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胡高斌：面向新型電力系統的熔融鹽儲熱與煤電機組耦合集成與靈活運行技術

江蘇國信靖江發電有限公司設備部副主任

胡高(gao)斌：各(ge)位領導，各(ge)位專(zhuan)家，大家下(xia)午好。我(wo)(wo)是江蘇國信新(xin)疆發電(dian)有限(xian)公司設(she)備部武高(gao)斌，很榮幸能(neng)在儲(chu)能(neng)技術應用研討(tao)會大平臺上和大家進行交流(liu)學(xue)習。今(jin)天匯報的(de)(de)主題(ti)是面向新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統的(de)(de)熔(rong)巖(yan)儲(chu)熱(re)與煤電(dian)機組耦合集(ji)成與靈活運(yun)行技術。我(wo)(wo)就以(yi)下(xia)5點進行介(jie)紹，包括大環境的(de)(de)背景(jing)和電(dian)力(li)行業的(de)(de)背景(jing)，儲(chu)能(neng)技術的(de)(de)選擇，這相(xiang)對來說是相(xiang)對于(yu)煤電(dian)機組，熔(rong)融(rong)也儲(chu)熱(re)的(de)(de)，在建(jian)項目的(de)(de)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)實施(shi)方案(an)和收益分析，最后(hou)是示(shi)范工程(cheng)的(de)(de)引進。

大(da)家(jia)都知道在(zai)2030年(nian)(nian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達(da)到(dao)(dao)碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)，在(zai)2060年(nian)(nian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)碳(tan)中(zhong)和，其目標是黨中(zhong)央的重(zhong)大(da)決策部署(shu)，相對于電(dian)力行(xing)業來說，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)，碳(tan)中(zhong)和基(ji)本思路和主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)舉措是深化(hua)電(dian)力體(ti)制改革，構(gou)建以新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主題(ti)的綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力系統。而(er)且江蘇省十四五可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃也提(ti)出，到(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)，江蘇全(quan)(quan)省可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)用量(liang)占(zhan)比(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達(da)到(dao)(dao)21%，可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)總(zong)裝機量(liang)占(zhan)比(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)超(chao)過30%，可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)占(zhan)比(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)一步提(ti)升，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)構(gou)建新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力系統，意味著風力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)、光伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)將是未來電(dian)力系統的主體(ti)。國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委和國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局發(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)的關于加強推動新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的指導意見，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)兩個目標，是到(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)實現(xian)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)從商業化(hua)初期向規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的轉變，到(dao)(dao)2030年(nian)(nian)實現(xian)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)全(quan)(quan)面市(shi)場化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)核(he)心技術(shu)裝備(bei)自主可(ke)控，進(jin)行(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)成為(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域綜(zong)合的關鍵支(zhi)撐。

講行業背(bei)景，從兩個餅狀圖(tu)可以看出，雖(sui)然(ran)現在風電(dian)(dian)和太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)約占(zhan)國電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)總裝(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)27%，但是的(de)(de)(de)實際發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)僅占(zhan)12%，而火力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)以55%的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)卻(que)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出占(zhan)比67%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，可見火力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)仍然(ran)是國電(dian)(dian)源側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)中流(liu)砥柱。但是隨著(zhu)(zhu)新能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，新能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)消耗面臨著(zhu)(zhu)很大的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力，因此急(ji)需開發(fa)(fa)(fa)新技(ji)術(shu)、新能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)消納。

介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)儲能項目實施單位簡介(jie)，公(gong)(gong)司位于江蘇省晉(jin)江市經濟開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)，主(zhu)要(yao)經營內(nei)容(rong)為火(huo)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)、供氣，售電(dian)以及港口(kou)經營，公(gong)(gong)司兩(liang)臺66萬(wan)的(de)超(chao)臨界機(ji)組是2015年(nian)投產，年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)約70億千瓦時。公(gong)(gong)司主(zhu)要(yao)還(huan)承擔著(zhu)晉(jin)江東部和(he)中(zhong)部區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)供熱，這5年(nian)供熱量(liang)約80萬(wan)噸(dun)，大約是1小時100噸(dun)左右。由(you)前面的(de)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)可知，公(gong)(gong)司地處長(chang)三(san)角地區(qu)(qu)，長(chang)三(san)角地區(qu)(qu)電(dian)網發(fa)達(da)，電(dian)力(li)輸送(song)能力(li)強，再加上(shang)東部沿海(hai)(hai)的(de)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)風電(dian)，還(huan)有(you)光伏等新能源，所(suo)以說(shuo)在(zai)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)相對(dui)來說(shuo)火(huo)電(dian)機(ji)組的(de)調峰做調頻的(de)壓力(li)比較大。

據前(qian)面所(suo)述在(zai)雙探的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標下，在(zai)整個的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)環境(jing)下，發展(zhan)低碳能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比(bi)例已(yi)經是(shi)(shi)板上釘(ding)釘(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以說(shuo)(shuo)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃煤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)靈活性(xing)改(gai)造(zao)，以及大(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術是(shi)(shi)勢在(zai)必(bi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術是(shi)(shi)解(jie)決當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)調頻和(he)調峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)足，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消耗困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。就相當于(yu)(yu)剛剛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發改(gai)委和(he)國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)也指出，新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雙碳目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)支撐之一，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)側儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方面要(yao)(yao)布置一批配置儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)項目(mu)，通過儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)協調優化保(bao)障性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)利用(yong)(yong)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統提(ti)(ti)供容量支撐和(he)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調峰能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。到(dao)2025年新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝機(ji)容量要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)3,000萬千瓦(wa)以上，要(yao)(yao)推(tui)進儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供熱與發電(dian)(dian)示范的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)，所(suo)以說(shuo)(shuo)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術在(zai)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)比(bi)例，保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全(quan)(quan)穩定運(yun)(yun)行等方面要(yao)(yao)發揮著重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)(shi)支撐國大(da)(da)規模(mo)發展(zhan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)技(ji)術。想(xiang)必(bi)大(da)(da)家(jia)都知道儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術按照原理(li)可(ke)以分為(wei)以下幾(ji)點，包(bao)括機(ji)械儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱量性(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（其中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)）、電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)池內儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等。抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，規模(mo)很大(da)(da)，但(dan)嚴重依賴地理(li)位置，建設周期(qi)較(jiao)長，資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受限，而電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)(xue)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，響應速度(du)(du)(du)快，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)單位成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，壽命短，安全(quan)(quan)風險交大(da)(da)熱化學(xue)(xue)組目(mu)前(qian)成(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)低，全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)低，不(bu)具(ju)備商業化運(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。電(dian)(dian)子儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)還處在(zai)實驗階段(duan)，所(suo)以說(shuo)(shuo)相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)煤電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，熱量型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術過程(cheng)簡單，關鍵(jian)設備發展(zhan)較(jiao)為(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)熟，其中(zhong)若年儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術具(ju)有儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，單位成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低，安全(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)等優勢，可(ke)與新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等多種形式，和(he)并提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供給，靈活運(yun)(yun)行能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)(shi)構(gou)建綠色低碳電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)術。

從(cong)表也可以看出，相比(bi)于其的(de)儲能(neng)技術對(dui)于煤電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)熱(re)(re)(re)熔巖儲能(neng)具(ju)有適用范(fan)圍廣(guang)，綠色(se)環保、安全(quan)性高(gao)、壽命長(chang)，占(zhan)地面積(ji)小，單位成本(ben)低(di)等優(you)點，且沒(mei)有地理環境的(de)限制，是目前大(da)規模中高(gao)溫儲熱(re)(re)(re)季(ji)度的(de)首選。熔鹽儲能(neng)技術主要以電(dian)(dian)能(neng)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)、熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)兩種形式耦合于當前能(neng)源(yuan)供應(ying)系(xi)統中，如(ru)光熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)、集中供熱(re)(re)(re)等，針對(dui)于供熱(re)(re)(re)機組(zu)要滿(man)足新能(neng)源(yuan)為主的(de)發熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，填(tian)補穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)網(wang)安全(quan)運(yun)行，調(diao)節消納新能(neng)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)等要求，不(bu)僅解決電(dian)(dian)網(wang)消納新能(neng)源(yuan)調(diao)峰難題，而且增(zeng)強新型綠色(se)低(di)碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)穩(wen)定性，又為工業(ye)用戶(hu)提(ti)供綠色(se)清潔(jie)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)的(de)低(di)碳(tan)發展路(lu)徑，推動(dong)能(neng)綠色(se)低(di)碳(tan)發電(dian)(dian)目標的(de)不(bu)斷前行。

公司現(xian)在面臨著幾個瓶頸(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，供(gong)熱(re)抽氣口(kou)是從(cong)鍋爐載熱(re)器第一級(ji)載熱(re)器出口(kou)取出的(de)(de)(de)(de)，再熱(re)器第一級(ji)聯箱(xiang)蒸(zheng)汽通過背壓機實現(xian)對外供(gong)熱(re)，采取被(bei)壓機可以實現(xian)能量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梯級(ji)利用，且減少(shao)百1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)用電率(lv)。但(dan)是瓶頸(jing)也(ye)顯而易(yi)見，當(dang)機組深(shen)度表(biao)觀(guan)達(da)(da)到(dao)40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，即使是供(gong)熱(re)整(zheng)體(ti)全部(bu)通過投(tou)入也(ye)只能提供(gong)大約(yue)80噸每小時的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)氣，當(dang)然平(ping)均量(liang)是100噸每小時，就相當(dang)于(yu)平(ping)常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)氣高峰(feng)來說(shuo)，供(gong)氣量(liang)還是不(bu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)，尤其(qi)是在現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種情況下，深(shen)度調(diao)峰(feng)也(ye)很平(ping)常(chang)(chang)，所以說(shuo)這是供(gong)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓶頸(jing)。第二個是公司兩臺機組打開(kai)深(shen)度調(diao)峰(feng)，長周(zhou)期運(yun)行(xing)只能達(da)(da)到(dao)35%的(de)(de)(de)(de)負荷(he)，再往下的(de)(de)(de)(de)話就面臨著最(zui)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫銷(xiao)，所以說(shuo)深(shen)度調(diao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)控深(shen)度也(ye)是瓶頸(jing)。第三(san)個是參與(yu)調(diao)頻輔助(zhu)市場這一方面，經(jing)過統計(ji)，每天的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)頻率(lv)大概是700~1200次，調(diao)節(jie)(jie)功率(lv)主要在±4.5兆瓦之間(jian)，相對于(yu)如果通過改變燃燒(shao)來響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)調(diao)頻的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)速(su)度是以幾十秒來計(ji)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)，相對于(yu)區(qu)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門店(dian)進行(xing)并沒有優勢，這是幾個制約(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。

有制約(yue)條件，就進行聯合西安熱(re)工研究院進行共(gong)同探討，最終確定(ding)的(de)熔巖(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能的(de)方(fang)案(an)應該是(shi)熔巖(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能，可以實現由電(dian)流往熱(re)能再往熱(re)能的(de)轉換，再加(jia)上是(shi)供熱(re)基礎，所以說(shuo)相對于來說(shuo)是(shi)最適合機(ji)組的(de)儲(chu)能的(de)方(fang)案(an)。

熔巖(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)系統的(de)(de)主要材料和(he)設備如(ru)圖(tu)中所示主要是(shi)熔融鹽，采取(qu)的(de)(de)是(shi)三(san)元鹽，熔點大概是(shi)115度，實際運(yun)行(xing)溫度在(zai)200~400之(zhi)間。第二個(ge)是(shi)熔巖(yan)罐，第三(san)個(ge)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)、泵、電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)熔巖(yan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)是(shi)從機組(zu)的(de)(de)6000伏取(qu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，通(tong)過變壓器(qi)降(jiang)壓，對分為4組(zu)對熔巖(yan)進行(xing)加(jia)熱(re)，熔巖(yan)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)系統簡單可靠，通(tong)過的(de)(de)供(gong)氣的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)，包括(kuo)供(gong)氣的(de)(de)壓力、溫度、流量(liang)等方面，還有對于(yu)的(de)(de)調(diao)頻和(he)調(diao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)，綜合選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)熔巖(yan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)工具，總共合起來是(shi)36兆瓦，儲(chu)熱(re)量(liang)是(shi)兩(liang)個(ge)熔巖(yan)罐的(de)(de)儲(chu)熱(re)量(liang)是(shi)不小(xiao)的(de)(de)，是(shi)72兆瓦時(shi)。

這邊是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)(zai)實施項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統圖，是(shi)(shi)分為兩個部(bu)分，是(shi)(shi)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)，是(shi)(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)，首先講吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)，從(cong)互(hu)動可(ke)以(yi)看出，低(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)冷(leng)凝，當然低(di)溫(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)211℃左(zuo)右，通(tong)過熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)泵(beng)把(ba)打出來(lai)(lai)，通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器剛(gang)剛(gang)這邊是(shi)(shi)從(cong)六清基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6000伏取出來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)壓，其對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)進(jin)(jin)行加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，到(dao)(dao)大概388℃之后(hou)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)罐，這是(shi)(shi)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)，放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程(cheng)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)溶液罐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)通(tong)過熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)泵(beng)進(jin)(jin)行打出，通(tong)過換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)出氧氣來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽水(shui)進(jin)(jin)行換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，變(bian)(bian)成低(di)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這種已經(jing)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)罐循環，同時(shi)還有熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化是(shi)(shi)從(cong)除氧器出口下(xia)降(jiang)完(wan)取出汽水(shui)，通(tong)過換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器進(jin)(jin)行加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，加(jia)入(ru)到(dao)(dao)260度1.1兆(zhao)帕，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)外供(gong)氣。比如說(shuo)省調(diao)(diao)來(lai)(lai)指令(ling)要求(qiu)上(shang)網負(fu)荷提高(gao)到(dao)(dao)605，也增加(jia)5兆(zhao)瓦，直接就把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)通(tong)過工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)控制(zhi)系統進(jin)(jin)行調(diao)(diao)節，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)從(cong)20兆(zhao)瓦降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)15兆(zhao)瓦，在(zai)(zai)機(ji)組處理不變(bian)(bian)還是(shi)(shi)620兆(zhao)瓦，上(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷就變(bian)(bian)成605兆(zhao)瓦，也說(shuo)可(ke)以(yi)迅速響(xiang)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指令(ling)，在(zai)(zai)機(ji)組出力不變(bian)(bian)，如果(guo)通(tong)過機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人改變(bian)(bian)燃燒來(lai)(lai)響(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)要個幾(ji)十秒，但是(shi)(shi)直接通(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍巖(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法來(lai)(lai)直接把(ba)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)直接補(bu)貼到(dao)(dao)上(shang)網符合(he)上(shang)，可(ke)以(yi)實現毫秒級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應(ying)，總(zong)共響(xiang)應(ying)時(shi)間不超(chao)過一秒。響(xiang)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)巖(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)范(fan)圍內，肯(ken)定是(shi)(shi)100%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度響(xiang)應(ying)，反之亦然，所以(yi)說(shuo)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)就控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)合(he)適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍，而對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網條峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，在(zai)(zai)深度調(diao)(diao)峰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候可(ke)以(yi)直接把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)給堆滿，盡量多分擔(dan)一點工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，上(shang)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷就低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

接下來(lai)給大(da)(da)家匯報整(zheng)個項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)，目(mu)前熔(rong)巖(yan)(yan)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)幾乎都(dou)用于太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光熱電站除此之外(wai)缺乏(fa)大(da)(da)規模與煤電機組(zu)(zu)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案例(li)，僅有規模較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)暖示范項(xiang)目(mu)。從(cong)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)感(gan)受到火電行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)即將迎來(lai)重(zhong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變革(ge)，同時也(ye)存在(zai)前文(wen)所(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)供(gong)給和外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)調(diao)峰(feng)調(diao)頻(pin)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)。所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)在(zai)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)就(jiu)(jiu)開始聯系(xi)西安熱工(gong)(gong)研究(jiu)院(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)供(gong)氣(qi)、調(diao)兵調(diao)分(fen)(fen)等，在(zai)研究(jiu)過(guo)(guo)程中對比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前面所(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多種技術(shu)(shu)(shu)路線(xian)，因(yin)為供(gong)熱，所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)最(zui)終(zhong)選(xuan)擇熔(rong)鹽儲(chu)熱是(shi)最(zui)適合靈活性改(gai)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)路線(xian)，而且具(ju)有長壽命(ming)、低(di)成(cheng)本、高安全等其儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)不可(ke)(ke)比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)底就(jiu)(jiu)通過(guo)(guo)財政評審，完成(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)可(ke)(ke)研，在(zai)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)開始進(jin)(jin)入到項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計階段(duan)，也(ye)組(zu)(zu)織外(wai)部專家進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)層層論(lun)證(zheng)，論(lun)證(zheng)過(guo)(guo)程中攻(gong)克(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)巖(yan)(yan)加熱方式主要(yao)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)蒸(zheng)汽加熱和電加熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)，還有系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費用問(wen)題，比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)電源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備用，水源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)備用。系(xi)統(tong)啟動問(wen)題包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)存在(zai)態啟動、溫態啟動、熱態啟動、系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)，調(diao)頻(pin)工(gong)(gong)況調(diao)、分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)報和頂(ding)尖分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)況，以(yi)及(ji)鍋爐汽機儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體協調(diao)控制(zhi)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)等技術(shu)(shu)(shu)難題，最(zui)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體協調(diao)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)，以(yi)保障系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)安全穩定運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，實(shi)現輔助服(fu)務收(shou)(shou)益最(zui)大(da)(da)化(hua)(hua)，鍋爐氣(qi)機安全經(jing)濟運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)最(zui)大(da)(da)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。該項(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)從(cong)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月開始建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，到現在(zai)已經(jing)完成(cheng)土建工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，正在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)設備安裝。總包(bao)(bao)方也(ye)是(shi)西安院(yuan)，預期在(zai)4月份(fen)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，根據省內(nei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)頻(pin)改(gai)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)，兩臺機組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)頻(pin)收(shou)(shou)益是(shi)達到每(mei)天30萬元，對比(bi)收(shou)(shou)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，因(yin)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電加熱器功(gong)率更大(da)(da)，所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)總投資(zi)是(shi)5000多萬元，36兆瓦，所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)預計不到一年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)收(shou)(shou)回成(cheng)本。項(xiang)目(mu)投資(zi)收(shou)(shou)益性較好(hao)，但是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)益還是(shi)要(yao)看到時候4月份(fen)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況決定，也(ye)實(shi)現前所(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)。

綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述，采取的(de)熔巖儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)煤電(dian)機組(zu)相耦合(he)的(de)方案，是可以(yi)實現單臺(tai)機組(zu)深度調(diao)控達到30%，而(er)且顯著(zhu)提(ti)(ti)高技術(shu)的(de)調(diao)配(pei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，剛剛所(suo)說的(de)也可以(yi)滿足50噸每(mei)小時的(de)工業用(yong)氣，因為(wei)是把能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量進行(xing)(xing)轉換的(de)，電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)變成熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)再(zai)變成熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，這是簡單的(de)收(shou)益(yi)。調(diao)頻調(diao)峰收(shou)益(yi)預(yu)計一(yi)年就可以(yi)收(shou)回成本，共(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)安全就不多說，也可以(yi)有效降低為(wei)基礎的(de)調(diao)溫深度，利用(yong)干濕態轉化。項目從開始執行(xing)(xing)就得到火電(dian)行(xing)(xing)業和(he)光(guang)熱(re)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)業的(de)廣(guang)泛關注，被光(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)平臺(tai)評為(wei)2021年度中國光(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)行(xing)(xing)業十大新(xin)聞之一(yi)。所(suo)以(yi)公司和(he)西安熱(re)工院研究有限公司共(gong)同實施的(de)熔鹽(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)項目是國內首例化融煤電(dian)機組(zu)和(he)熔鹽(yan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相結合(he)的(de)項目，實現都能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有匹配(pei)與(yu)協調(diao)優化，提(ti)(ti)高耦合(he)發電(dian)系統的(de)靈活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)經濟性(xing)(xing)(xing)。

項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)現在已經進(jin)入(ru)實(shi)施階段，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)團(tuan)隊建立協同創(chuang)新(xin)機制(zhi)，攻克熔鹽儲熱系統多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)技術(shu)難題，預計(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)4月份(fen)進(jin)行(xing)試運行(xing)，成為國內(nei)首(shou)個(ge)熔鹽儲熱技術(shu)在火電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)大規模(mo)工程示范的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，為火電(dian)機組(zu)的(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)展提供(gong)下一(yi)步的(de)解決方案。項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)研究成果前景廣闊，相關技術(shu)推廣后(hou)將進(jin)一(yi)步提高，所以這種高比例(li)的(de)可(ke)再生能(neng)源的(de)消納，促進(jin)火電(dian)與規模(mo)化(hua)可(ke)再生能(neng)源的(de)協調(diao)發(fa)展。