日前,國家電(dian)網副(fu)總工(gong)程師兼(jian)國網能源(yuan)(yuan)研究院(yuan)執(zhi)行董事(院(yuan)長(chang))、黨委書記歐(ou)陽(yang)昌裕在《中國電(dian)力(li)報》刊(kan)發了《深(shen)入實施能源(yuan)(yuan)安全新(xin)戰略加快構(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統》的文章,文章分析指(zhi)出,當前光(guang)伏發電(dian)在全國大部分地區(qu)參與(yu)平衡能力(li)為0,新(xin)增風光(guang)裝(zhuang)機比重(zhong)約(yue)1:4,按此趨勢(shi)發展午間消(xiao)納問題難以解決,需要優化調整新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)結構(gou)和布(bu)局(ju);同(tong)時(shi)要加強對能源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)規(gui)劃與(yu)產業(ye)(ye)規(gui)劃協調性(xing)研究,重(zhong)點加強以地區(qu)間產業(ye)(ye)轉移協同(tong)推(tui)進新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)生產布(bu)局(ju)優化。
文章表(biao)示:優化(hua)(hua)調(diao)整(zheng)新能(neng)源結構(gou)和布局十分(fen)重要,當前新增風光(guang)裝機比重約1:4,按(an)此趨(qu)勢發(fa)展(zhan)午(wu)間(jian)消納問題難(nan)以解決,跨區調(diao)節互濟也面臨送受端特(te)性趨(qu)同現象。高度重視“就近平(ping)衡”,優先發(fa)展(zhan)具(ju)有“兩(liang)自(zi)四化(hua)(hua)”(自(zi)平(ping)衡、自(zi)安全,小微化(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)、數(shu)智化(hua)(hua)、共享化(hua)(hua))特(te)征的(de)自(zi)治型分(fen)布式新能(neng)源系(xi)統,與(yu)廣域大系(xi)統深度共融發(fa)展(zhan)。此外,在“三(san)北(bei)”地區加快推進(jin)光(guang)熱電(dian)站(zhan)發(fa)展(zhan)、盡(jin)快實現規模化(hua)(hua),提升(sheng)競爭(zheng)力。
全文如下:
深入實施能源安全新戰略加快構建新型電力系統
國(guo)(guo)家(jia)電網(wang)(wang)副總(zong)工程師兼國(guo)(guo)網(wang)(wang)能源研究院執行董(dong)事(院長)、黨委(wei)書(shu)記歐陽昌裕
作為(wei)世界最大(da)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費國,如何有效保(bao)障國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)和經濟(ji)社會發展,始終是我(wo)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展的首要問題(ti)。2014年6月,以(yi)習近(jin)平(ping)同(tong)志為(wei)核心的黨中央創造性(xing)提出(chu)“四個(ge)革(ge)命(ming)、一個(ge)合作”能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)新(xin)戰(zhan)略,既為(wei)我(wo)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發展明確了(le)戰(zhan)略方向,又為(wei)我(wo)國統籌能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高質量發展和高水平(ping)安(an)(an)全(quan)提供(gong)了(le)根本遵循,還(huan)為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改革(ge)發展向縱深推進提供(gong)了(le)科(ke)學方法(fa)論。
十年(nian)來,我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)保障(zhang)基礎(chu)不斷夯實,多元清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供應體系基本建成,能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全得到有效保障(zhang);能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術裝備(bei)水平快(kuai)速提升,新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)等(deng)作(zuo)為“新三樣”代表的高技術產(chan)業(ye)發展取得重大成果;能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)國(guo)際合作(zuo)全方位加強,開放共贏的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)新格(ge)局加快(kuai)形成;能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體制機制改(gai)革(ge)深入(ru)推(tui)進(jin),能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)治理效能(neng)(neng)充分釋(shi)放。著眼(yan)未(wei)來,新一輪(lun)科技革(ge)命和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變革(ge)深入(ru)發展,能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全態勢日趨(qu)復雜嚴峻(jun),發展過程(cheng)中的高度(du)不確定性正在形成常態。強化戰(zhan)略(lve)規劃引領,加快(kuai)構建新型電力系統,將成為能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高質量發展和(he)保障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全的重要抓手(shou)。
世界百年未有之大變局下,能源安全態勢嚴峻,大力發展新能源是保障國家能源安全的重要抓手。
當前來看,保能源(yuan)安全(quan)集中于(yu)地緣政(zheng)治動(dong)蕩導致(zhi)的海(hai)上(shang)戰略通道安全(quan)。中長(chang)期(qi)看,保能源(yuan)安全(quan)核心(xin)是降低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)對外采買,2023年(nian)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)石油(you)(you)(you)、天然氣(qi)年(nian)進(jin)口量分(fen)別(bie)超過5.7億噸和(he)1.2億噸,對外采買分(fen)別(bie)超過70%和(he)40%。推動(dong)能源(yuan)發展電(dian)氣(qi)化是保障(zhang)國(guo)(guo)家能源(yuan)安全(quan)的戰略方(fang)向,充分(fen)發揮我(wo)國(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)資源(yuan)稟賦、技(ji)術和(he)產業優(you)勢(shi),有(you)利于(yu)調整優(you)化當前以油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)資源(yuan)為基(ji)礎(chu)的能源(yuan)地緣政(zheng)治格(ge)局。國(guo)(guo)網能源(yuan)研(yan)究院研(yan)究表明,若(ruo)有(you)效推進(jin)電(dian)能替代油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi),供應側(ce)2030年(nian)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)裝機每提高1億千(qian)瓦,預計可(ke)降低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)對外采買峰(feng)值(zhi)0.8~1.1個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。
“十五五”及中長期電力需求將繼續保持較快增長,增速超過GDP增速,滿足巨大人口規模現代化帶來的巨大低碳能源消費需求成為巨大挑戰。
2023年(nian),電(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)增(zeng)速(su)(su)6.7%,超過GDP增(zeng)速(su)(su)1.5個百分點,2024年(nian)一(yi)季度全(quan)社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量2.34萬(wan)億千瓦時(shi),同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)9.8%。需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)快(kuai)速(su)(su)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的主要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)就是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)結構發生了(le)深刻變化,國家鼓勵“新(xin)三樣(yang)”、人工智能(neng)、綠電(dian)(dian)制氫等(deng)戰新(xin)產(chan)(chan)業、未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)(chan)業屬于(yu)“高耗電(dian)(dian)”產(chan)(chan)業,將在(zai)“十五五”期間繼續保(bao)持高速(su)(su)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),推動我國經濟持續平穩增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),加上終端電(dian)(dian)氣化水(shui)平持續提升,預計(ji)2030年(nian)全(quan)國全(quan)社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量為13萬(wan)億~13.7萬(wan)億千瓦時(shi),電(dian)(dian)力(li)彈性系數(shu)在(zai)1.0~1.2。預計(ji)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量快(kuai)速(su)(su)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)背景下,電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應區域性、時(shi)段(duan)性緊張可(ke)能(neng)成為常態化風險,必須(xu)創新(xin)解決人口規模(mo)巨大的現代化所帶來(lai)的能(neng)源消費剛性增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)、生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)(yao)素保(bao)障的嚴峻挑(tiao)戰。
大規模發展新能源是未來電力供給側改革的重中之重,需要高度重視和有效防范結構性極端性時段性局部缺電風險,確保“有效容量”兜底保障能力,構建多元化清潔能源供應體系。
綜(zong)合(he)考慮保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)、消納(na)、產(chan)業發展需(xu)求及系統成本變化趨勢(shi),依(yi)托國(guo)網能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)研究院(yuan)自主(zhu)研發的(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)規(gui)劃軟件(jian)GESP測(ce)算,到2030年(nian)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機總規(gui)模將達到50億(yi)千瓦以(yi)上(shang),其中新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝機26億(yi)千瓦以(yi)上(shang)。要(yao)在(zai)(zai)如此高比例新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)情況下(xia)做好電(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang),必須通(tong)盤謀劃,堅持系統思維。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)重點解決(jue)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“立”的(de)(de)問(wen)題,發揮新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)增(zeng)供(gong)(gong)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。近年(nian)來(lai),新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)出(chu)(chu)力(li)低于15%的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長約占全(quan)年(nian)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半(ban),風(feng)電(dian)參(can)與平(ping)衡能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)裝機容量的(de)(de)5%~15%,光(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)大(da)部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)參(can)與平(ping)衡能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0。尤其是連續多(duo)天出(chu)(chu)現無光(guang)(guang)無風(feng)氣(qi)象條件(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間低出(chu)(chu)力(li)將造成電(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)可靠性大(da)幅下(xia)降甚至出(chu)(chu)現缺(que)電(dian)。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)要(yao)重視傳統能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兜(dou)底保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等新(xin)技術保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。立足我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)煤(mei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎、國(guo)內供(gong)(gong)應(ying)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)基本國(guo)情,應(ying)統籌(chou)協調發展和利(li)用(yong)(yong)好各類能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),構建新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、煤(mei)炭(tan)、核電(dian)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等多(duo)類型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協同互補的(de)(de)多(duo)元(yuan)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)體系。對于儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)來(lai)說,2030年(nian)前仍以(yi)短時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日調節儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),在(zai)(zai)電(dian)力(li)缺(que)口(kou)較大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)飽和效應(ying),根據(ju)測(ce)算,一(yi)(yi)般缺(que)口(kou)在(zai)(zai)最(zui)大(da)負荷(he)10%以(yi)內時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)平(ping)衡系數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.9~1;缺(que)口(kou)在(zai)(zai)最(zui)大(da)負荷(he)10%~25%范圍(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)平(ping)衡系數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.4~0.9;缺(que)口(kou)超過(guo)最(zui)大(da)負荷(he)25%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),需(xu)要(yao)先配(pei)置其他保(bao)(bao)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),最(zui)后(hou)考慮儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也要(yao)充分(fen)挖掘需(xu)求側(ce)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)潛(qian)力(li),保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)力(li)安(an)全(quan)可靠供(gong)(gong)應(ying)。
新能源消納的壓力快速提升,連續多年維持的高利用率今年面臨下行拐點,要充分提升和挖掘系統調節能力,樹立合理利用率理念,因地制宜推動新能源高效消納。
2024年(nian)一(yi)(yi)季度(du)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)平(ping)(ping)均風光(guang)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)約(yue)(yue)為96%,均同比(bi)下降(jiang)。國(guo)(guo)網能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)研究(jiu)院測算,預計2030年(nian)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)將下降(jiang)到(dao)90%以下。隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占比(bi)上升(sheng),各類促進(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納(na)措施的實施效(xiao)果(guo)“邊際遞(di)減(jian)”,繼(ji)續(xu)維持高利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv),從(cong)技(ji)術(shu)和成(cheng)本上都存在巨大挑戰。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,國(guo)(guo)網能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)研究(jiu)院從(cong)全(quan)(quan)社會電力供應成(cheng)本角(jiao)度(du)出發(fa),多年(nian)來一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)提倡樹立(li)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合理(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)理(li)念,即結合新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)稟賦(fu)和系(xi)統(tong)(tong)消納(na)條件(jian),適度(du)降(jiang)低新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)水平(ping)(ping)有利(li)(li)于擴大未來發(fa)展(zhan)空間提高系(xi)統(tong)(tong)經濟(ji)性(xing),助力新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)。另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,優化(hua)(hua)(hua)調(diao)整新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構和布(bu)局十(shi)分重要,當前新(xin)(xin)增風光(guang)裝機比(bi)重約(yue)(yue)1:4,按(an)此趨(qu)勢(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)午間消納(na)問題難以解決,跨(kua)區(qu)調(diao)節互濟(ji)也面臨送受端特(te)性(xing)趨(qu)同現象(xiang)。高度(du)重視“就近平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)”,優先發(fa)展(zhan)具(ju)有“兩自(zi)四(si)化(hua)(hua)(hua)”(自(zi)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)、自(zi)安全(quan)(quan),小微化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠色化(hua)(hua)(hua)、數智化(hua)(hua)(hua)、共享化(hua)(hua)(hua))特(te)征的自(zi)治型分布(bu)式新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),與廣域(yu)大系(xi)統(tong)(tong)深度(du)共融發(fa)展(zhan)。此外,在“三北(bei)”地區(qu)加快(kuai)推進(jin)光(guang)熱電站發(fa)展(zhan)、盡快(kuai)實現規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua),提升(sheng)競爭(zheng)力。
發展新質生產力是黨中央的重要要求,要準確把握適應新型電力系統的關鍵技術創新,以系統思維一體化謀劃電力發展與技術創新布局,加快培育現代能源產業體系。
隨著“雙碳”目(mu)(mu)標(biao)的縱深推(tui)進,技(ji)術創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)面臨四方面重(zhong)大需(xu)求。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)供給方面,要(yao)(yao)持(chi)續突(tu)破新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高效(xiao)低成(cheng)本發(fa)(fa)電(dian)技(ji)術,同時(shi)煤(mei)炭在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)保障(zhang)的壓(ya)艙石和(he)穩(wen)定器定位(wei)在(zai)短期內不(bu)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)生根本性(xing)改變,預計(ji)2030年(nian)、2060年(nian)煤(mei)炭占(zhan)(zhan)一次能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費比重(zhong)分別為(wei)(wei)44%和(he)7%左右,迫切需(xu)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現其清潔(jie)高效(xiao)利用(yong)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)模式(shi)方面,電(dian)網作為(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)關鍵基礎(chu)設施(shi),迫切需(xu)要(yao)(yao)適應(ying)“沙戈荒”基地化開(kai)發(fa)(fa)等不(bu)同類型和(he)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)模式(shi)的可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大規(gui)模廣泛接入(ru)。顛覆性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)方面,氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)解決(jue)難以(yi)減(jian)排(pai)領域的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)手段,也是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)長(chang)周期平(ping)衡的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)載體,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)世界(jie)共(gong)識,預計(ji)2060年(nian),氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)占(zhan)(zhan)終端能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費的比重(zhong)將達到15%,迫切需(xu)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)現經濟(ji)性(xing)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)下氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)與可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)全(quan)環節一體化融合(he)(he)。此外,從能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)定位(wei)看,除了保障(zhang)工業、民生等基本用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求,我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)還承擔(dan)著空間(jian)探索等動力保障(zhang)重(zhong)任(ren),迫切需(xu)要(yao)(yao)突(tu)破模塊化小(xiao)型堆等新(xin)(xin)(xin)型核電(dian)技(ji)術。這些系(xi)統性(xing)科技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)立足長(chang)周期視角,將新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與科技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)產(chan)業轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級相(xiang)結合(he)(he),系(xi)統性(xing)培育(yu)和(he)謀劃顛覆性(xing)技(ji)術及(ji)其相(xiang)關產(chan)業,并要(yao)(yao)著眼構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)格局和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生產(chan)力,發(fa)(fa)揮新(xin)(xin)(xin)型舉國(guo)體制優勢,加強關鍵核心技(ji)術聯合(he)(he)攻關,強化科研成(cheng)果轉(zhuan)化運用(yong),把能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術及(ji)其關聯產(chan)業培育(yu)成(cheng)帶動我國(guo)產(chan)業升(sheng)級的新(xin)(xin)(xin)增(zeng)長(chang)點,促進新(xin)(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生產(chan)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
著力破解發展不平衡不充分問題已成為規劃的關鍵變量。
有(you)(you)必要(yao)加強(qiang)對能(neng)(neng)源電力規劃(hua)(hua)與產業(ye)(ye)(ye)規劃(hua)(hua)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)性研究,重(zhong)點(dian)加強(qiang)以地(di)區間產業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉移(yi)協(xie)同(tong)推(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源生(sheng)產布局(ju)(ju)(ju)優(you)化,即“西(xi)電西(xi)用,產業(ye)(ye)(ye)西(xi)移(yi)”。區域協(xie)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)戰略(lve)下用電需求增長潛(qian)力向中西(xi)部和(he)(he)東(dong)北轉移(yi),這將帶(dai)動發(fa)輸配用整體(ti)規劃(hua)(hua)布局(ju)(ju)(ju)調(diao)(diao)整。據測算,新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源每投資100億元,可提高社會總產出約(yue)為300億~400億元,貢(gong)獻GDP約(yue)80億元。未來需要(yao)結合資源和(he)(he)市場優(you)勢,以增量產業(ye)(ye)(ye)布局(ju)(ju)(ju)為重(zhong)點(dian),探(tan)索新(xin)(xin)(xin)的產業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉移(yi)模(mo)(mo)式。以新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源為代表的新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力系(xi)統產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈在西(xi)部地(di)區布局(ju)(ju)(ju)可以有(you)(you)效解(jie)決西(xi)部地(di)區產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)困境,同(tong)時促進西(xi)部新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源大規模(mo)(mo)就地(di)消(xiao)納(na)。“十五(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)”是新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源相(xiang)關(guan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)規劃(hua)(hua)布局(ju)(ju)(ju)的關(guan)鍵窗(chuang)口期(qi),需要(yao)把握時間窗(chuang)口,做好新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源產業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的頂層(ceng)設計和(he)(he)相(xiang)關(guan)配套協(xie)同(tong)。
電力行業碳達峰時間關乎全局,宜從全社會的經濟、安全、產業等角度統籌看待電力及各行業達峰時序。
社(she)會(hui)各(ge)方對(dui)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)的達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)時序(xu)存在(zai)不同意見。對(dui)我國(guo)來(lai)說,電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)碳(tan)(tan)排放達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)問題的本(ben)質是煤電(dian)發電(dian)量(liang)的達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)時間(jian)和峰(feng)(feng)值,需(xu)要從全社(she)會(hui)層(ceng)面(mian)統(tong)籌謀劃,明(ming)確工業(ye)、交通、建筑、電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)各(ge)部門(men)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)時間(jian)表,以保障(zhang)我國(guo)積極(ji)穩妥(tuo)在(zai)2030年(nian)前實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)。綜合研判,若要實(shi)現(xian)2030年(nian)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)與全社(she)會(hui)同步(bu)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng),可(ke)能面(mian)臨(lin)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應成本(ben)提(ti)升、極(ji)端天氣(qi)下(xia)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)保供(gong)風險增加(jia)、新能源(yuan)利(li)用率(lv)大幅下(xia)降等(deng)一系(xi)列(lie)風險,需(xu)要提(ti)前做(zuo)好風險應對(dui)預案或考(kao)慮“十六五(wu)”電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)達(da)(da)(da)(da)峰(feng)(feng)的可(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)。
習(xi)近平總書記在今年2月的中(zhong)共中(zhong)央政治局第(di)十二次集體學習(xi)時(shi)強(qiang)調,“我(wo)國能(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)仍面臨需求壓力巨(ju)大、供給制(zhi)約較多、綠色低碳轉型任務艱巨(ju)等一(yi)系列(lie)挑戰(zhan)。應對這些挑戰(zhan),出路(lu)就是大力發展(zhan)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)。”深(shen)入實施能(neng)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)新(xin)(xin)戰(zhan)略(lve),需要更大力度推動(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)高質量發展(zhan),要堅持問題導向和系統觀念,統籌(chou)發展(zhan)與安(an)全(quan)、統籌(chou)保供與轉型,“源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲碳數智(zhi)(zhi)治鏈(lian)”協同(tong)發力,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)科技驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)、市場帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)、政策聯動(dong)(dong),加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構建清潔低碳、安(an)全(quan)充裕、經濟高效、供需協同(tong)、靈(ling)活(huo)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)的新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力系統,為(wei)推進(jin)中(zhong)國式(shi)現代化提(ti)供能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力支撐。