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一、總體發展現狀

太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)（也稱光熱(re)發電(dian)）技術是通(tong)過反(fan)射鏡將太陽的(de)(de)(de)直接輻射聚焦到吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)器上，加熱(re)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)介質，將光能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)成熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，再(zai)利用(yong)汽輪發電(dian)機組(zu)發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)技術。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發電(dian)站通(tong)過配置儲熱(re)系統可(ke)(ke)(ke)以承擔基本負荷(he)或高峰負荷(he)，不受光照強度變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，發電(dian)功率(lv)穩(wen)定可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以實現(xian)24小時連續發電(dian)，具有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力輸(shu)出穩(wen)定性和可(ke)(ke)(ke)調度性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，增(zeng)強電(dian)力系統消(xiao)納可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，對(dui)構(gou)建新型能(neng)(neng)(neng)源體系具有重要(yao)意(yi)義。

截至2023年底(di)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)并(bing)(bing)網運行的太(tai)陽能熱發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組總容量為570MW。從(cong)地(di)(di)域分(fen)布來(lai)看，由(you)于(yu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)西北地(di)(di)區太(tai)陽能資源豐富(fu)，輻(fu)射強度高(gao)，因而國(guo)(guo)內已(yi)并(bing)(bing)網的太(tai)陽能熱電站集中(zhong)于(yu)西北地(di)(di)區。從(cong)技術(shu)路線(xian)來(lai)看，塔式、槽式和線(xian)性菲涅(nie)爾式機(ji)(ji)組的并(bing)(bing)網容量分(fen)別為370MW、150MW和50MW，各占64.9%、26.3%和8.8%。

二、技術和產業發展歷程

（一）技術儲備(bei)階段：多個(ge)具有自(zi)主(zhu)知識產(chan)權的小型試驗項目建成(cheng)，為規(gui)模化示范應用奠(dian)定(ding)基礎

我國(guo)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的研究(jiu)始于上世紀70年(nian)代，由于工藝及材料等薄(bo)弱環節的限制，最初(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)較(jiao)為緩慢。2005年(nian)，南京江(jiang)寧70kW塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗站(zhan)成(cheng)功(gong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，標(biao)志著我國(guo)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)進入(ru)(ru)試(shi)驗性(xing)示范階段。此后，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)被列入(ru)(ru)《國(guo)家中長期(qi)科(ke)學和(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)綱要（2006—2020）》、國(guo)家高技(ji)(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)計劃(hua)（863計劃(hua)）及國(guo)家重(zhong)點研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)計劃(hua)，2007年(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布的《可再(zai)生能(neng)源中長期(qi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)》也首(shou)次(ci)明確要求建(jian)(jian)設較(jiao)大(da)規模的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。經過國(guo)內(nei)高校(xiao)及科(ke)研院(yuan)(yuan)所的聯合研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，2012年(nian)起(qi)，不同技(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線、容(rong)量(liang)等級的具有完全自主知識(shi)產權的小(xiao)型試(shi)驗項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)陸續建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)投產。2012年(nian)8月，我國(guo)自主研發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、設計和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)設的亞洲首(shou)座(zuo)(zuo)兆瓦(wa)級太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)——中科(ke)院(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工所延慶1MW塔(ta)式(shi)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)歷經6年(nian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設期(qi)，首(shou)次(ci)實(shi)現成(cheng)功(gong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這是我國(guo)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)邁向產業(ye)化進程(cheng)的重(zhong)要里程(cheng)碑。2013年(nian)7月，我國(guo)首(shou)座(zuo)(zuo)并網發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的大(da)規模商業(ye)化太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，同時也是全球第六座(zuo)(zuo)實(shi)現商業(ye)化運營的塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)——青海(hai)中控德令哈10MW塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)成(cheng)功(gong)并網。同期(qi)，我國(guo)還建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了內(nei)蒙(meng)古三(san)花(hua)綠色太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)城項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)一期(qi)1MW碟式(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、江(jiang)蘇鑫晨300kW二次(ci)反射塔(ta)式(shi)系統太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)驗項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)等。

這一階(jie)段，我國初步(bu)具(ju)備了商業(ye)化(hua)太(tai)陽能(neng)熱發電(dian)(dian)站成套設備的供貨能(neng)力，但(dan)由(you)于國內缺乏(fa)太(tai)陽能(neng)熱發電(dian)(dian)的市場需求，尚(shang)未(wei)形(xing)成完整的產業(ye)鏈。

（二）商業化示(shi)范項目(mu)建設運(yun)行階段：首批(pi)示(shi)范項目(mu)集中建設運(yun)行，裝機(ji)容(rong)量迅速增長

2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)，國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)建設太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)通知》，啟(qi)動(dong)首(shou)批20個太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。同月(yue)(yue)(yue)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)的(de)(de)通知》，規定2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)31日前全部投運的(de)(de)首(shou)批示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行1.15元(yuan)/kWh（含稅）標桿上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。國家(jia)首(shou)批示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)清單和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)的(de)(de)落(luo)地加速我(wo)國太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術走向成(cheng)(cheng)熟，開(kai)啟(qi)了商業(ye)化(hua)進程(cheng)。自(zi)2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)起，多個示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)，裝機容量快(kuai)速擴張。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)，我(wo)國首(shou)個大型商業(ye)化(hua)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)——中(zhong)(zhong)廣核德令哈50MW槽式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)，首(shou)航(hang)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)敦煌(huang)100MW熔鹽塔(ta)式(shi)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)德令哈50MW熔鹽塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，分別成(cheng)(cheng)為我(wo)國首(shou)個100MW和(he)50MW的(de)(de)塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)，世界(jie)首(shou)例商業(ye)化(hua)運行的(de)(de)線性菲(fei)涅(nie)爾式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)——蘭州大成(cheng)(cheng)敦煌(huang)50MW菲(fei)涅(nie)爾太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)，我(wo)國首(shou)座(zuo)百兆瓦級槽式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)——烏拉特中(zhong)(zhong)旗100MW槽式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)。同期，中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建共和(he)50MW熔鹽塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)多個示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)。除首(shou)批太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外，2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)，我(wo)國首(shou)個風(feng)、光、熱(re)、儲多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)——魯能(neng)(neng)(neng)海西(xi)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補集成(cheng)(cheng)優化(hua)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)50MW塔(ta)式(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)并(bing)(bing)(bing)網(wang)(wang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)。

這一階段(duan)，在(zai)首批示范項目(mu)建設(she)運行的(de)(de)推動(dong)下，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)太陽能熱(re)(re)發電技(ji)術水(shui)平快速(su)進步(bu)，裝備(bei)(bei)制造水(shui)平不斷提高，形成了(le)完整的(de)(de)產(chan)業鏈，國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)(hua)率達到90%以上。在(zai)聚光、吸熱(re)(re)、儲熱(re)(re)和換熱(re)(re)技(ji)術及(ji)電站系統(tong)集(ji)成等(deng)方面已(yi)經與世界同步(bu)，部(bu)分(fen)達到國(guo)(guo)際(ji)先進水(shui)平，自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)研發了(le)大量(liang)適應國(guo)(guo)內自(zi)然條件的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)技(ji)術，涌(yong)現了(le)一批具有商業電站供貨(huo)業績和國(guo)(guo)際(ji)競爭力(li)的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)(bei)和材料生產(chan)企業。反射鏡、真空集(ji)熱(re)(re)管等(deng)槽(cao)式(shi)集(ji)熱(re)(re)場主(zhu)(zhu)要設(she)備(bei)(bei)和定日(ri)鏡、吸熱(re)(re)器等(deng)塔式(shi)鏡場主(zhu)(zhu)要設(she)備(bei)(bei)均實(shi)現國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)(hua)，產(chan)品(pin)關鍵(jian)技(ji)術指標(biao)與國(guo)(guo)際(ji)一流供貨(huo)商的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)基本相(xiang)當。熔(rong)鹽儲罐實(shi)現國(guo)(guo)產(chan)化(hua)(hua)設(she)計制造和加(jia)工，在(zai)第(di)一批太陽能熱(re)(re)發電示范項目(mu)中得到應用。部(bu)分(fen)設(she)備(bei)(bei)和材料仍需進口，如槽(cao)式(shi)導(dao)熱(re)(re)油系統(tong)旋(xuan)轉接頭(tou)、導(dao)熱(re)(re)油泵、熔(rong)鹽泵、反射鏡保(bao)護(hu)用油漆和陶瓷粘(zhan)結(jie)劑及(ji)部(bu)分(fen)儀(yi)表閥門等(deng)。

國(guo)際項(xiang)目方面(mian)，我國(guo)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)企(qi)(qi)業積極(ji)參與海外市場。2015年，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)西北電(dian)(dian)力設計院和(he)山東電(dian)(dian)建(jian)三(san)公(gong)司(si)通(tong)過(guo)競標得到了摩洛哥努奧太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的設計和(he)建(jian)設工作，機(ji)組(zu)于2018年10月(yue)(yue)正式(shi)(shi)(shi)投運。首(shou)批示范(fan)項(xiang)目的建(jian)設為我國(guo)太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)相關企(qi)(qi)業積累(lei)了工程經驗，開(kai)創(chuang)了商業電(dian)(dian)站的工程業績，進一步(bu)推動光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)產(chan)(chan)業走(zou)出(chu)國(guo)門(men)。2018年12月(yue)(yue)，由上海電(dian)(dian)氣集團股份有限公(gong)司(si)擔任EPC總承包的迪拜950MW光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)光(guang)(guang)伏一體化項(xiang)目正式(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)工。該(gai)項(xiang)目太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)700MW，包括(kuo)1座(zuo)100MW塔式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)3座(zuo)200MW槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)站，其中(zhong)(zhong)槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)1號(hao)機(ji)組(zu)于2022年11月(yue)(yue)首(shou)次并網發電(dian)(dian)，塔式(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)組(zu)經過(guo)全面(mian)調試后于2023年2月(yue)(yue)實現滿負荷(he)運行(xing)，槽式(shi)(shi)(shi)2號(hao)和(he)3號(hao)機(ji)組(zu)分別(bie)于2023年10月(yue)(yue)和(he)2023年12月(yue)(yue)并網發電(dian)(dian)。2019年11月(yue)(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)葛洲壩國(guo)際公(gong)司(si)和(he)浙江中(zhong)(zhong)控太陽能(neng)(neng)公(gong)司(si)組(zu)成(cheng)的聯營體在希臘(la)成(cheng)功(gong)簽署建(jian)設MINOS 50MW太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的多邊合作協議(yi)，這是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)太陽能(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業首(shou)次以“技術+裝(zhuang)備+工程+資金+運營”的全生命周期(qi)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)走(zou)出(chu)國(guo)門(men)。

（三）風光熱一(yi)體化建設階段(duan)：從獨立電(dian)站向多能(neng)(neng)源協同發展，多個(ge)“光熱+光伏(fu)/風電(dian)”多能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補示范項目投入(ru)建設

2021年(nian)6月，國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改(gai)革委(wei)《關于2021年(nian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)有關事項(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》明(ming)確(que)，2021年(nian)起(qi)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)核準(zhun)（備案）光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)由當(dang)地(di)(di)省(sheng)級價(jia)(jia)格(ge)主管部(bu)門制定，具(ju)備條件的(de)(de)(de)可通過競爭性(xing)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)形成(cheng)(cheng)，上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)高于當(dang)地(di)(di)燃煤發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)，基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)(jia)以內的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業結算(suan)。由于不再享受(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)央財政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)補(bu)貼(tie)政(zheng)策(ce)，同時，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本無法向(xiang)后端傳導，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)投資建(jian)(jian)設幾乎停滯。2021年(nian)10月，國(guo)務(wu)院印發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)《2030年(nian)前碳達峰行動方(fang)(fang)(fang)案》中(zhong)(zhong)明(ming)確(que)提出(chu)積(ji)極發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，推(tui)動建(jian)(jian)立太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)調(diao)(diao)節的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)綜合可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)(di)。在(zai)該(gai)《方(fang)(fang)(fang)案》的(de)(de)(de)引領下，隨著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)第(di)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)大型(xing)(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)基(ji)地(di)(di)項(xiang)(xiang)目全面開工以及第(di)二(er)批(pi)、第(di)三(san)批(pi)大基(ji)地(di)(di)項(xiang)(xiang)目陸續推(tui)進(jin)，多個省(sheng)市出(chu)臺了太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站與(yu)其他(ta)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)打捆建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策(ce)，有效促進(jin)了太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術推(tui)廣應用，使(shi)首(shou)批(pi)示范后陷入沉寂的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)業迎來(lai)(lai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)波發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)潮。內蒙古(gu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區2022年(nian)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)《蒙西新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統建(jian)(jian)設行動方(fang)(fang)(fang)案（1.0版）》指出(chu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)和系統支撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，布局建(jian)(jian)設長時儲(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)型(xing)(xing)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目，推(tui)動太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設運行。新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆維吾爾自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區2023年(nian)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)《關于加快推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)及關聯(lian)產(chan)業協同發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》明(ming)確(que)指出(chu)，以風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)與(yu)儲(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)型(xing)(xing)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)滿足園(yuan)區新(xin)(xin)(xin)增用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)與(yu)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)比例為9∶1；風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)比例按9×（上(shang)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)度區域光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)平(ping)均利(li)用小時數/風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)均利(li)用小時數）∶1計算(suan)，原(yuan)則上(shang)不超過6∶1。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)從單體(ti)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)轉向(xiang)配(pei)(pei)合風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)等新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面承(cheng)擔新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)作用，實現以新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)節、支撐新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調(diao)(diao)峰等需求，解決新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機容量(liang)大幅增長帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)并網消納問題(ti)；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面通過多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)提高經濟性(xing)。截至(zhi)2023年(nian)底，在(zai)各地(di)(di)政(zheng)府公布的(de)(de)(de)名單中(zhong)(zhong)，我(wo)國(guo)各省(sheng)和自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區在(zai)建(jian)(jian)和擬建(jian)(jian)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目約43個，總(zong)裝機容量(liang)約4800MW，預計于2025年(nian)前全部(bu)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)。

這(zhe)一(yi)階(jie)段，在市場(chang)需求的帶動下，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈得到了(le)進(jin)一(yi)步發(fa)展(zhan)。多(duo)條太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)專用(yong)部(bu)件(jian)和(he)裝備生產(chan)(chan)(chan)線建(jian)成投產(chan)(chan)(chan)，具備了(le)支撐太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)大(da)規模發(fa)展(zhan)的供應能(neng)力。相關企業(ye)自主開發(fa)了(le)熔鹽泵、熔鹽閥、旋(xuan)轉接(jie)頭、吸熱器(qi)管材等部(bu)件(jian)替代(dai)進(jin)口產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，并(bing)已(yi)開始在投運(yun)的機組上試(shi)用(yong)。

三、發展趨勢展望

2023年3月，國(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)局《關于推動光熱(re)(re)發電規模(mo)化發展(zhan)有(you)關事項的通知》提出力爭“十四五”期間，全(quan)國(guo)光熱(re)(re)發電每年新(xin)增開(kai)工(gong)規模(mo)達到300萬千瓦(wa)左右，標(biao)志(zhi)著我國(guo)太(tai)陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)發電進入規模(mo)化發展(zhan)的新(xin)階(jie)段。在構建(jian)新(xin)型能源(yuan)體系總(zong)體目標(biao)的引領(ling)下，我國(guo)太(tai)陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)發電產業將呈現如下發展(zhan)趨勢：

一是(shi)在產業(ye)(ye)鏈自(zi)主化方(fang)面(mian)，太陽(yang)能(neng)熱發(fa)(fa)電關鍵裝備加快(kuai)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)全(quan)面(mian)國產化替代。為打破(po)進口(kou)依賴，保障(zhang)產業(ye)(ye)安全(quan)穩定發(fa)(fa)展，熔鹽泵、熔鹽閥、熔鹽流量計、旋轉接頭等工況(kuang)環境嚴苛、技術參數(shu)要(yao)求高的關鍵部件(jian)需(xu)盡快(kuai)攻克“卡脖子”難題，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)完(wan)全(quan)自(zi)主可控(kong)。

二是在應(ying)用(yong)(yong)創新方面，發(fa)(fa)揮太(tai)陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電各條技術路線的優勢，拓展應(ying)用(yong)(yong)場景(jing)。例(li)如將太(tai)陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)與傳統火電廠熱(re)(re)力系(xi)統通過不同(tong)方式耦合互(hu)補，在機組發(fa)(fa)電量不變的前(qian)提下，太(tai)陽(yang)能熱(re)(re)系(xi)統能夠替代部(bu)分(fen)燃煤(mei)消耗。除發(fa)(fa)電外，在工(gong)商(shang)業場景(jing)開展供應(ying)工(gong)業蒸汽、供暖等多元(yuan)化應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。

三是(shi)在技(ji)術創(chuang)新方面，加(jia)快寬(kuan)溫域熔鹽、液態金屬(shu)儲能(neng)介質、顆粒儲熱介質、塔(ta)式光熱發電(dian)與(yu)超(chao)臨界二氧(yang)化(hua)碳發電(dian)結(jie)合等前沿技(ji)術研(yan)發，支撐太陽能(neng)熱發電(dian)產業規模化(hua)發展(zhan)。

作者：許雪(xue)荃，李博，徐東杰（電力規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)總(zong)院(yuan)）。