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7月8日，中國電力企業聯合會(以下簡稱“中電聯”)發布《中國電力行業年度發展報告2021》(簡稱“《報告2021》”)。

2006年以來，中(zhong)電(dian)聯(lian)以電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)統計與(yu)調查數(shu)據(ju)為依托，以企業(ye)和(he)相關機構提供的(de)資料(liao)為補(bu)充(chong)，按年度(du)組織(zhi)編(bian)制(zhi)并第一(yi)時(shi)間發(fa)布(bu)《中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)年度(du)發(fa)展報告》，力(li)求全面、客觀、準確反映中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展與(yu)改革情況①。為深入、系(xi)統、專(zhuan)業(ye)地展示電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)各專(zhuan)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)發(fa)展情況，中(zhong)電(dian)聯(lian)同時(shi)組織(zhi)編(bian)撰(zhuan)了國(guo)際合作、電(dian)力(li)工(gong)程建設質量、標準化(hua)、可(ke)靠性、人才、電(dian)力(li)供需分析、造(zao)價管理、電(dian)氣化(hua)、信息化(hua)等專(zhuan)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)年度(du)系(xi)列(lie)報告，以進一(yi)步(bu)滿足各專(zhuan)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)讀者的(de)需求。

《報告2021》顯示，2020年，電(dian)力(li)行業(ye)堅(jian)(jian)持習(xi)近平新(xin)時代中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社會(hui)主義思想為指導，全(quan)面貫徹黨(dang)的(de)十(shi)九大和(he)(he)十(shi)九屆二中(zhong)(zhong)、三(san)中(zhong)(zhong)、四中(zhong)(zhong)、五中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)精神(shen)，按照黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務(wu)院決策部署(shu)，積(ji)極推(tui)進電(dian)力(li)企業(ye)疫情(qing)防控(kong)和(he)(he)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)復(fu)產，為全(quan)社會(hui)疫情(qing)防控(kong)和(he)(he)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)復(fu)產、復(fu)商復(fu)市提供堅(jian)(jian)強的(de)電(dian)力(li)保障;積(ji)極推(tui)進構建以新(xin)能源為主體的(de)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)建設，為推(tui)動實現國(guo)家(jia)碳達(da)峰碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)目標做出積(ji)極貢獻(xian)。

一、電力消費與生產供應

2020年，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)全(quan)社(she)會用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)75214億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時②，比上年增(zeng)長3.2%，增(zeng)速(su)比上年下降1.2個百分(fen)點;全(quan)國(guo)(guo)人均用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)5331千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時/人，比上年增(zeng)加145千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時/人;全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)力供(gong)需形勢總體平衡，部分(fen)地(di)區有富余，局部地(di)區用電(dian)高峰時段電(dian)力供(gong)應(ying)偏緊，疫情防控(kong)(kong)期間電(dian)力供(gong)應(ying)充足可靠，為(wei)全(quan)社(she)會疫情防控(kong)(kong)和國(guo)(guo)民經濟發(fa)展提(ti)供(gong)堅強電(dian)力保障。

截至2020年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底，全國全口徑(jing)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量220204萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)9.6%。其(qi)中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)37028萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.4%(抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)3149萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.0%);火電(dian)(dian)(dian)124624萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.8%(煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)107912萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3.7%;氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)9972萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)10.5%);核電(dian)(dian)(dian)4989萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)2.4%;并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)28165萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)34.7%;并網(wang)太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)25356萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)24.1%。

2020年(nian)(nian)，全國(guo)全口徑(jing)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為76264億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.1%，增(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)下降0.7個百分點。其中,水電(dian)(dian)(dian)13553億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.1%(抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)335億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.0%);火電(dian)(dian)(dian)51770億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.6%(煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)46296億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.7%;天然氣2525億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)8.6%);核電(dian)(dian)(dian)3662億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)5.0%;并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)4665億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15.1%;并網(wang)太陽能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2611億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)16.6%。

截至2020年(nian)年(nian)底，初步(bu)統(tong)計全國(guo)(guo)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)輸電(dian)線路(lu)回(hui)路(lu)長(chang)(chang)度79.4萬千(qian)(qian)米(mi)，比上(shang)年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)4.6%;全國(guo)(guo)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)變電(dian)設備容量45.3億千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)安(an)，比上(shang)年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)4.9%;全國(guo)(guo)跨(kua)區輸電(dian)能(neng)力達(da)到15615萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(跨(kua)區網(wang)(wang)對網(wang)(wang)輸電(dian)能(neng)力14281萬千(qian)(qian)瓦;跨(kua)區點(dian)對網(wang)(wang)送(song)電(dian)能(neng)力1334萬千(qian)(qian)瓦)。2020年(nian)全國(guo)(guo)跨(kua)區送(song)電(dian)量完成6474億千(qian)(qian)瓦時，比上(shang)年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)13.3%。

二、電力投資與建設

2020年(nian)(nian)，全國主要電(dian)(dian)力企業(ye)合計(ji)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)10189億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)22.8%。全國電(dian)(dian)源工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)5292億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)29.5%。其(qi)中(zhong)，水電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)1067億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)17.9%;火(huo)電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)568億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)27.3%;核電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)379億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)18.0%;風電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)2653億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)71.0%;太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)625億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)62.2%。全國電(dian)(dian)網(wang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)4896億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)2.3%。其(qi)中(zhong)，直(zhi)流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)532億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)113.4%;交流工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)4188億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)7.5%，占電(dian)(dian)網(wang)總投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)的85.5%。

2020年，全(quan)國新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)發電裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量19144萬(wan)千瓦，比上年多投產(chan)8643萬(wan)千瓦。其中，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)水電1313萬(wan)千瓦(新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)抽水蓄能120萬(wan)千瓦)，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)火電5660萬(wan)千瓦(新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)煤電4030萬(wan)千瓦，燃(ran)氣824萬(wan)千瓦)，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)核電112萬(wan)千瓦，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)并網風電裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量7211萬(wan)千瓦，新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)并網太(tai)陽能發電裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量4820萬(wan)千瓦。

2020年，全年新增(zeng)交(jiao)流110千(qian)(qian)伏及以上輸電線(xian)路(lu)長度和(he)變電設備容量(liang)57237千(qian)(qian)米(mi)和(he)31292萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)伏安，分別(bie)比上年下降1.2%和(he)2.0%。全年新投產(chan)直流輸電線(xian)路(lu)4444千(qian)(qian)米(mi)，新投產(chan)換(huan)流容量(liang)5200萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。

三、電力綠色發展

截至2020年(nian)年(nian)底，全(quan)國全(quan)口徑非化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)發電裝機容(rong)量(liang)98566萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)，比上年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)16.8%。2020年(nian)，非化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)發電量(liang)25830億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，比上年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)7.9%。達到超低排放限值的煤電機組約(yue)(yue)9.5億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，約(yue)(yue)占全(quan)國煤電總裝機容(rong)量(liang)88%。全(quan)年(nian)累計完成替(ti)代(dai)電量(liang)2252.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時③，比上年(nian)增長(chang)(chang)9.0%，且替(ti)代(dai)電量(liang)逐年(nian)提高。

2020年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國6000千(qian)(qian)瓦及(ji)以上(shang)(shang)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)標準煤耗304.9克/千(qian)(qian)瓦時，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)降低1.5克/千(qian)(qian)瓦時;全(quan)國6000千(qian)(qian)瓦及(ji)以上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)廠(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)率4.65%，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)下降0.02個百分點(dian);全(quan)國線損(sun)率5.60%，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)下降0.33個百分點(dian)。

2020年(nian)，全國電(dian)力(li)煙(yan)塵(chen)、二(er)氧化硫(liu)、氮氧化物(wu)排(pai)放量分(fen)別(bie)約為15.5萬噸(dun)、78.0萬噸(dun)、87.4萬噸(dun)，分(fen)別(bie)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)15.1%、12.7%、6.3%;單(dan)位火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量煙(yan)塵(chen)、二(er)氧化硫(liu)、氮氧化物(wu)排(pai)放分(fen)別(bie)為0.032克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時、0.160克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時、0.179克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時，分(fen)別(bie)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)0.006克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時、0.027克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時、0.016克(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時。

2020年(nian)，全(quan)國單位火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)約(yue)832克/千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)2005年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)20.6%;全(quan)國單位發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)約(yue)565克/千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)2005年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)34.1%。以2005年(nian)為(wei)(wei)基準年(nian)，從2006年(nian)到(dao)2020年(nian)，通過發(fa)展(zhan)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能源、降(jiang)(jiang)低供電(dian)煤(mei)耗(hao)和線(xian)損率等措施(shi)，電(dian)力行業累(lei)計減(jian)少二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排(pai)(pai)放(fang)約(yue)185.3億(yi)噸。其中，非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能源發(fa)展(zhan)貢(gong)獻率為(wei)(wei)62%，供電(dian)煤(mei)耗(hao)降(jiang)(jiang)低對電(dian)力行業二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳減(jian)排(pai)(pai)貢(gong)獻率為(wei)(wei)36%，降(jiang)(jiang)低線(xian)損的二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳減(jian)排(pai)(pai)貢(gong)獻率為(wei)(wei)2.6%。

四、電力企業經營

根據國家統計(ji)(ji)局統計(ji)(ji)，2020年(nian)(nian)底(di)，全國規模以(yi)上電力企(qi)業資(zi)(zi)產(chan)總額(e)165813億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比上年(nian)(nian)增長5.8%。其中(zhong)，發電企(qi)業資(zi)(zi)產(chan)總額(e)94724億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比上年(nian)(nian)增長4.2%;電力供應企(qi)業資(zi)(zi)產(chan)總額(e)71089億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，比上年(nian)(nian)增長7.9%。

2020年(nian)(nian)，規模以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)95971億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長4.7%。其中，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升1.9%(火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)下降3.4%，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升4.5%);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)總額(e)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.0%。規模以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)57.9%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)降低0.6個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。其中，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)64.5%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)降低1.5個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)(zhai)率為(wei)49.1%,比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升0.9個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。2020年(nian)(nian)，規模以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤(run)總額(e)4010億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長2.8%。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤(run)總額(e)3523億(yi)元(yuan)，但大型發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集(ji)團(tuan)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務繼(ji)續(xu)總體虧損(sun)。風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利潤(run)增(zeng)(zeng)速分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)16.3%和3.0%，但現金(jin)流(liu)短缺,導致企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資金(jin)周轉困難。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利潤(run)總額(e)486億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)下降49.6%;虧損(sun)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)虧損(sun)額(e)為(wei)210億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長42.7%。

五、電力市場化改革

2020年(nian)，國(guo)家制定(ding)出臺了省級電(dian)網和(he)區域電(dian)網第(di)二(er)監管周期(qi)(2020-2022年(nian))輸配電(dian)價，公(gong)布(bu)了第(di)五批增量配電(dian)業務改革試點，電(dian)力市(shi)場建設(she)進(jin)一步推進(jin)。

2020年，全國各電(dian)力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)中心組織完成市(shi)場交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)量(liang)④31663億千瓦時，同比(bi)(bi)增長(chang)11.7%。其中，全國電(dian)力市(shi)場電(dian)力直接(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)量(liang)⑤合計為(wei)24760億千瓦時，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年增長(chang)13.7%，占全社會用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)比(bi)(bi)重為(wei)32.9%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年提高(gao)2.8個百(bai)分點，占電(dian)網企業售(shou)電(dian)量(liang)比(bi)(bi)重為(wei)40.2%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)年提高(gao)3.3個百(bai)分點。全國電(dian)力市(shi)場化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規模再上(shang)(shang)新(xin)臺階。

六、電力標準化、科技與信息化

2020年，經有關政府(fu)部門下(xia)達中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯歸口的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)計(ji)劃291項(xiang)，批準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯歸口的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)共233項(xiang);中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯下(xia)達團體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)計(ji)劃304項(xiang)，發(fa)(fa)布(bu)團體(ti)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)192項(xiang)。截至2020年年底，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)共有3600余項(xiang)。水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)完善(shan)了(le)(le)水輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的產(chan)品、安裝、運行維(wei)護(hu)、試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更加關注“新技(ji)術、新工(gong)藝、新材料、新設備(bei)、新產(chan)品”等(deng)五新技(ji)術的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)常規島運行維(wei)護(hu)、施(shi)工(gong)驗(yan)收、設備(bei)設施(shi)、調試(shi)、測(ce)試(shi)與試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)領域(yu)加快標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂，光伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)分布(bu)式光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站集中(zhong)運維(wei)、光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站功率控制(zhi)(zhi)、光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站項(xiang)目(mu)管理等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)了(le)(le)相(xiang)關國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、行業標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網方(fang)面(mian)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)和制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網領域(yu)相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，建立了(le)(le)±800千伏特高(gao)壓(ya)直流標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)無線充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統系列(lie)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的發(fa)(fa)布(bu)填補(bu)了(le)(le)我國在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)無線充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術領域(yu)國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規范的空白。

2020年，主要電力(li)(li)企業科技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投入資金1113.0億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)電企業510.4億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，電網企業387.7億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，電建企業214.9億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。主要電力(li)(li)企業申請國(guo)內(nei)專(zhuan)利63082項(xiang)，授權(quan)37158項(xiang)，累計有(you)效(xiao)211554項(xiang);申請涉外專(zhuan)利613項(xiang)，授權(quan)268項(xiang)，累計有(you)效(xiao)863項(xiang)。發(fa)電技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和裝(zhuang)備(bei)不斷向(xiang)高(gao)參數、大容量、高(gao)效(xiao)及低(di)排放方向(xiang)發(fa)展，鞏固(gu)了我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)超超臨界燃(ran)煤發(fa)電技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、循(xun)環流化床燃(ran)燒技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、水(shui)電站建設技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、第(di)三(san)代核電技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、風(feng)力(li)(li)發(fa)電技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)及裝(zhuang)備(bei)制造等方面的領先優勢。電網領域在(zai)(zai)電網安全高(gao)效(xiao)運行(xing)、互聯網與(yu)(yu)電網應(ying)用融合(he)、新(xin)(xin)能源與(yu)(yu)儲能并網控(kong)制、電工(gong)新(xin)(xin)材料與(yu)(yu)器件、高(gao)端電工(gong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)等方向(xiang)開展集中(zhong)(zhong)攻關(guan)、示范(fan)試驗和推廣應(ying)用。

2020年，電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業加(jia)(jia)(jia)大信息化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)投入，夯(hang)實(shi)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)基(ji)礎(chu)數字(zi)技術(shu)(shu)平(ping)臺，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構建(jian)(jian)數據治理體(ti)系，著力(li)提升(sheng)信息安全(quan)防護水平(ping);加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)新型(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)核心技術(shu)(shu)攻關，推進數字(zi)產業化(hua)(hua)發展;加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)制定數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)規(gui)劃(hua)和路線圖，協同(tong)推進數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)工作，著力(li)打造電(dian)(dian)力(li)企業數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)示范，電(dian)(dian)力(li)信息化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)進入新階段。

七、電力國際合作

2020年，中國主要電力企業對(dui)外(wai)直接投(tou)資總(zong)金額78.5億美(mei)元(yuan)，同比上升84.3%;對(dui)外(wai)直接投(tou)資項目(mu)共32個，主要涉及(ji)火電、新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、水電、輸變電、礦(kuang)產資源(yuan)及(ji)儲能(neng)(neng)等領域，為項目(mu)所在地直接創造5.9萬(wan)個就業崗位。

2020年，中(zhong)國(guo)主要電力企業年度新(xin)(xin)簽合同項(xiang)(xiang)目131個(ge)，合同金額(e)271.7億美元，同比(bi)增長12.8%，為(wei)當地創(chuang)造就業崗位3.2萬個(ge)。新(xin)(xin)簽境外(wai)工程(cheng)承包(bao)項(xiang)(xiang)目涉及51個(ge)國(guo)家和(he)地區，其中(zhong)亞(ya)洲和(he)非洲項(xiang)(xiang)目占(zhan)比(bi)最多，分別為(wei)59.5%和(he)21.3%。

2020年，中(zhong)國主要電力企業年度出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)電力裝備(bei)總額(e)(e)22.3億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，比上(shang)年降低10.1%;其(qi)中(zhong)，設(she)備(bei)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)(e)4.2億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，境外(wai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)帶動(dong)裝備(bei)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)(e)18.1億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)。電力技(ji)術服(fu)務出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)總額(e)(e)11.2億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，同比減(jian)少(shao)14.5%;其(qi)中(zhong)，直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)技(ji)術服(fu)務5.3億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)，境外(wai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)帶動(dong)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)技(ji)術服(fu)務5.9億(yi)美(mei)元(yuan)(yuan)。

截至2020年(nian)年(nian)底，中(zhong)國(guo)與俄羅(luo)斯、蒙(meng)古國(guo)、越南和緬甸等周邊國(guo)家跨(kua)國(guo)電(dian)力交易初(chu)步實現。初(chu)步統計(ji)，中(zhong)國(guo)與鄰(lin)國(guo)的(de)合計(ji)完成(cheng)電(dian)量(liang)交換87億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，比(bi)上年(nian)增長1.8%。其中(zhong)，購(gou)入電(dian)量(liang)45億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，增長1.4%;送出電(dian)量(liang)42億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，增長2.2%。

回顧“十三五”，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)繼續保持較快增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)，綜合實力(li)邁上(shang)(shang)新(xin)臺階，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)清潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)發展(zhan)進(jin)入新(xin)階段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)科技自主創(chuang)新(xin)取得新(xin)成就，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改革(ge)開(kai)啟新(xin)篇章，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)國(guo)際合作開(kai)創(chuang)新(xin)局面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)進(jin)程達到(dao)(dao)(dao)新(xin)水平(ping)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)高質量(liang)發展(zhan)取得新(xin)進(jin)展(zhan)。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)全(quan)(quan)口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量(liang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)年(nian)底的(de)15.3億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)年(nian)底的(de)22.0億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，年(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速為7.6%;全(quan)(quan)國(guo)全(quan)(quan)口徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)的(de)57399億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)76264億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速為5.8%;全(quan)(quan)社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)的(de)56933億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)75214億(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速為5.7%;非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機占(zhan)比由2015年(nian)的(de)34.9%上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)44.8%;非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)比從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)的(de)27.3%上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)33.9%;人(ren)均(jun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)4142千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)/人(ren)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)5331千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)/人(ren);電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)在(zai)終端能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費中占(zhan)比從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)2015年(nian)的(de)22.1%提升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)2019年(nian)的(de)26.4%。

展望“十四五”，在(zai)碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中和背景(jing)下，我(wo)(wo)國用(yong)電(dian)(dian)呈現剛(gang)性(xing)、持續增(zeng)長，電(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業(ye)既(ji)面臨自(zi)身達(da)峰的艱(jian)巨任(ren)務，也要(yao)支撐全(quan)社會盡早達(da)峰，后續電(dian)(dian)能替代潛力(li)巨大，全(quan)社會電(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)(hua)程度將(jiang)穩步上升。雙循環發展新格局帶動用(yong)電(dian)(dian)持續增(zeng)長，新舊動能轉換，傳統高(gao)耗能行(xing)業(ye)增(zeng)速(su)下降，高(gao)新技術及裝備制造業(ye)和現代服務業(ye)將(jiang)成為(wei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)增(zeng)長的主要(yao)推動力(li)量(liang)。新型城鎮化(hua)(hua)建設將(jiang)推動電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求剛(gang)性(xing)增(zeng)長。綜合考慮節能意識和能效水平(ping)提升等因(yin)素(su)，預計2025年我(wo)(wo)國全(quan)社會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)為(wei)9.5萬億(yi)千(qian)瓦時以上，“十四五”期間年均(jun)增(zeng)速(su)超過4.8%。為(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)開啟全(quan)面建設社會主義現代化(hua)(hua)國家新征程的電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求，預計2025年我(wo)(wo)國發電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量(liang)為(wei)29.0億(yi)千(qian)瓦，非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能源發電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)占比達(da)到52%。

注：

①報告中(zhong)涉及的(de)全國(guo)性統計指標(biao)，除特殊說明外，均(jun)未包括香港特別(bie)行政區(qu)、澳(ao)門特別(bie)行政區(qu)和臺灣省數(shu)據(ju)。

②2020年電力數據(ju)均來自中電聯(lian)2020年度統(tong)計(ji)(ji)數據(ju)(簡稱“年報數據(ju)”)，數據(ju)因(yin)四舍五(wu)入的原因(yin)存(cun)在總(zong)計(ji)(ji)與分(fen)項(xiang)合計(ji)(ji)不等的情(qing)況，后同。

③國家(jia)電網和南方電網統計口徑。

④指電(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)組織開展(zhan)的(de)(de)各品類交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)量的(de)(de)總規模，分(fen)為省(sheng)內(nei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和(he)省(sheng)間交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，其(qi)中(zhong)省(sheng)內(nei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)包括(kuo)省(sheng)內(nei)電(dian)力(li)直接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、發(fa)電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、抽(chou)水蓄能交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和(he)其(qi)他交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi);省(sheng)間交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)包括(kuo)省(sheng)間電(dian)力(li)直接交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、省(sheng)間外送交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(網(wang)對網(wang)、網(wang)對點)、發(fa)電(dian)權(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和(he)其(qi)他交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)。以交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)結算口徑統計。

⑤指(zhi)符合市(shi)場準(zhun)入條件的電(dian)廠和終端購電(dian)主體通(tong)過自(zi)主協商、集中競價等直(zhi)接交易(yi)形式(shi)確(que)定的電(dian)量(liang)規模，包(bao)(bao)括省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)電(dian)力(li)直(zhi)接交易(yi)電(dian)量(liang)和省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)電(dian)力(li)直(zhi)接交易(yi)(外受)電(dian)量(liang)。當前僅(jin)包(bao)(bao)括中長期交易(yi)電(dian)量(liang)，以交易(yi)的結算口徑統計。