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近日，在《關于晉城市光伏風電產業發展的思考和建議》一文中，作者建議山西晉城“基地化”發展，快速做大集中式光伏，并謀劃了電力本地利用、電力外送兩大基地，建議給予重點支持，即晉城市280萬千瓦“風光氣暖氫”融合發展新能源基地、晉城市（陽城電廠）200萬千瓦“風光火”打捆外送基地。

此外，深入(ru)推動(dong)光(guang)伏與(yu)其他產(chan)業融(rong)合發展(zhan)，用(yong)制度創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)造社會效益部分，作者提到建議探索“儲能＋光(guang)伏＋風電(dian)(dian)(dian)＋瓦(wa)斯(si)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)＋甲醇發電(dian)(dian)(dian)＋氫氣(qi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)＋光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)”的(de)多能互補電(dian)(dian)(dian)站。

詳情如下：

關于晉城市光伏風(feng)電(dian)產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的思考和建(jian)議

從全省來看，晉(jin)(jin)城的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)、風電(dian)資源稟賦(fu)較差(cha)，大同、忻州、朔州等(deng)晉(jin)(jin)北地區光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)年有(you)效利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時數能(neng)達到(dao)1700－1800小(xiao)(xiao)時，風電(dian)能(neng)達到(dao)3500－4000小(xiao)(xiao)時，而晉(jin)(jin)城光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)約(yue)為(wei)1200－1400小(xiao)(xiao)時，風電(dian)約(yue)為(wei)2000小(xiao)(xiao)時。受此制(zhi)約(yue)，晉(jin)(jin)城光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)、風電(dian)產業起步(bu)晚，規模也偏小(xiao)(xiao)，但發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)很快(kuai)，“十三五”期間總裝機(ji)規模從不足(zu)1萬(wan)千(qian)瓦增(zeng)長到(dao)100萬(wan)千(qian)瓦以(yi)上。晉(jin)(jin)城市光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)、風電(dian)前景如何，能(neng)否繼續保持高速增(zeng)長，成為(wei)能(neng)源工作者關注最(zui)多、思考(kao)(kao)最(zui)多的(de)(de)問題，現結合晉(jin)(jin)城發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)現狀，淺談幾點自(zi)己的(de)(de)思考(kao)(kao)和(he)建議。

一、光伏、風電產業(ye)發展現狀

（一）光伏行業

1．“十(shi)三五”是(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展期(qi)。2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，晉城市(shi)(shi)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏總(zong)裝(zhuang)機為0.36萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，規模非常(chang)小，而到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，已達到(dao)48萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)電(dian)能力約(yue)7億度，約(yue)占年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)（200億度左右）的(de)3.5％。從(cong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類來(lai)看(kan)，一是(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏：2016－2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)爆發(fa)式(shi)(shi)增長(chang)(chang)后(hou)趨于(yu)平(ping)穩增長(chang)(chang)。晉城市(shi)(shi)在(zai)2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出臺了每瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)安裝(zhuang)補(bu)貼3元、電(dian)價(jia)補(bu)貼0.2元的(de)市(shi)(shi)級補(bu)貼政(zheng)策(ce)后(hou)，全(quan)市(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏經(jing)歷了爆發(fa)式(shi)(shi)增長(chang)(chang)，從(cong)0.36萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)增長(chang)(chang)到(dao)22萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后(hou)進入平(ping)穩增長(chang)(chang)期(qi)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏總(zong)裝(zhuang)機達到(dao)23萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，約(yue)2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)戶(hu)居民建(jian)有(you)屋(wu)頂分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏，430多個企業和村集(ji)(ji)體建(jian)有(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏。二是(shi)集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏：2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)競價(jia)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏開(kai)始提速(su)發(fa)展。2016－2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，建(jian)成(cheng)4個集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏項(xiang)目(mu)，裝(zhuang)機8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)批(pi)競價(jia)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏17萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，并(bing)于(yu)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)全(quan)部(bu)建(jian)成(cheng)，約(yue)占全(quan)省(sheng)同批(pi)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)成(cheng)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)1／6。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底，共建(jian)成(cheng)集(ji)(ji)中式(shi)(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏25萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，并(bing)儲備超過100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)待獲(huo)得項(xiang)目(mu)指標后(hou)建(jian)設(she)。

2．光伏(fu)產業還(huan)存在(zai)較大(da)潛力(li)。從(cong)分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)來看，提升空(kong)間尚大(da)。我市目前2萬(wan)農村居民建有家用光伏(fu)，不(bu)足(zu)10％，各類工商業廠房也還(huan)有較大(da)發(fa)展空(kong)間。預計可(ke)開(kai)發(fa)總(zong)量(liang)在(zai)100萬(wan)千瓦以上(shang)。從(cong)集中式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)來看，開(kai)發(fa)空(kong)間同樣較大(da)。從(cong)目前前期手續較完善(shan)的(de)儲(chu)備項目來看，裝機規(gui)模(mo)已超過(guo)140萬(wan)千瓦，考慮到(dao)晉城(cheng)市荒山荒坡資(zi)源較少，粗略估計全市可(ke)開(kai)發(fa)集中式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)的(de)總(zong)容(rong)量(liang)在(zai)200萬(wan)千瓦左右。

3．光伏產業前景光明。從全(quan)國(guo)政策導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)國(guo)家水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)規(gui)劃總(zong)院的(de)分析來(lai)看，光伏已成為(wei)成本最(zui)低的(de)可再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，預計到(dao)2035年左(zuo)右(you)，光伏的(de)裝機容(rong)量將超(chao)過火(huo)電(dian)，成為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)裝機規(gui)模(mo)最(zui)大(da)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。晉(jin)城在(zai)加快光伏發展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)面具有幾點(dian)優勢：一是消(xiao)(xiao)納條(tiao)件較好(hao)。晉(jin)城全(quan)市年用電(dian)量約為(wei)200億(yi)度(du)(du)，發電(dian)量約為(wei)240億(yi)度(du)(du)，其中：約160億(yi)度(du)(du)電(dian)由大(da)唐陽電(dian)直送江(jiang)蘇，本地發電(dian)約80億(yi)度(du)(du)，全(quan)市每年超(chao)100億(yi)度(du)(du)電(dian)從周邊調入。發展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)符合現有消(xiao)(xiao)納政策導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)，粗略測算，對光伏的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)納能(neng)(neng)力(li)可達到(dao)500萬千瓦。二是有資源(yuan)(yuan)支(zhi)撐。全(quan)市可支(zhi)撐的(de)光伏開發資源(yuan)(yuan)，預計在(zai)300萬千瓦左(zuo)右(you)。三是便于傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)協(xie)同發展(zhan)(zhan)。晉(jin)城作為(wei)傳統(tong)的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)市，煤炭、煤層氣、甲醇、瓦斯、生物(wu)質能(neng)(neng)等能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)類多(duo)、產量大(da)，在(zai)構筑(zhu)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補(bu)、協(xie)同發展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)面具有天然優勢。

（二）風電行業

1．2018－2020年(nian)快速(su)發(fa)展。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)：自2018年(nian)8月全市首個(ge)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)——陵川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)一(yi)(yi)期10萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)建(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)產后(hou)，快速(su)建(jian)成(cheng)了陵川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)二期5萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)、澤(ze)州(zhou)華(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)期10萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)、澤(ze)州(zhou)華(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)二期10萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)、沁(qin)水中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)投(tou)5萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)、沁(qin)水遠景(jing)10萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)等一(yi)(yi)批集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)。2020年(nian)底，集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)規(gui)模(mo)達到50萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)。二是(shi)分散(san)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)：2019年(nian)，在全省修(xiu)訂(ding)“十三五”分散(san)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)展規(gui)劃時，晉城又有28.9萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)分散(san)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)補充列(lie)入規(gui)劃，目(mu)(mu)前這批項目(mu)(mu)已基(ji)本完成(cheng)前期，預計在2021年(nian)底前全部建(jian)成(cheng)并網(wang)。

2．風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)已(yi)接近飽和(he)。從風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)情況(kuang)來看，已(yi)批的(de)分(fen)散(san)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全部建(jian)(jian)成并(bing)網后(hou)(hou)，新開發(fa)(fa)項目(mu)的(de)空(kong)間已(yi)很(hen)小。主要受兩(liang)方面(mian)(mian)因素制(zhi)約：一是土(tu)地(di)資源(yuan)制(zhi)約。2019年2月(yue)，國家林(lin)草局出臺《關于規(gui)范(fan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設使用林(lin)地(di)的(de)通知》，要求風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)避(bi)讓林(lin)地(di)，通過(guo)(guo)對林(lin)地(di)資源(yuan)的(de)排(pai)查，晉城(cheng)已(yi)很(hen)難(nan)找到裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模超(chao)過(guo)(guo)5萬千瓦的(de)集中(zhong)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資源(yuan)，適(shi)合裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模小于5萬千瓦的(de)分(fen)散(san)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)土(tu)地(di)資源(yuan)也十(shi)分(fen)稀少。二是資源(yuan)經濟性制(zhi)約。在2021年風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實現全面(mian)(mian)平價上網后(hou)(hou)，受限晉城(cheng)2000左右利用小時數的(de)資源(yuan)稟賦，風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)已(yi)不具備經濟性。

3．短期(qi)內增量空間已(yi)很小(xiao)。在2021年(nian)底前(qian)，將已(yi)批(pi)的20多萬(wan)千瓦分散(san)式風(feng)電(dian)項目全部(bu)建成后，未來幾年(nian)，在風(feng)電(dian)行業未出現革命性技(ji)術和(he)成本大幅(fu)下(xia)降(jiang)之前(qian)，風(feng)電(dian)開發(fa)空間已(yi)很小(xiao)。

二、光伏、風電產業發展的制約因素(su)

光伏：晉城具備光伏發展的(de)土(tu)地等資(zi)源支撐、消(xiao)納條件好、投資(zi)企業及資(zi)金(jin)充沛，制約發展的(de)主要(yao)(yao)是光伏指(zhi)標。只要(yao)(yao)國(guo)家(jia)和省給予(yu)較多的(de)光伏指(zhi)標，就能(neng)實現(xian)總量快速增長。

風(feng)電：風(feng)電容量已飽和，增長空間(jian)已很小(xiao)。

三、思考和建議

下一步，晉城發展的(de)重點(dian)是光伏產業。“十四五(wu)”期(qi)間，規劃新增裝機容量為100萬千瓦。對于(yu)加快光伏發展，我們主要有以下幾點(dian)思考(kao)和建議：

（一）以(yi)需定產，支持光伏總(zong)量(liang)快速做大(da)

光伏(fu)成本(ben)持續(xu)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)比重將不(bu)斷提高(gao)。而(er)晉城市(shi)作為一個本(ben)地電(dian)(dian)力(li)生產(chan)供應(ying)和(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求缺(que)口(kou)很大(da)的地區，消納充足(zu)(zu)(zu)，給(gei)予晉城市(shi)充足(zu)(zu)(zu)的指標(biao)(biao)供應(ying)，快速提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)自(zi)給(gei)自(zi)足(zu)(zu)(zu)能力(li)，有(you)利(li)于充分發(fa)揮(hui)光伏(fu)的低(di)(di)成本(ben)優勢，促(cu)進(jin)能源供給(gei)結構的優化和(he)調(diao)整。因此，建議立足(zu)(zu)(zu)晉城每(mei)年100億度電(dian)(dian)的供應(ying)缺(que)口(kou)，爭取較多指標(biao)(biao)，盡快填補供應(ying)缺(que)口(kou)。

（二）立足長遠(yuan)，打通新能(neng)源電力(li)外送通道

山西省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)上(shang)網基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價較低(di)，而(er)(er)晉(jin)城(cheng)不僅有“大唐陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)直供江(jiang)蘇(su)”送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道，而(er)(er)且緊(jin)鄰河南省(sheng)，支持晉(jin)城(cheng)新(xin)(xin)能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)外送(song)，不僅可以(yi)為全省(sheng)新(xin)(xin)能源發展(zhan)拓展(zhan)容量空間，而(er)(er)且外地較高(gao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)價又(you)能促(cu)進我省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)快速發展(zhan)。因此，建(jian)議推動(dong)“大唐陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)直供江(jiang)蘇(su)”送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道，由單純火電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸送(song)向“風光火”打捆(kun)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變，并謀劃建(jian)設面向中原經濟(ji)區的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道。

（三）“基地化”發(fa)展(zhan)，快速做大集中式光伏

集中式(shi)光(guang)伏作為(wei)(wei)大規模的電源，更適合“基(ji)地(di)化(hua)”發展。為(wei)(wei)此，我們謀劃了電力本地(di)利用、電力外送兩大基(ji)地(di)，建(jian)議(yi)給予重點支(zhi)持。

1．晉城市280萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)“風(feng)光(guang)(guang)氣(qi)暖氫(qing)(qing)”融(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地：規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模280萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，主要(yao)包括(kuo)地面(mian)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、農光(guang)(guang)互(hu)補60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、水(shui)上(shang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、分(fen)(fen)散式風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。重點(dian)在(zai)五個方(fang)面(mian)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)創新(xin)(xin)和(he)突破：一是實現(xian)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就地消(xiao)(xiao)納。這批新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擬全部在(zai)本市內消(xiao)(xiao)納。二是探(tan)(tan)索(suo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮現(xian)有(you)瓦(wa)(wa)斯發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站調(diao)峰作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，提(ti)升和(he)改(gai)善新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行辦(ban)法。晉城市現(xian)有(you)瓦(wa)(wa)斯發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量約55萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，是可(ke)供利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質調(diao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，擬在(zai)“十四(si)五”期間，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)體制(zhi)研究，尋求瓦(wa)(wa)斯發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，提(ti)升消(xiao)(xiao)納水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)途徑。三是推廣新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)供熱領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。重點(dian)在(zai)大型光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)、戶用(yong)(yong)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)供暖、小規(gui)(gui)(gui)模光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供暖等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)嘗試，提(ti)升新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)供暖方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。四(si)是在(zai)化肥(fei)用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)領域(yu)探(tan)(tan)索(suo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)替代煤制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顛覆式產業(ye)創新(xin)(xin)。晉城市作(zuo)(zuo)為產量占全國1／4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化肥(fei)基地，氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)使用(yong)(yong)量很大，用(yong)(yong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)替代煤制(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)，可(ke)以(yi)節約大量煤炭，目(mu)前技術已基本成熟，成本偏高，擬探(tan)(tan)索(suo)在(zai)爭取(qu)國家和(he)省配套一定支(zhi)持政(zheng)策后開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)試點(dian)。五是深(shen)入推進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、蔬菜大棚、漁業(ye)、中(zhong)草藥種植(zhi)等(deng)產業(ye)融(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。擴大現(xian)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜大棚農光(guang)(guang)互(hu)補項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模，開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)上(shang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設，在(zai)中(zhong)草藥種植(zhi)、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)等(deng)領域(yu)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)特(te)色(se)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)項目(mu)建設。

2．晉城市（陽城電廠(chang)）200萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)“風光(guang)火”打捆外送基地：陽電發展新(xin)能(neng)源項目采用“風光(guang)火”打捆外送方(fang)式，通過(guo)陽城電廠(chang)專線將電量(liang)“點對網”送往江蘇消納，近期規劃規模(mo)200萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。

（四）“惠民式”發展，充分做活分布式光伏

分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏作為(wei)自發自用為(wei)主(zhu)的分(fen)散電源，低成本優勢(shi)在(zai)(zai)惠(hui)民方(fang)面成效顯著(zhu)。建(jian)議進(jin)一(yi)步放寬(kuan)(kuan)此(ci)類項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目的條件(jian)限(xian)制，更充分(fen)發揮這類項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目低成本惠(hui)民的社(she)會效益。一(yi)是放寬(kuan)(kuan)規(gui)模(mo)限(xian)制。目前(qian)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏的規(gui)模(mo)要(yao)求(qiu)是6兆瓦以下，可由(you)本市備(bei)案后，自主(zhu)建(jian)設(she)，超過規(gui)模(mo)的要(yao)作為(wei)集(ji)中式光(guang)伏項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目進(jin)行指標化管理。建(jian)議將分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏規(gui)模(mo)限(xian)制擴大到10－20兆瓦，擴大本地小型分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)的自主(zhu)權。二是放寬(kuan)(kuan)條件(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)。現行政策要(yao)求(qiu)，僅(jin)限(xian)在(zai)(zai)屋頂建(jian)設(she)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏，建(jian)議放寬(kuan)(kuan)到可在(zai)(zai)各類荒山荒坡(po)、荒灘、閑(xian)置場地建(jian)設(she)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光(guang)伏。

（五）率先推動(dong)“光伏＋儲(chu)能”，全面提(ti)升供電(dian)品質

“光伏(fu)＋儲能”是未來最佳的(de)(de)低成本電力解(jie)決方案(an)。對(dui)改(gai)善供電品質的(de)(de)作用也很(hen)顯著，但目前儲能的(de)(de)成本還較高，鼓勵(li)建(jian)設儲能的(de)(de)政策體系尚未建(jian)立。因此，建(jian)議在省(sheng)級層(ceng)面(mian)構建(jian)支持各市率先推動“光伏(fu)＋儲能”建(jian)設的(de)(de)政策體系，促進全省(sheng)的(de)(de)儲能規模快速提升，改(gai)善對(dui)新能源的(de)(de)消納能力。

（六）深入推動光(guang)伏與其他(ta)產(chan)業融合發展(zhan)，用(yong)制度創新(xin)創造社(she)會效益(yi)

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)低成本(ben)電(dian)源，隨著技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步，每度電(dian)成本(ben)有(you)望(wang)向0.2元、0.1元邁進(jin)。一(yi)方(fang)面要通過“光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)＋儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)”提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)產業的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)；另一(yi)方(fang)面，也可以(yi)通過對用(yong)(yong)電(dian)端的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)和改(gai)造，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)間(jian)歇性(xing)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)適應能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。重點建議在以(yi)下幾個方(fang)面用(yong)(yong)制度創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)推(tui)廣光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，創(chuang)(chuang)造社會效益。一(yi)是創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)各類(lei)“光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)＋”綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)模式。大(da)力(li)(li)鼓(gu)(gu)勵發展各類(lei)農(nong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)互(hu)補(bu)、林光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)互(hu)補(bu)、水上光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、大(da)棚(peng)蔬菜(cai)頂(ding)棚(peng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、“光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)＋旅游、交(jiao)通、農(nong)業、生(sheng)態”等(deng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)模式新(xin)業態，依靠光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)低成本(ben)優(you)勢，著力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)非光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部分的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和效益。二是探索(suo)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)熱(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。積極(ji)推(tui)動太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)與建筑(zhu)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)，持續擴大(da)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)利(li)用(yong)(yong)在城鄉的(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)應用(yong)(yong)，積極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)暖、制冷技(ji)術(shu)，在學校、醫(yi)院、賓館(guan)、機關、廠礦等(deng)企事業單位(wei)鼓(gu)(gu)勵建設大(da)中型公用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)水工程。三(san)是探索(suo)“儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)＋光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)＋風電(dian)＋瓦斯發電(dian)＋甲醇發電(dian)＋氫氣發電(dian)＋光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)”的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)互(hu)補(bu)電(dian)站。為(wei)(wei)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)主動支撐，構(gou)建出力(li)(li)連(lian)續、可控(kong)可調(diao)、調(diao)峰靈活、幅(fu)度大(da)、品質(zhi)高的(de)(de)(de)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源供(gong)應系統(tong)(tong)，提(ti)(ti)高電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)(tong)對不穩(wen)定電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，促(cu)進(jin)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)規模的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。

注：本文作者單位分別為晉城市能源局、晉城市發改委。