)比及發電(dian)量占(zhan)比逐年增加，新(xin)能(neng)源已經成(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的重要參(can)與者，同時(shi)由于(yu)新(xin)能(neng)源出力的波(bo)動性(xing)和不可控性(xing)，完全參(can)與現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)無法保(bao)證(zheng)其合(he)理收益。在(zai)第(di)一批電(dian)力現貨試(shi)點中，某試(shi)點積極探索新(xin)能(neng)源采(cai)用多種形式(shi)差(cha)價合(he)約方式(shi)參(can)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，促(cu)進新(xin)能(neng)源消納，保(bao)證(zheng)新(xin)能(neng)源主體合(he)理收益。

一是在外送電(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)，按照新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)預(yu)測曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)滾動分(fen)(fen)解(jie)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)中(zhong)長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，分(fen)(fen)解(jie)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)用于(yu)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的偏(pian)差結算；二(er)是省(sheng)內中(zhong)長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)由電(dian)量交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)改為(wei)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)段電(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，鼓勵(li)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)場(chang)(chang)站通過(guo)提高預(yu)測精(jing)度(du)實(shi)現(xian)更(geng)高收益；三是對于(yu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)偏(pian)差電(dian)量超(chao)過(guo)30%的部分(fen)(fen)在現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)造成的偏(pian)差虧損(sun)給予(yu)補償，降低(di)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)中(zhong)長期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)風險；四是縮(suo)短交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)周期(qi)，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)長期(qi)月(yue)內連續開市(shi)，開展發電(dian)權隨(sui)時(shi)轉讓交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)品種，為(wei)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規避風險提供便利。

通過(guo)多(duo)種措施，新能(neng)源(yuan)提(ti)高了市(shi)場收益(yi)，協調了省(sheng)間和(he)省(sheng)內(nei)市(shi)場，統一了保供應和(he)促消納的關系，實現發用(yong)雙方共贏(ying)，促進(jin)新能(neng)源(yuan)良性高質量發展(zhan)。

案例2-13南方電(dian)網公司持(chi)續完善(shan)綠色電(dian)力交易和可再生能源電(dian)力消納量市場(chang)建設(she)

2022年南方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司印發全(quan)國首個區域市(shi)場綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)則(ze)《南方區域綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)規(gui)則(ze)（試行）》，面向電(dian)(dian)網(wang)代購電(dian)(dian)用戶(hu)建立了(le)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)認(ren)購交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)制(zhi)，滿(man)足了(le)中小企業綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)費需求。開(kai)發南方區域綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)系統(tong)，實現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)賬(zhang)戶(hu)統(tong)一(yi)管(guan)(guan)理、認(ren)購交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)統(tong)一(yi)組(zu)織、綠(lv)(lv)證(zheng)(zheng)統(tong)一(yi)管(guan)(guan)理。推(tui)動南方五(wu)省區常態化(hua)開(kai)展南方區域綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，全(quan)年共成交(jiao)(jiao)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)38.3億千瓦時(shi)，同比增長280%，助力(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司總部基地、海南博鰲論壇首次(ci)實現(xian)100%綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)供應。加(jia)強與國家可再(zai)生能(neng)源信息管(guan)(guan)理中心等(deng)單位合(he)作，建立了(le)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)與綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)費憑證(zheng)(zheng)的統(tong)一(yi)核發機(ji)制(zhi)，實現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)全(quan)生命周期溯源，為(wei)企業提(ti)供更為(wei)權威、便捷的綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)查證(zheng)(zheng)服務。6月南方五(wu)省區舉(ju)辦了(le)首批綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)和綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)費憑證(zheng)(zheng)的“雙證(zheng)(zheng)”頒發儀式。組(zu)織開(kai)展了(le)2022年南方區域跨(kua)(kua)區跨(kua)(kua)省可再(zai)生能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)消(xiao)納(na)量交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)105億千瓦時(shi)。

（八）完善可(ke)再生能源(yuan)電力消納責任(ren)權重制度

主要政策點1：科學合理設定各省（自治區、直轄市）中長期可再生能(neng)源電力消納(na)責任(ren)權(quan)重

2019年(nian)《國(guo)(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)展改革委國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)關于建(jian)立(li)健全可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)保障機(ji)制(zhi)的(de)通知》（發(fa)(fa)(fa)改能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2019〕807號(hao)）發(fa)(fa)(fa)布，建(jian)立(li)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)制(zhi)度。2021年(nian)又發(fa)(fa)(fa)布政策，提出國(guo)(guo)務院能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主管(guan)部(bu)門逐(zhu)年(nian)定期向各省(sheng)級行政區域下(xia)達兩年(nian)內的(de)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)，其中本(ben)年(nian)度可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)為(wei)約束性指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，各省(sheng)（自(zi)治(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市(shi)）按(an)(an)此進行考(kao)核評估；下(xia)一年(nian)度可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)為(wei)預期性指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，各省(sheng)（自(zi)治(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市(shi)）按(an)(an)此開展項目(mu)儲備。可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)(na)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)制(zhi)度的(de)實施，科(ke)學引導了各省(sheng)（自(zi)治(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市(shi)）可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)時序(xu)，推動可(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展和消納(na)(na)。

在可再生能源(yuan)電(dian)力消納責任權(quan)重(zhong)制(zhi)度實(shi)施過程(cheng)中，逐漸發現下達1—2年時(shi)間范圍的(de)責任權(quan)重(zhong)，對于落實(shi)具(ju)體任務還存在著不(bu)(bu)協調的(de)情(qing)況。由(you)于缺乏中長期(qi)權(quan)重(zhong)指導，各地在制(zhi)定(ding)中長期(qi)新能源(yuan)發展規劃時(shi)難以實(shi)現大范圍統籌，不(bu)(bu)利于解決新能源(yuan)發展不(bu)(bu)均衡(heng)不(bu)(bu)充分的(de)問題(ti)。

為此(ci)，《實施方案》提出科學合(he)理設定各(ge)地中長期可(ke)再生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)消納(na)責任(ren)權(quan)重(zhong)。通過(guo)合(he)理設置中長期權(quan)重(zhong)，明確(que)各(ge)省(sheng)中長期新能源(yuan)發展任(ren)務，提前引導預期，為各(ge)地提前規(gui)劃(hua)、布(bu)局(ju)新能源(yuan)項目提供有效指引，有利于充分發揮可(ke)再生(sheng)能源(yuan)電力(li)消納(na)責任(ren)權(quan)重(zhong)在促進可(ke)再生(sheng)能源(yuan)發展、引導可(ke)再生(sheng)能源(yuan)全國范(fan)圍優化配置的重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。

案例2-14我國發布可再生能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消納責任(ren)權重指標

2021年(nian)5月21日，國家發(fa)展(zhan)改革委(wei)，國家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局發(fa)布(bu)《關于2021年(nian)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)責任(ren)權重及有(you)關事項的通知》（發(fa)改能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)〔2021〕704號），公(gong)布(bu)了(le)2021年(nian)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)責任(ren)權重的約(yue)束性指標(biao)與(yu)2022年(nian)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力消納(na)責任(ren)權重的預期(qi)性指標(biao)。為各省（區、市）確定保障性并網規模，制定1—2年(nian)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)計劃(hua)提(ti)(ti)供了(le)有(you)效(xiao)引導，但引導中長期(qi)可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)的權重指標(biao)有(you)待完善(shan)。如《“十四五”可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)》中，提(ti)(ti)出2025年(nian)全國可再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力總量(liang)和非水電(dian)消納(na)責任(ren)權重分別達到(dao)33%和18%左右。

主要政策點2：做好可再生能(neng)源電力消(xiao)納責(ze)任(ren)權重制度與新(xin)增可再生能(neng)源不納入能(neng)源消(xiao)費總(zong)量控(kong)制的銜(xian)接

為做好可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)制度與能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗考(kao)核(he)(he)(he)政策的(de)銜接，2019年《國家發展(zhan)改革委國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局關(guan)于(yu)建立健(jian)全(quan)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)保(bao)障機制的(de)通知(zhi)》（發改能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)〔2019〕807號(hao)）提出(chu)“超(chao)額完(wan)成消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)不(bu)計入‘十三(san)五’能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗考(kao)核(he)(he)(he)。在確(que)保(bao)完(wan)成全(quan)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)耗總量(liang)和強(qiang)度“雙控”目標(biao)條件下，對于(yu)實際(ji)完(wan)成消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)超(chao)過本區域(yu)激(ji)勵性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)對應消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)的(de)省級行政區域(yu)，超(chao)出(chu)激(ji)勵性(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重(zhong)部分的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)折(zhe)算的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費量(liang)不(bu)納(na)(na)(na)(na)入該區域(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗雙控考(kao)核(he)(he)(he)。對納(na)(na)(na)(na)入能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗考(kao)核(he)(he)(he)的(de)企業，超(chao)額完(wan)成所在省級行政區域(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)實施方案對其確(que)定完(wan)成的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)(na)量(liang)折(zhe)算的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費量(liang)不(bu)計入其能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗考(kao)核(he)(he)(he)。”

2021年底，為(wei)推進碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和(he)，正確認識和(he)把握(wo)碳達峰碳中(zhong)和(he)，中(zhong)央(yang)經濟工(gong)作會(hui)議提出(chu)“新(xin)增可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)原(yuan)料用(yong)能不納入(ru)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)總(zong)量控(kong)(kong)制”，原(yuan)權重(zhong)政策(ce)對能耗考(kao)核的要求需要根(gen)據新(xin)的政策(ce)精神進行調整。為(wei)此，《實施(shi)方案》提出(chu)做好可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力消納責任權重(zhong)制度與新(xin)增可(ke)再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不納入(ru)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)總(zong)量控(kong)(kong)制的銜接(jie)。

隨著生(sheng)態文(wen)明建設的(de)逐步推進，可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)環境屬性在社會中的(de)認知范圍(wei)進一(yi)步擴大，各(ge)(ge)類企業對(dui)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠色電力的(de)需(xu)(xu)求水平顯著提(ti)高。新(xin)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)提(ti)出后，各(ge)(ge)地(di)對(dui)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力的(de)需(xu)(xu)求更(geng)加迫切，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)區甚至(zhi)出現了“惜(xi)售”的(de)現象。而我(wo)國(guo)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)稟賦(fu)與負(fu)荷消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)存在逆向分(fen)(fen)布(bu)的(de)特征，“三北”和(he)(he)西南(nan)等區域擁有豐富的(de)是哦夢、風能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，中東部地(di)區作為電力負(fu)荷中心，綠色電力需(xu)(xu)求規(gui)模巨大，可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)和(he)(he)利用必須堅持(chi)“全國(guo)一(yi)盤棋(qi)”的(de)總(zong)體布(bu)局和(he)(he)思路。因此，在后續可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責任權重(zhong)(zhong)制度實(shi)施過程(cheng)中，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)充分(fen)(fen)考(kao)慮“新(xin)增可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)原料用能(neng)(neng)不(bu)納(na)入(ru)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)控制”政(zheng)策(ce)對(dui)各(ge)(ge)地(di)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展和(he)(he)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)積極性的(de)影響，通(tong)過政(zheng)策(ce)、市場、價(jia)格等多(duo)樣化手段，引導跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力交易(yi)，擴大跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)規(gui)模，持(chi)續提(ti)升(sheng)存量(liang)(liang)特高壓通(tong)道可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電量(liang)(liang)輸送比例(li)，通(tong)過大范圍(wei)優化促進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廣域消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)，將可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)納(na)責任權重(zhong)(zhong)引導作用和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)耗控制政(zheng)策(ce)充分(fen)(fen)銜接起(qi)來。

案例2-15 2021年可再生(sheng)能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)消(xiao)納權重(zhong)執(zhi)行(xing)情況

2021年(nian)我(wo)國可再生能源電力總(zong)量(liang)與非水消納責(ze)(ze)任權重(zhong)(zhong)分別(bie)(bie)達(da)到29.4%、13.7%，與2020年(nian)比分別(bie)(bie)增(zeng)長(chang)0.6與0.8個(ge)百分點，共有28與29個(ge)省份分別(bie)(bie)完成了2021年(nian)總(zong)量(liang)與非水消納責(ze)(ze)任權重(zhong)(zhong)目(mu)標，其中13與19個(ge)省份達(da)到了激勵值。

根據發改能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2019〕807號(hao)文(wen)，對應省份(fen)完成消納(na)(na)量(liang)超過激(ji)勵(li)性消納(na)(na)責(ze)任權(quan)重(zhong)對應消納(na)(na)量(liang)的省級行政(zheng)區域，超出激(ji)勵(li)性消納(na)(na)責(ze)任權(quan)重(zhong)部分的消納(na)(na)量(liang)折算的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)量(liang)不(bu)納(na)(na)入該省份(fen)的能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)“雙控(kong)”考核。2021年12月的中央經濟(ji)工作(zuo)會(hui)議則更(geng)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)提(ti)出所有省份(fen)新增的可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與原料用能(neng)(neng)均不(bu)納(na)(na)入能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)總量(liang)控(kong)制，這一(yi)政(zheng)策的覆蓋范圍(wei)在807號(hao)文(wen)基礎上進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)擴展到了全部省份(fen)，原有的激(ji)勵(li)措施已失去了激(ji)勵(li)作(zuo)用。

因此(ci)，為充分發揮消納(na)責任權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)引導性(xing)作用(yong)，繼續激勵各省完成消納(na)責任權(quan)重(zhong)(zhong)任務，需盡快對原有激勵措施進行進一步修改，做好原有政策(ce)與(yu)新(xin)政策(ce)的銜(xian)接，持(chi)續推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)能源高質量發展(zhan)。

主(zhu)要政(zheng)策點3：建立完善可再生能源電力消(xiao)納責任考評(ping)指標體(ti)系(xi)和獎懲機制

2019年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)《國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委國(guo)家能源局關于建(jian)立(li)健全可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源電(dian)力(li)(li)消納(na)保障機制的(de)(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》（發(fa)(fa)改(gai)能源〔2019〕807號）提出“各省（自(zi)治區、直轄市）有(you)關部(bu)門和國(guo)家電(dian)網(wang)、南(nan)方(fang)電(dian)網(wang)及有(you)關機構，在2019年(nian)(nian)底前完成有(you)關政策實(shi)施準備工作(zuo)，自(zi)2020年(nian)(nian)1月1日(ri)起全面進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)評價和正式考(kao)核”。政策實(shi)施以(yi)來，國(guo)家能源主(zhu)管部(bu)門逐年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)布全國(guo)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源電(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)評價結果，通(tong)報可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源消納(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重執行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況。這一舉措保障了可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源消納(na)責任(ren)(ren)權重制度的(de)(de)權威(wei)性，提升(sheng)了各地發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性，有(you)力(li)(li)促進(jin)了可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

目前，可再生能(neng)(neng)源電力(li)消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)考(kao)核主(zhu)要著眼于(yu)各省（自(zi)治區(qu)、直轄市(shi)）完成下(xia)達的(de)(de)總量消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)權(quan)重和非水消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)權(quan)重情況，尚未建立完整的(de)(de)考(kao)評指標(biao)體系(xi)。同時，現階(jie)段大部(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體仍然以電網公(gong)司(si)為主(zhu)，售電、市(shi)場購電、擁有(you)(you)自(zi)備電廠的(de)(de)企業所應承擔(dan)的(de)(de)消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)仍沒有(you)(you)充分落實，客觀上增加了各地(di)區(qu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)納(na)壓力(li)，限制了部(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)發展(zhan)質量。

為此(ci)，《實施(shi)(shi)方案(an)》提出建(jian)立完(wan)(wan)善可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任考(kao)評指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系和獎懲機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。在考(kao)核評價(jia)方面，綜合(he)考(kao)慮各(ge)地(di)資源(yuan)稟賦(fu)、電(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)費、跨省區送受電(dian)(dian)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)進展(zhan)(zhan)等多種(zhong)因素，建(jian)立完(wan)(wan)整可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任考(kao)評指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)系，充分反(fan)映各(ge)地(di)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)開(kai)發和消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)等方面的(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)情況(kuang)(kuang)，加強(qiang)對(dui)省級(ji)行政(zheng)區域消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任權(quan)重完(wan)(wan)成情況(kuang)(kuang)監測評價(jia)。同(tong)時，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)量完(wan)(wan)成情況(kuang)(kuang)考(kao)核，壓實各(ge)類(lei)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)主(zhu)體(ti)責(ze)任，促進各(ge)類(lei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)公平合(he)理(li)共擔可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)責(ze)任。在獎懲機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)方面，充分利用多樣化(hua)(hua)政(zheng)策工具箱，從(cong)金融、人才、碳排放等多個(ge)角度進一步拓展(zhan)(zhan)獎懲措施(shi)(shi)范圍，提升不同(tong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)積極性(xing)，擴(kuo)大(da)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)(na)(na)利用規模，推動各(ge)地(di)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)。

案例2-16消納責任權重考評(ping)指標體系和獎懲機制初(chu)見成效(xiao)

2022年4月21日(ri)，國家(jia)能(neng)源局發布(bu)了(le)《關(guan)于2021年可再生(sheng)能(neng)源電力消納責(ze)任(ren)權重完成(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)的通(tong)(tong)報(bao)》（國能(neng)發新能(neng)〔2022〕47號），通(tong)(tong)報(bao)了(le)2021年可再生(sheng)能(neng)源電力消納責(ze)任(ren)權重完成(cheng)情(qing)況(kuang)，督促(cu)未完成(cheng)的相(xiang)關(guan)省份提出解決措(cuo)施。

通過消納責任權(quan)重(zhong)制度的(de)(de)建立，以(yi)及(ji)相關考評措(cuo)施的(de)(de)執行，有力(li)促(cu)進了新能源(yuan)發展，政策(ce)實(shi)施的(de)(de)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，風光(guang)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機規模(mo)自2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)末的(de)(de)3.6億(yi)千瓦(wa)增長(chang)至(zhi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)末的(de)(de)6.4億(yi)千瓦(wa)，風光(guang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機占比從2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)18.9%上(shang)升至(zhi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)26.7%，非水可再生能源(yuan)消納電量由2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)6341億(yi)千瓦(wa)時提升至(zhi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)1.15萬億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均增速達21.8%。

三、深(shen)化新能源領域“放管服”改革

《實施方案(an)》立足(zu)新(xin)能源項(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)的規模化、市場化發展需求，繼續深化“放管服”改革。鑒(jian)于新(xin)能源項(xiang)目點(dian)多面廣、單體規模小、建(jian)設(she)周期短等特點(dian)，重點(dian)在簡化管理程序(xu)和提升服務水平上，要求優化項(xiang)目審批及并(bing)網程序(xu)，有(you)效疏通(tong)新(xin)能源項(xiang)目開發的痛點(dian)、難(nan)點(dian)，推動新(xin)能源產業(ye)健康有(you)序(xu)發展。

（九）持續提高項(xiang)目審批效率

主要政策(ce)點1：完善新能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)投資核(he)準（備案）制度，加強(qiang)事前事中事后全鏈條(tiao)全領域(yu)監(jian)管。依(yi)托(tuo)全國投資項(xiang)目(mu)在線(xian)審批監(jian)管平臺，建立新能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)集中審批綠色通(tong)道，制定項(xiang)目(mu)準入負(fu)面(mian)清(qing)單和(he)企業(ye)(ye)承諾(nuo)事項(xiang)清(qing)單，推進實施企業(ye)(ye)投資項(xiang)目(mu)承諾(nuo)制。推動風電項(xiang)目(mu)由(you)核(he)準制調整為備案制。

按照國(guo)家(jia)和行(xing)業(ye)有(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，我國(guo)風(feng)(feng)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實行(xing)核(he)(he)準制(zhi)(zhi)，光伏發電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實行(xing)備案(an)制(zhi)(zhi)。《實施(shi)(shi)(shi)方案(an)》要(yao)求完善(shan)新能源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)核(he)(he)準（備案(an)）制(zhi)(zhi)度，對(dui)新能源(yuan)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)加強事(shi)前(qian)事(shi)中(zhong)事(shi)后全(quan)(quan)鏈條全(quan)(quan)領(ling)域監管(guan)；推進(jin)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)承諾(nuo)(nuo)制(zhi)(zhi)；推動(dong)風(feng)(feng)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)由核(he)(he)準制(zhi)(zhi)調整為備案(an)制(zhi)(zhi)。推行(xing)“承諾(nuo)(nuo)制(zhi)(zhi)”，減少事(shi)前(qian)審(shen)批(pi)，強化(hua)(hua)事(shi)后監管(guan)約(yue)束和過(guo)程(cheng)服務，能夠(gou)推動(dong)有(you)效市場和有(you)為政府更好結合(he)，讓企(qi)業(ye)經營(ying)更自主(zhu)、反應更靈敏(min)、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)更順暢。政府部門(men)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)準入負面清單(dan)和企(qi)業(ye)承諾(nuo)(nuo)事(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)清單(dan)，企(qi)業(ye)按標準作出承諾(nuo)(nuo)后，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)自主(zhu)開展項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設計、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工建設和運營(ying)。近(jin)年來，企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)承諾(nuo)(nuo)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些地區先行(xing)試點，力(li)(li)求用“一(yi)(yi)(yi)份(fen)承諾(nuo)(nuo)”取代(dai)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)摞(luo)審(shen)批(pi)”，既可(ke)(ke)以充分發揮市場在(zai)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)配置中(zhong)的(de)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)作用，又能更好發揮政府作用。如(ru)果事(shi)前(qian)審(shen)批(pi)環(huan)節過(guo)多、管(guan)得(de)(de)過(guo)嚴，往往會束縛(fu)企(qi)業(ye)手腳、抑制(zhi)(zhi)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)活力(li)(li)。當(dang)然簡(jian)政放權(quan)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)，就(jiu)是“放”的(de)同時(shi)，在(zai)事(shi)中(zhong)事(shi)后環(huan)節管(guan)得(de)(de)住、管(guan)得(de)(de)好，要(yao)把有(you)效監管(guan)作為簡(jian)政放權(quan)的(de)必要(yao)保障。推動(dong)風(feng)(feng)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)由核(he)(he)準制(zhi)(zhi)調整為備案(an)制(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)利(li)于進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)簡(jian)化(hua)(hua)風(feng)(feng)電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)審(shen)批(pi)流(liu)程(cheng)，提(ti)高項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開發前(qian)期(qi)工作效率。

案例3-1提高項目(mu)審批(pi)效(xiao)率支持新能(neng)源項目(mu)發展(zhan)

內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)于(yu)2022年7月(yue)19日印發(fa)(fa)了《內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)源網荷儲一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)則（2022年版(ban)）》、《內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)燃(ran)煤(mei)自(zi)備電廠可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源替代工(gong)程實(shi)施(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)則（2022年版(ban)）》、《內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)風光(guang)制(zhi)氫一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)示范項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)細(xi)(xi)則（2022年版(ban)）》的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)。根(gen)據(ju)上述文件要求(qiu)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)每年定期統一(yi)(yi)組織(zhi)申報(bao)，同(tong)時可根(gen)據(ju)需要，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)個別申報(bao)。根(gen)據(ju)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)投資人(ren)申請，盟市能(neng)(neng)源主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門組織(zhi)編制(zhi)本(ben)地區(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)方案，報(bao)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)。自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)會(hui)同(tong)相關部(bu)門、電網企業及時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)，必(bi)要時組織(zhi)或委托第三方咨詢機構進(jin)行(xing)(xing)評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)，提出評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)。自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)將評(ping)(ping)(ping)估(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)報(bao)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)人(ren)民政府審定同(tong)意后批(pi)復實(shi)施(shi)(shi)方案。盟市能(neng)(neng)源主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門承(cheng)擔(dan)組織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)責任，根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)批(pi)復的(de)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)方案，及時核準（備案）新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源、儲能(neng)(neng)和線路工(gong)程。內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)出臺的(de)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)作為整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)統一(yi)(yi)辦理審批(pi)政策，可大大縮(suo)短綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)審批(pi)時間，有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)孵化(hua)新(xin)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展模(mo)式。

主要政(zheng)策點2：不(bu)得以任(ren)何名義增加新能(neng)源企業的不(bu)合(he)理投資成(cheng)本

新能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)具備開(kai)(kai)發建(jian)設周期(qi)短，運營期(qi)用工(gong)量少，運行前幾(ji)年應繳稅收(shou)低，場(chang)址資(zi)源(yuan)稀缺等特點(dian)，盡管是清潔(jie)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)，從地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政府的(de)(de)角度來看(kan)，對(dui)(dui)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)就(jiu)業、稅收(shou)、產(chan)業等帶動(dong)力度有限。在新能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)發過程(cheng)中，很多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政府對(dui)(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)資(zi)提(ti)出了(le)各種各樣的(de)(de)附帶條(tiao)件，包括拉動(dong)裝備制(zhi)造業在當地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)廠、投(tou)資(zi)修路、捐助幫扶、與地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)企業合作等，嚴重推(tui)高(gao)了(le)新能(neng)源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)非技術成本。

風光等新(xin)能源(yuan)已步入(ru)平(ping)價時代，制造業、EPC、運維等各環(huan)節的成本越發(fa)透明，全產業鏈的收(shou)益水平(ping)也逐步趨微。《實施方(fang)案(an)》要求“不(bu)得以任何名義增加新(xin)能源(yuan)企業的不(bu)合理(li)(li)投資或成本”，即除國(guo)家法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規規定(ding)的費(fei)用(yong)外，各級(ji)地方(fang)政府不(bu)得另行(xing)設立(li)名目收(shou)取費(fei)用(yong)，也不(bu)得強制企業以捐(juan)贈等名義收(shou)取費(fei)用(yong)，這將(jiang)推動開發(fa)建設環(huan)節的成本回歸理(li)(li)性。

案例3-2名目多、不合理(li)的非技術成本有礙新能源開(kai)發

2021年以(yi)來，包括(kuo)云南、湖北、貴(gui)州、寧夏、安徽等省(sheng)份(fen)對(dui)新能源項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)均提出了產業配(pei)套的(de)要求，企(qi)業開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本(ben)大(da)幅增加。南方某(mou)縣政府以(yi)資(zi)源指標印發(fa)(fa)為由(you)，要求9萬(wan)(wan)千瓦項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)風(feng)電開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)企(qi)業無償給(gei)予鎮政府2000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)扶貧資(zi)金，增加開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本(ben)0.18元(yuan)(yuan)/瓦。西北某(mou)縣政府以(yi)征地協調為由(you)，要求10萬(wan)(wan)千瓦項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)風(feng)電開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)企(qi)業無償修建6千米(mi)旅游(you)道路(lu)，增加開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)成(cheng)本(ben)0.2元(yuan)(yuan)/瓦。

案例3-3加強新(xin)能(neng)源并(bing)網(wang)(wang)服務支撐力量(liang)，打造新(xin)能(neng)源管理信息(xi)系統(tong)，新(xin)能(neng)源并(bing)網(wang)(wang)業務實現“一(yi)網(wang)(wang)通(tong)辦”

南(nan)方電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司各(ge)省（級）電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司設置(zhi)了省級新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機構(gou)，提升新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)支撐力(li)量。建成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)南(nan)方五(wu)省區(qu)的新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)信(xin)息系統，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目(mu)業(ye)主通過“南(nan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)在線”APP錄入項(xiang)目(mu)名稱、類(lei)型、地點(dian)等基本(ben)信(xin)息，短時(shi)間(jian)內可完成(cheng)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)申請，大幅壓(ya)縮(suo)線下流轉的各(ge)項(xiang)環節。同(tong)時(shi)，可在線查詢(xun)辦理(li)(li)進(jin)度、狀態等各(ge)項(xiang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)信(xin)息，實現新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)上辦、掌上辦、業(ye)主一次都不跑，大大提升客戶體(ti)驗(yan)。

主(zhu)要(yao)政策點3：以(yi)新能源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的多能互補、源(yuan)網(wang)荷儲、微電(dian)網(wang)等綜合能源(yuan)項目，可作為(wei)整體(ti)統一(yi)辦(ban)理核準（備案）手續(xu)。

目(mu)前大(da)部分(fen)省份(fen)對(dui)于(yu)多能(neng)(neng)互補(bu)(bu)類的(de)新能(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)核(he)(he)準（備案）流程按照(zhao)多個項(xiang)目(mu)分(fen)別(bie)核(he)(he)準（備案）。例如風光互補(bu)(bu)項(xiang)目(mu)，風電核(he)(he)準和光伏備案都要獨立開展工作(zuo)。風光儲綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)，在現有的(de)投資和運維水平、政策環境(jing)下，采用各部分(fen)單(dan)獨核(he)(he)算(suan)模式，常常會(hui)出(chu)現至少(shao)其中一部分(fen)難(nan)以通過企(qi)業對(dui)經濟效(xiao)益的(de)核(he)(he)算(suan)要求的(de)情況(kuang)。各部分(fen)單(dan)獨核(he)(he)準（備案），大(da)大(da)降低了(le)項(xiang)目(mu)開發(fa)前期(qi)工作(zuo)效(xiao)率，增加了(le)管理成本。

推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)多能(neng)(neng)互補、源(yuan)(yuan)網荷(he)儲、微電(dian)網等綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)作(zuo)為整體項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)統一辦理(li)，可大大縮(suo)短(duan)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)審批時長，有助(zhu)于孵化(hua)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)發展模(mo)式。通過企業(ye)投資項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承諾制，可以督(du)促企業(ye)進一步加強對項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)事前評估與過程(cheng)控制，推動(dong)(dong)企業(ye)探索綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)智慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)持續健康發展的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)模(mo)式，加快新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占比逐(zhu)漸(jian)提高的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型電(dian)力系(xi)統構建進程(cheng)。

2021年2月(yue)，國家發(fa)展改(gai)革委(wei)、國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局頒(ban)布了(le)《關于(yu)推進電力(li)源網(wang)荷儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化和多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)發(fa)展的指導意見》（發(fa)改(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源規(gui)〔2021〕280號）；2021年4月(yue)，國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局印發(fa)了(le)《關于(yu)報送“十四(si)五”電力(li)源網(wang)荷儲(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化和多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)發(fa)展工(gong)作方案的通知》。兩個文件提(ti)出“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化聚(ju)合(he)模式”、“規(gui)劃、實施(shi)、運(yun)行調節和管理規(gui)范(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化”，明確(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化項(xiang)目應就近打捆匯集聚(ju)合(he)，既要力(li)爭(zheng)與大電網(wang)形成相對(dui)清(qing)晰的物理和調控界(jie)面(mian)，也要努力(li)在規(gui)劃、建設、運(yun)行各個階段實現統籌管理，充(chong)分突出了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化項(xiang)目特點，厘清(qing)了(le)與常(chang)規(gui)項(xiang)目的根本差異。

《關于推(tui)(tui)進(jin)電力(li)(li)源網荷儲(chu)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)和多能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補發展的指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》明確：按照“試點先行，逐步推(tui)(tui)廣”原則，通過(guo)國(guo)家電力(li)(li)發展規(gui)劃(hua)編制、年度微調、中期(qi)滾動調整(zheng)，將具備條(tiao)件的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)優先納入國(guo)家電力(li)(li)發展規(gui)劃(hua)。各投資主體(ti)應加(jia)強源網荷儲(chu)統籌(chou)協調，積極參(can)與相(xiang)關規(gui)劃(hua)研究，共(gong)同推(tui)(tui)進(jin)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)前期(qi)工作，實(shi)(shi)現規(gui)劃(hua)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)；協調各電力(li)(li)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設進(jin)度，確保同步建(jian)(jian)設、同期(qi)投運，推(tui)(tui)動建(jian)(jian)設實(shi)(shi)施(shi)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)。源網荷儲(chu)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)和多能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中的新能(neng)(neng)源發電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)應落實(shi)(shi)國(guo)家可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源發電項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理政策，在國(guo)家和地方(fang)可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源規(gui)劃(hua)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)方(fang)案中統籌(chou)安排；鼓勵(li)具備條(tiao)件地區統一(yi)組織(zhi)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)相(xiang)關項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設，支持(chi)參(can)與跨(kua)省區電力(li)(li)市(shi)場化(hua)交(jiao)易、增(zeng)量配電改革及分布式發電市(shi)場化(hua)交(jiao)易。

案例3-4提高(gao)項(xiang)目審批效率支(zhi)持新能源項(xiang)目發展

2022年(nian)7月22日，江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)2022年(nian)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)并網(wang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)第(di)三批名單(dan)(dan)已(yi)公(gong)布，6個光(guang)(guang)伏項目(mu)(mu)(mu)入選，規模82萬(wan)千瓦，其中1項是位(wei)于(yu)淮安市(shi)洪(hong)澤區(qu)的綜(zong)合(he)智慧(hui)產業(ye)融合(he)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)。江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革委明確，針對項目(mu)(mu)(mu)申報(bao)優化(hua)(hua)流程，采(cai)取(qu)“隨(sui)(sui)到隨(sui)(sui)過(guo)、分批公(gong)布”的方式，一旦項目(mu)(mu)(mu)具備條件，及時納入實施庫管理，并采(cai)取(qu)短信形(xing)式通知項目(mu)(mu)(mu)聯系人，分批集中公(gong)布。各(ge)設(she)區(qu)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革委督促(cu)指(zhi)導項目(mu)(mu)(mu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)加快開展(zhan)(zhan)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)前期工(gong)作，在依法合(he)規前提(ti)下盡快開工(gong)建設(she)。綜(zong)合(he)智慧(hui)能源項目(mu)(mu)(mu)的備案和納入省(sheng)(sheng)能源局(ju)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)并網(wang)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)清單(dan)(dan)，標志著政府行政審(shen)(shen)批部門正(zheng)在積極(ji)順應市(shi)場，逐步由單(dan)(dan)一的光(guang)(guang)伏、風電項目(mu)(mu)(mu)審(shen)(shen)批向綜(zong)合(he)智慧(hui)能源轉變，進(jin)一步提(ti)高項目(mu)(mu)(mu)審(shen)(shen)批效(xiao)率。

（十(shi)）優化(hua)新(xin)能源(yuan)項(xiang)目接網流程(cheng)

主要政策點1：地方(fang)(fang)能源主管部門、電網企業要結合(he)新能源項目(mu)發展需要，及時優化電網規劃建(jian)設方(fang)(fang)案和(he)投資計(ji)劃安排。

新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)核準(zhun)（備案）權限下(xia)放后(hou)，從國家規劃到省(sheng)級(ji)規劃，再(zai)落到具體(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)核準(zhun)（備案）仍需(xu)一個較長的(de)(de)動態周(zhou)期(qi)。地(di)方政府新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)規劃通常只有規模，沒有明確具體(ti)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，沒有配套(tao)電(dian)網(wang)方案。新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)批(pi)(pi)復后(hou)，才開展(zhan)電(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入方案研究，電(dian)源(yuan)點的(de)(de)建設周(zhou)期(qi)較短，但送出(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建設仍需(xu)按照單獨的(de)(de)核準(zhun)審批(pi)(pi)流程(cheng)執(zhi)行，且(qie)要納(na)入當地(di)省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)年(nian)度投資(zi)計劃，往往出(chu)現電(dian)源(yuan)主體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)與送出(chu)線路工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度不匹配的(de)(de)情況。

《實施方案(an)》要求地(di)方能(neng)(neng)(neng)源主管(guan)部門、電(dian)網企業要結合新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)需(xu)要，及時優化電(dian)網規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設方案(an)和(he)投資(zi)計劃(hua)安排，就是要求加(jia)強頂層(ceng)設計和(he)統籌，將新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源規(gui)劃(hua)目(mu)標科學分配到各年(nian)度，提(ti)前做好(hao)投資(zi)計劃(hua)安排，并持續(xu)優化投資(zi)計劃(hua)調整程序(xu)，使得新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)送出線(xian)路既能(neng)(neng)(neng)符合總體規(gui)劃(hua)，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足在時間(jian)進度上的建(jian)設或調整要求，與(yu)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設“同頻共(gong)振”，協同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

案(an)例3-5江蘇省(sheng)為新能源并(bing)網優化電(dian)網投資安排

國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)充分(fen)利用(yong)國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)平臺，建立了(le)集中式(shi)光伏發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目接網(wang)“綠色通道”。在(zai)2021年(nian)4月新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)平臺上(shang)線開放(fang)后，江蘇(su)集中式(shi)光伏發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目投資建設(she)企業在(zai)規定(ding)時間內(nei)完成(cheng)了(le)平臺所(suo)需內(nei)容填(tian)報和(he)支撐性材(cai)料提交(jiao)。在(zai)系(xi)統關閉(bi)后，江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)主管部門(men)與國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)江蘇(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)共(gong)同(tong)評審，根據新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)年(nian)度(du)計劃(hua)(hua)和(he)各項(xiang)(xiang)目實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況，將所(suo)報項(xiang)(xiang)目分(fen)別列入(ru)年(nian)度(du)計劃(hua)(hua)建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目清(qing)單(dan)、年(nian)度(du)儲備建設(she)項(xiang)(xiang)目清(qing)單(dan)、不(bu)過審項(xiang)(xiang)目清(qing)單(dan)。這(zhe)一工作(zuo)機制優化了(le)調研和(he)審核流程(cheng)(cheng)，大大縮減了(le)工作(zuo)量，由之前的(de)單(dan)個批復改(gai)為批量批復，項(xiang)(xiang)目批復平均(jun)時長縮短至2個月，在(zai)符合(he)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設(she)總(zong)體規劃(hua)(hua)前提下(xia)，在(zai)提升效率的(de)同(tong)時，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)光伏發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目建設(she)時序優化，項(xiang)(xiang)目和(he)接網(wang)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)協同(tong)。

主(zhu)要政策(ce)點2：推動電網企業(ye)建(jian)立新能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)接(jie)(jie)網一站式服(fu)務平臺，提供新能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)可用接(jie)(jie)入點、可接(jie)(jie)入容量(liang)、技術規(gui)范等信息，實(shi)現新能(neng)源項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)接(jie)(jie)網全流程線上辦理，大幅壓(ya)縮接(jie)(jie)網時間(jian)。

2021年5月，國(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源局發(fa)布《關于2021年風(feng)電、光伏(fu)發(fa)電開發(fa)建設有(you)(you)關事項的通知》(國(guo)(guo)能(neng)發(fa)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)〔2021〕25號)，要求(qiu)“電網(wang)企業要簡化(hua)接網(wang)流(liu)程、方便接網(wang)手續辦理(li)，推廣(guang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源云平臺，實現全國(guo)(guo)全覆(fu)蓋，服務新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的新(xin)(xin)型電力系統。要加(jia)強接網(wang)工程建設，確保納(na)入年度開發(fa)建設方案(an)的保障(zhang)性并(bing)網(wang)和(he)市場化(hua)并(bing)網(wang)項目“能(neng)并(bing)盡并(bing)”，不(bu)得附(fu)加(jia)額外條件。要會同(tong)全國(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源消(xiao)納(na)監測預警中心及時公布各省(sheng)級區域并(bing)網(wang)消(xiao)納(na)情況及預測分析，引導理(li)性投資(zi)、有(you)(you)序(xu)建設”。

2021年9月，國家能(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)印發(fa)《電(dian)(dian)網公(gong)平開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)監管辦(ban)法(fa)》（國能(neng)發(fa)監管規(gui)〔2021〕49號），進一步(bu)規(gui)范(fan)電(dian)(dian)網公(gong)平開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)行為，加強電(dian)(dian)網公(gong)平開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)監管。對于電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入，一是規(gui)范(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)程。明確(que)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)分為并網意向書(shu)受理(li)與回復，接(jie)入系統設(she)計(ji)，接(jie)入系統設(she)計(ji)方案(an)受理(li)、研究(jiu)與回復，接(jie)網協議(yi)簽訂(ding)等(deng)(deng)環節。二是明確(que)辦(ban)理(li)時限(xian)。辦(ban)理(li)時限(xian)與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類(lei)型、電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級直(zhi)接(jie)相關(guan)，接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)(deng)級越高，辦(ban)理(li)時限(xian)相對越長。三是加強信(xin)息公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。要求電(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業建立相關(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)度，明確(que)提供服務的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)部門(men)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)程、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時限(xian)，通過門(men)戶網站等(deng)(deng)方式每月公(gong)布接(jie)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展情況(kuang)。

《實施方案(an)》要求電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企業建(jian)立(li)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目一(yi)(yi)站(zhan)式服務平臺，優化完善新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)標(biao)準；同時推(tui)廣新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)線上辦理(li)平臺應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)業務全流(liu)程線上辦理(li)，力(li)爭實現(xian)一(yi)(yi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)通辦、開(kai)放透明、接(jie)(jie)(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)申請“一(yi)(yi)次也(ye)不(bu)跑(pao)”。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)舉(ju)措一(yi)(yi)是規(gui)范了并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)流(liu)程信息公開(kai)，提(ti)供并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)標(biao)準化流(liu)程指導，提(ti)供并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)手續(xu)（并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)經濟協議(yi)、并(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調(diao)度協議(yi)、簽訂購售(shou)電(dian)合同等）一(yi)(yi)站(zhan)式上報、查閱平臺，避(bi)免重(zhong)復提(ti)報相(xiang)關信息，實現(xian)一(yi)(yi)站(zhan)式服務。二是公開(kai)經營區域內可接(jie)(jie)(jie)納新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)的容量信息，便于發電(dian)企業及時掌握(wo)相(xiang)關動態，為項(xiang)目選址提(ti)供科學依據。三是從頂(ding)層設計解決電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃與地(di)方能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中長期(qi)規(gui)劃及年度建(jian)設方案(an)的銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)問題，同時保障(zhang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目的有(you)效消(xiao)納，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)力(li)系統對大規(gui)模高(gao)比例新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、消(xiao)納的適應(ying)(ying)性。

案例3-6國家電網公司(si)福建公司(si)優化分布式電源并網流程

國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)司福建(jian)電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)司于(yu)2022年6月印(yin)發了《國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)司福建(jian)電(dian)(dian)力關(guan)于(yu)做(zuo)好(hao)中低(di)壓(ya)(ya)分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源接(jie)入(ru)(ru)系統優質服務(wu)指導意見》，優化了新能源的并網(wang)(wang)流程，對(dui)于(yu)分布(bu)式(shi)光伏(fu)系統接(jie)入(ru)(ru)，根據分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源自(zi)身利用(yong)(yong)(yong)不同(tong)情況，差異化考慮接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級；對(dui)于(yu)直接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)源以自(zi)發自(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、余(yu)量(liang)上(shang)網(wang)(wang)為主的，接(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級應結合用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)內部(bu)自(zi)有專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)變等(deng)建(jian)設情況，允(yun)許采用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)。

主要(yao)政策點3：接網及送出(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)則上由電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)投資建(jian)設(she)(she)，電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)改進完善內(nei)部審批流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，合理安排(pai)建(jian)設(she)(she)時序，確保送出(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與電(dian)源建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)進度相匹(pi)配；由發電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)新能源接網及送出(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，電(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)可在雙(shuang)方協商同(tong)意后依法(fa)依規回(hui)購。

新能源(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設一(yi)直是制約項目(mu)(mu)(mu)投(tou)產(chan)的重要因素之一(yi)。一(yi)方(fang)面，國(guo)家發展改革(ge)委(wei)原(yuan)則要求電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司是送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的建(jian)設主(zhu)體，同時允許(xu)發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)投(tou)資(zi)建(jian)設配(pei)套送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，緩(huan)解新能源(yuan)快速(su)發展并(bing)網(wang)消納壓力。另一(yi)方(fang)面，受源(yuan)網(wang)規劃(hua)(hua)不協調(diao)的影(ying)響(xiang)，部分送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)未(wei)與新能源(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)同步納入投(tou)資(zi)規劃(hua)(hua)。新能源(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)開發企業(ye)(ye)為了確保投(tou)產(chan)進度(du)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)，爭取當年電(dian)(dian)價補(bu)貼政策，大(da)多數會主(zhu)動提(ti)出或(huo)與電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司協商自建(jian)送(song)(song)(song)出線路，建(jian)成后(hou)由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司回購(gou)。現實的困難(nan)在(zai)于：若發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)承諾送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)自建(jian)，很多地(di)方(fang)政府在(zai)辦理(li)送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)核準(zhun)時，并(bing)不認可發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)能夠(gou)作為送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)單位，協調(diao)難(nan)度(du)很大(da)。同時，部分發電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)的送(song)(song)(song)出工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)可能存在(zai)未(wei)核先建(jian)、手(shou)續(xu)不全等合規性問(wen)題，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)回購(gou)。

《實施方(fang)(fang)案》明確(que)，接網(wang)(wang)及送出工(gong)程原則上由電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)投資建(jian)設(she)，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)要改進完善(shan)內(nei)部審批流(liu)程，合理安(an)排建(jian)設(she)時序，確(que)保送出工(gong)程與(yu)電(dian)源建(jian)設(she)的進度相(xiang)匹(pi)配(pei)；由發電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)建(jian)設(she)的新能源接網(wang)(wang)及送出工(gong)程，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)可(ke)在雙方(fang)(fang)協商同意后依(yi)法依(yi)規回(hui)購。核心是從電(dian)力規劃的源頭解(jie)決送出工(gong)程與(yu)電(dian)源建(jian)設(she)的匹(pi)配(pei)問(wen)題。若電(dian)網(wang)(wang)和發電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)協商一致(zhi)，送出工(gong)程由發電(dian)企業(ye)(ye)代建(jian)的，電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司(si)應(ying)根(gen)據約(yue)定要求盡(jin)快(kuai)完成收購。

國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局于2021年7月5日發(fa)布《做好新(xin)能(neng)源配套送(song)出工程投(tou)資(zi)建設(she)有關事項(xiang)的(de)通知》提出，對電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)有困難(nan)或規劃建設(she)時序不匹配的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源配套送(song)出工程，允許發(fa)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)投(tou)資(zi)建設(she)，緩解新(xin)能(neng)源快(kuai)速發(fa)展并網(wang)消納壓力。發(fa)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)配套送(song)出工程應充分進行論證，并完(wan)全自愿，可(ke)以(yi)多家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)聯合建設(she)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)一家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)，多家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)共享。發(fa)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源配套工程，經電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與發(fa)電(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)雙方協商同意(yi)，可(ke)在適(shi)當時機(ji)由電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)法依(yi)規進行回購。

案例3-7國家電網統籌(chou)做好(hao)投資(zi)規劃(hua)和建設，保障新能源并網

2021年(nian)國家電網(wang)(wang)公司750千伏及(ji)以下新能(neng)源(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)和輸送(song)工程(cheng)總投資達到(dao)120億(yi)元(yuan)，全力開展保障性并網(wang)(wang)新能(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)的接(jie)網(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)建(jian)設，積(ji)極(ji)服務市場(chang)化并網(wang)(wang)新能(neng)源(yuan)項目(mu)建(jian)設。

國家電網公司遼寧電力提出(chu)打造(zao)(zao)“無約束(shu)新能源接入和無約束(shu)業擴(kuo)報裝”的遼寧電網。規劃(hua)建設輸送工(gong)程55項，新增線路長度2300千(qian)米，總投資約70億元，選取(qu)14個(ge)試(shi)點(dian)區(qu)域率(lv)先打造(zao)(zao)“無約束(shu)擴(kuo)報裝”目(mu)標網架片(pian)區(qu)，拓展新能源消納空間。

國家(jia)電網公司(si)浙(zhe)江超前謀劃(hua)和(he)安排(pai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)套(tao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)前期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)，在年度計(ji)劃(hua)中優先安排(pai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)套(tao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，按(an)照(zhao)“三個不(bu)變”（目(mu)(mu)標不(bu)變、計(ji)劃(hua)不(bu)變、底線不(bu)變）要(yao)求，逐段(duan)編制項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)施工(gong)計(ji)劃(hua)，專員(yuan)駐廠調配(pei)工(gong)程(cheng)物資，加大施工(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)、工(gong)程(cheng)機械物資等投入，實現新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)按(an)時送(song)出。

案例3-8山(shan)東能(neng)監辦推動可再生能(neng)源發電項目(mu)接網工程回購

2021年(nian)11月(yue)，為進(jin)一步促進(jin)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，減輕可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電項目負擔，按(an)照國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源局有關要求，山東能(neng)(neng)源監管辦持續(xu)加強可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源接網工程回購(gou)監管工作。

監管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，山東能(neng)源(yuan)監管(guan)辦加強與國家能(neng)源(yuan)局、省有(you)(you)關部(bu)門(men)的溝(gou)通，按照《關于(yu)做好(hao)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)配套(tao)送出(chu)工(gong)程投(tou)資建設有(you)(you)關事項(xiang)(xiang)的通知》（發(fa)改辦運行〔2021〕445號）文件(jian)，提(ti)出(chu)具體工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)要(yao)求。在多次(ci)組織新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業召(zhao)開工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)推進(jin)會議的基礎上，持續加大督導溝(gou)通力度(du)，定期(qi)調(diao)度(du)進(jin)度(du)，結合清潔能(neng)源(yuan)消納綜(zong)合監管(guan)，推動工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)落(luo)實。指導電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業對省內(nei)存量新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目接網(wang)工(gong)程進(jin)行3輪摸底梳理分析，督促電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業制(zhi)定接網(wang)工(gong)程回(hui)購工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)案，明確回(hui)購條件(jian)、部(bu)門(men)職責和(he)流程時限，對已符合條件(jian)的項(xiang)(xiang)目逐一(yi)制(zhi)定回(hui)購計(ji)劃。

（十一(yi)）健全新能源相關公共服務體系

主(zhu)要(yao)政策點1：開展全國新能源資(zi)(zi)源勘查與評價，建(jian)立可開發(fa)資(zi)(zi)源數據庫(ku)，形(xing)成(cheng)縣級以上(shang)行政區域內各類新能源資(zi)(zi)源詳(xiang)查評價成(cheng)果(guo)和圖譜并向社(she)會發(fa)布。建(jian)立測(ce)風塔(ta)及測(ce)風數據共享機制。

新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)勘(kan)察和(he)(he)評價(jia)是對(dui)產業至(zhi)關重要(yao)的公(gong)共(gong)服務，對(dui)于(yu)國家和(he)(he)地方主管(guan)部(bu)(bu)門科學編制產業發展(zhan)(zhan)規劃具有重大的指導(dao)意義。政府建立(li)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目審(shen)批政務公(gong)開平(ping)臺，組(zu)織開展(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)勘(kan)查與評價(jia)，并牽(qian)頭打(da)通國土(tu)、林草、環保等(deng)部(bu)(bu)門的信息數(shu)(shu)據，建立(li)可開發資源(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)(shu)據庫，形成(cheng)縣級以(yi)上行政區(qu)域(yu)內各類(lei)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)詳(xiang)查評價(jia)成(cheng)果和(he)(he)圖譜并向社(she)會發布，有利于(yu)企(qi)業一(yi)站式完成(cheng)選址或場址復核，無需(xu)企(qi)業多次跑(pao)(pao)、多頭跑(pao)(pao)，可大大縮(suo)短(duan)項(xiang)目前期(qi)工作時間，提(ti)高項(xiang)目審(shen)批效(xiao)率。

2022年(nian)4月，國(guo)務院印發(fa)《氣(qi)象(xiang)高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)綱要(yao)（2022-2035年(nian)）》指出，探索建設(she)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)等氣(qi)象(xiang)服務基地(di)(di)，為(wei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站等規劃、建設(she)、運行、調度(du)提供(gong)高質量(liang)(liang)氣(qi)象(xiang)服務。該(gai)文件明確提出強化(hua)氣(qi)候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)合理開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)，包括：加(jia)(jia)強氣(qi)候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查和規劃利(li)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)作，建立風(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)等氣(qi)候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)普(pu)查、區劃、監(jian)測和信息統(tong)一(yi)發(fa)布(bu)制度(du)，研(yan)究加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)相關監(jian)測網(wang)(wang)建設(she)；開展(zhan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)量(liang)(liang)評估(gu)(gu)，對全(quan)(quan)國(guo)可(ke)利(li)用(yong)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進行全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)勘查評價；研(yan)究建設(she)氣(qi)候(hou)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)測和預報系統(tong)，提高風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率預測精度(du)。目前，融合了大數(shu)據、物聯網(wang)(wang)、人工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)、云(yun)計算等互聯網(wang)(wang)技術的(de)大型能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)業軟(ruan)件平臺，已經全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)應(ying)用(yong)于風(feng)(feng)(feng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)評估(gu)(gu)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場設(she)計、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力氣(qi)象(xiang)預報和風(feng)(feng)(feng)場智能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制，可(ke)以實現(xian)全(quan)(quan)球風(feng)(feng)(feng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)圖(tu)譜、全(quan)(quan)球平準化(hua)度(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本分(fen)析、全(quan)(quan)國(guo)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)配(pei)網(wang)(wang)策略、風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場微觀選址等20項(xiang)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，可(ke)為(wei)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業提供(gong)覆蓋項(xiang)目全(quan)(quan)生命周期(qi)的(de)智慧化(hua)專業服務。根據《實施方案》要(yao)求，下一(yi)步國(guo)土、林(lin)地(di)(di)等相關部門應(ying)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)出臺有關配(pei)套政策，協同打通(tong)國(guo)土空間規劃“一(yi)張圖(tu)”，不斷健全(quan)(quan)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相關公共服務體系。

案(an)例(li)3-9建立測風塔及測風數據共享機制支持(chi)新能源(yuan)項目發展

山(shan)東(dong)省煙臺市萊州市位于山(shan)東(dong)省東(dong)北部(bu)，煙臺市西(xi)部(bu)，西(xi)臨渤海萊州灣，屬暖溫帶季風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)大陸性氣(qi)候，具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)資(zi)源條件(jian)，因此吸(xi)引了大唐、中廣核、三峽新能源等多(duo)家(jia)(jia)公(gong)司(si)在此開(kai)展風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電項目建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，出現在很小(xiao)的(de)(de)區域范圍內就有(you)幾家(jia)(jia)不(bu)同發電企(qi)業風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電場(chang)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)。因為目前(qian)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)塔及測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)數據還未(wei)實現共享，導致(zhi)各(ge)家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業在開(kai)展各(ge)自(zi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)中，都需(xu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)設各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)塔以及測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)數據的(de)(de)分析，造成了人(ren)力(li)、物力(li)、財(cai)力(li)的(de)(de)浪(lang)費。如果建(jian)(jian)(jian)立測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)塔及測(ce)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)數據共享機(ji)制，有(you)利(li)于企(qi)業一(yi)站式完成選址(zhi)或場(chang)址(zhi)復核，無(wu)需(xu)企(qi)業多(duo)次跑、多(duo)頭跑，可(ke)大大縮(suo)短項目前(qian)期工作(zuo)時間，提高項目推進效率。

主要政策點2：完善(shan)新能源產業防災(zai)減災(zai)綜合(he)服務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系。加快(kuai)推動新能源裝備標(biao)準和檢測認證等公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系建(jian)設，支(zhi)持(chi)建(jian)設國家(jia)新能源裝備質量公(gong)告平臺(tai)和關鍵產品公(gong)共檢測平臺(tai)。

建立健全標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，是推動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)重要保障之一。我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)基本(ben)形成了(le)以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為核心、行業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為配(pei)套支撐的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。以風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)為例，已(yi)發(fa)(fa)布實(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)超過130項(xiang)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)項(xiang)目涉及(ji)陸上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)及(ji)海上風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)整機、零(ling)部(bu)件、風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場、檢測認(ren)證(zheng)、運行維(wei)護等。同時，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內機構還積極牽頭和參與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)制定，并推動國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)認(ren)證(zheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)（IECRE）的(de)(de)(de)合(he)格(ge)評定互認(ren)機制。然而，在(zai)(zai)產業(ye)(ye)保持(chi)快速發(fa)(fa)展、技術能(neng)(neng)(neng)力不斷取得突破的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建設仍存在(zai)(zai)不足(zu)。突出問(wen)題是標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制（修(xiu)）訂(ding)進(jin)度相對(dui)滯后。比如，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)期(qi)制訂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)已(yi)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)產業(ye)(ye)目前的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展需(xu)要，部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)經轉化(hua)后又無法完全適(shi)用于(yu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)況環境，導致標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)制定與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)(fa)展之間存在(zai)(zai)脫節(jie)。對(dui)此，除(chu)了(le)繼(ji)續關注先(xian)進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)并進(jin)行轉化(hua)外，還需(xu)要加大(da)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)實(shi)施(shi)以及(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)工(gong)作人員培訓的(de)(de)(de)力度；重點圍繞新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)技術創(chuang)新(xin)迭代、新(xin)材料引入(ru)、新(xin)工(gong)藝應用、新(xin)領(ling)域(yu)開拓(tuo)等，進(jin)一步完善標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。

檢測(ce)(ce)認(ren)(ren)證公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體系(xi)，是開(kai)展新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要(yao)支撐。關(guan)鍵共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為某一(yi)領域技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)發(fa)展或(huo)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開(kai)發(fa)提供支撐，是整(zheng)(zheng)個產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)步和創新的(de)(de)基礎(chu)，對提升(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)水(shui)平(ping)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)質量(liang)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)率具有很強的(de)(de)帶(dai)動作(zuo)用(yong)。經過多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)努(nu)力(li)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已建(jian)(jian)成國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家海上風電(dian)裝備質量(liang)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢測(ce)(ce)中心(xin)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級檢測(ce)(ce)認(ren)(ren)證公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)，對加(jia)速(su)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步起到(dao)了(le)很好(hao)的(de)(de)促進(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)。然(ran)而(er)，整(zheng)(zheng)體來看(kan)，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)檢測(ce)(ce)認(ren)(ren)證公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)體系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)較為緩慢，無法滿足產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)高速(su)發(fa)展需要(yao)。而(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外相關(guan)機構早已在積極推(tui)進(jin)(jin)相關(guan)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，如風電(dian)機組(zu)平(ping)臺(tai)方面(mian)，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)了(le)百米級風電(dian)葉(xie)片(pian)全尺寸實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺(tai)，德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)弗勞(lao)恩(en)霍(huo)夫風能(neng)(neng)研(yan)究建(jian)(jian)設(she)了(le)可以測(ce)(ce)試(shi)20兆(zhao)瓦(wa)風電(dian)機組(zu)與電(dian)網兼容性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)平(ping)臺(tai)，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)孵化中心(xin)（ORE Catapult）建(jian)(jian)設(she)了(le)15兆(zhao)瓦(wa)風電(dian)機組(zu)傳動鏈測(ce)(ce)試(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)，而(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內尚處于(yu)起步階段，多(duo)(duo)數(shu)關(guan)鍵環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新仍缺少能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)適應(ying)未(wei)來產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的(de)(de)公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)基礎(chu)設(she)施的(de)(de)支持。對此，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家相關(guan)主管部門(men)應(ying)加(jia)快公共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，可由第三(san)方機構牽(qian)頭，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同參與，以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家投資(zi)為主、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集資(zi)為輔的(de)(de)方式，建(jian)(jian)設(she)起風機傳動系(xi)統、葉(xie)片(pian)、軸承等研(yan)發(fa)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)臺(tai)。

案例3-10我國建成國家級海上風電裝備檢驗檢測(ce)公共服務平(ping)臺

2021年(nian)1月，位(wei)于廣東省陽江市的國(guo)(guo)家海(hai)上風電裝備(bei)質(zhi)量檢驗檢測中(zhong)心獲(huo)得國(guo)(guo)家級資質(zhi)并正式投入(ru)運營，承擔(dan)了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)海(hai)上風電關鍵(jian)部件的測試研發(fa)工作，在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源產業發(fa)展中(zhong)發(fa)揮了重要(yao)作用(yong)。

國家(jia)海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電裝備質量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)中心是經(jing)國家(jia)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)認(ren)可(ke)監(jian)督管理(li)委員會批(pi)準(zhun)，鑒衡認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)中心投資建(jian)設運營的國家(jia)級海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電裝備公共檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)與技術服務(wu)平臺，也是我(wo)國目前唯一(yi)一(yi)個國家(jia)級海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電裝備檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)公共服務(wu)平臺。該中心計劃建(jian)成(cheng)整機(ji)(ji)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、葉片(pian)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、在(zai)役機(ji)(ji)組檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)、化學實驗(yan)(yan)室(shi)，在(zai)海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電裝備領域(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)從原材料、部件(jian)、整機(ji)(ji)到在(zai)役機(ji)(ji)組的全生(sheng)命周期檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)服務(wu)能力，將極大拓(tuo)展(zhan)我(wo)國風(feng)(feng)電整機(ji)(ji)及關鍵(jian)部件(jian)的測(ce)試驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)資源(yuan)。

其中(zhong)，葉片(pian)實驗(yan)室可以按(an)照國際標準開展150米(mi)葉片(pian)全尺寸試驗(yan)，從長度、功率、質量、載荷等方面通(tong)過設計參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)性(xing)分析，構建(jian)(jian)起葉片(pian)關(guan)(guan)鍵參(can)(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)預期(qi)評(ping)估模型，對(dui)風電(dian)葉片(pian)的(de)(de)設計與(yu)試驗(yan)參(can)(can)數(shu)進(jin)行(xing)預判，模擬(ni)風電(dian)葉片(pian)在實際運行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)狀態，為(wei)項目建(jian)(jian)設提供設計依據(ju)。這使(shi)得我國風電(dian)葉片(pian)檢測能力(li)達(da)到全球領先水平，助力(li)我國海上風電(dian)產業蓬勃發展。